西安鐘樓三分鐘導遊詞 篇1
我們現在看到的就是鐘樓。鐘樓位於市中心東、西、南、北四條大街的交會處，它建於明洪武十七年 (1384年)，當時鐘樓的位置並不在現在這個地方，那么它在哪兒呢?請大家順著我手指的方向看，那座與鐘樓遙相呼應的樓就是鼓樓，鐘樓最初的位置在鼓樓以西的迎祥觀內。迎祥觀是唐朝一座非常著名的道觀，唐睿宗李旦為了給自已的母親過壽，特製了一口鐘安放在迎祥觀內。隨著城市的發展，西安城不斷地擴建，鐘樓就偏於城西，不再居於城市中心了。在這種情況下，公元1582年明政府就將鐘樓遷移至今天的位置。
鐘樓的主要作用就是擊鐘報時。每天清晨，當鐘聲響起，四個城門就打開，人們就開始了一天的辛勤勞作，傍晚鼓樓的鼓聲一響，人們就回到城裡關閉城門，這就是大家常說的“晨鐘暮鼓”。過去用來報時的鐘是唐睿宗李旦在景雲二年(720xx年)命人製作的，取名“景雲鍾”。景雲鍾紋飾精美，線條流暢，聲音洪亮，充分表現出了唐代工匠高超的鑄鐘水平，原鐘現收藏在西安碑林石刻藝術博物館。大家現在看到的這口鐘是景雲鐘的複製品，它的體態、大小、重量、紋飾與原景雲鍾都是相同的。現在讓我們大家一起來欣賞一下，請看鐘紐部分：據傳海中有一種大獸叫蒲牢，它雖然兇猛，但是非常害怕鯨魚，每當鯨魚攻擊它，它就會拚命大叫，由於它的叫聲非常響亮，人們在鑄鐘的時候就將它縛在鐘上，以祈求鐘聲洪亮，我們大家可以想像一下，鍾就像張著大嘴的蒲牢，撞鐘之木就像鯨魚，鯨魚咬一口，蒲牢叫一聲，鯨魚咬得越急，蒲牢叫得越響，如果哪位朋友不信，可以來試試。關於蒲牢還有另外一種說法，說“蒲牢”是龍王爺的第九個兒子，龍生九子各有所好，這位蒲牢平素愛大聲喊叫，聲音非常洪亮，因此鐘紐常常做成蒲牢的樣子，希望能使鐘聲洪亮，總之有了蒲牢，鐘聲就會洪亮，這是無可置疑的事了。
再來看看鐘面，這裡有龍、鳳、鶴、獅、獨角牛，以及飛天、彩雲、蔓草等，花紋線條流暢、首尾相接，它們分別代表著道教法規、富貴權勢、天上人間，以及現世未來，是一幅集福、權、貴為一體的宗教紋飾畫，特別珍貴的是這篇唐睿宗李旦親筆所書的銘文。李旦的真跡共有三處：孔子廟堂碑、順陵碑以及景雲鍾銘文。因孔子廟堂碑和順陵碑都己被毀，所以現在李旦的真跡就僅存景雲鍾銘文一處了。這篇文章的內容主要講述了道教的玄妙，以及景雲鐘的製作，無論是從書法的角度，還是從文章的內容來看，都是一篇不可多得的佳作。
讓我們回過頭來，看看這座坐落於四條大街交會處己600多年的鐘樓吧，我們先從屋檐講起，大家站在這裡可以看到鐘樓有三層屋檐，其實它只有兩層，也就是說在二樓是一層樓兩層檐，那么為什麼要把屋檐做得這么複雜呢?因為在封建社會裡屋檐有著非常嚴格的等級制度，重檐就是統治階級為了提高自己的尊嚴和權威而獨占的一種形式，就是同樣的重檐屋頂也有著最尊與次之的區別，重檐廡殿為最尊，比如北京故宮的“太和殿”，重檐歇山次之，比如北京天安門。鐘樓採用的四角攢尖頂形式，這種形式最早出現在北魏石窟的石塔雕刻上，此外在宋畫中也可以看到不少的樓、台、亭、閣採用這種形式，到了明清這種形式就更加興盛起來。大家站在這裡可以看到，四周的建築都很漂亮，可這在過去是完全行不通的。普通老百姓蓋房子只能蓋單檐房屋，重檐在皇家建築里才能出現。也許有的朋友已經注意到了，在屋頂的四翼角戧脊上有一排動物形狀的構件，這就是人們常說的仙人、走獸。我們依次來看一下：第一個是仙人，在它後邊分別是行龍、飛鳳、行獅、天馬、海馬、飛魚、押魚，這幾種走獸都有其一定的寓意。龍風代表至高無上的尊貴;獅子是獸中之王、鎮山之王;天馬、海馬象徵皇家的威德通天入海、暢達四方;飛魚、押魚是海中異獸，據說可興雲作雨、鎮火防災。建築工匠們巧妙地將政治象徵、藝術裝飾和實用構件統一在一起，充分顯示了他們的聰明才智。
我們再往下看，在柱子上樑枋與屋頂的構架部分之間可以看到有一層用小塊木料拼合成的構件，它們均勻地分布在梁枋上，支挑著伸出的屋檐，這種構件稱為斗拱，它是中國古代木結構建築上的一種特有的構件。為什麼叫斗拱呢?在柱子與梁枋上因為要挑出屋頂伸出的屋檐，故需要有一種構件托住屋檐下的仿和椽。古代工匠用弓形的短木從柱子和樑上伸出，一層不夠再加一層，弓木層層挑出，使屋檐得以伸出屋身之外，這種弓形短木稱為拱;在兩層拱之間用方木塊相墊，小方木形如斗，所以這種用多層拱與斗結合成的構件即稱為斗拱。斗拱用在屋檐下可以使屋頂的出檐加大，用在梁枋兩端下面，則可以減小梁枋的跨度，加大梁枋的承受力。斗拱的確是一種很奇特的構件，一塊塊小木料組合起來居然可以挑托起那么沉重、那樣深遠的屋檐，這是我國古代工匠一項了不起的創造。
建築首先作為一種物質財富，也和其他物質一樣，在人類創造的過程中，不但產生了物質的軀體，同時也產生了美的形象，在房屋的整體和房屋各種構件的製作中，人們都對它進行程度不同的美的加工，裝飾就是這樣開始在建築上出現的。古建築的門窗是與人接觸最多的部分，在它們身上自然集中地進行了多種裝飾處理。大家現在看到的格子門，門扉上都有木刻浮雕，內容有生動感人的民間傳說、回味無窮的歷史故事，樓上樓下加起來共有64幅，若朋友們感興趣，不妨仔細研究一下， 看看您能猜對多少。
進入鐘樓一樓大廳。首先請大家抬興看：頂部一個個的木方框叫天花，中央圓形的叫藻井。為了不露出建築的梁架，古代工匠常常在梁的下方用天花枋組成一個一個的木方框，上面貼有彩色圖案的紙，或者直接在上面施彩繪。鐘樓的天花都是直接施彩繪的，共184塊，有艷麗的牡丹，有素雅的水仙，有傲雪的紅梅，有清幽的蘭花，一年四季就在這小小的四方之間爭嬌鬥奇。在講藻井之前，我想先請朋友們猜一猜，這是一個什麼圖案呢?有朋友說這是城市的中心點，還有朋友說是雲彩，我給大家講一個民間流傳的故事，聽完後大家就會明白了：傳說關中地區過去常鬧水災，每一年都會發生一次，有位道十看過風水後說：鐘樓東半里，地下有一川口，川口裡有一條大鰲魚，每一年這條大鰲魚都會按時出來呼吸新鮮空氣，它這一露頭，關中地區便會汪洋一片，知縣得知這一訊息後，便命工匠將原鐘樓拆除，在它的東半里，一個十字交叉路口處重新建了一座鐘樓，鐘樓建好後，果然再也沒有發生過水災，因此工匠在施藻井彩繪的時候，就做了這樣一幅“霞光萬道”圖，大家看這幅圖案像不像太陽照在井眼裡泛出的七色波紋呢?這正是：鍾號景雲鳴彩鳳，樓雄川口鎖金鰲。
西安鐘樓三分鐘導遊詞 篇2
西安鐘樓，建於明太祖朱元璋洪武十七年(公元1384年),為磚木結構，重樓三層檐，四角攢頂的形式，總高36米，每邊長35.5米，占地面積1377平方米，內有樓梯可盤旋而上。在檐上覆蓋有深綠色琉璃瓦，樓內貼金彩繪，畫棟雕梁，頂部有鎏金寶頂，金碧輝煌。以它為中心輻射出東、南、西、北四條大街並分別與明城牆東、南、西、北四門相接。
欣賞編鐘所奏的樂曲以及仿古舞蹈。曲目有民樂《登樓曲》，長安古樂《奉金杯》、《搖門栓》，名曲《春江花月夜》，古曲《飛天》、《大登殿》，編鐘獨奏《茉莉花》，以及《秦腔曲牌》。每日六場演出，時間分別為上午9:00、10:30、11:30、15:00、16:00、17:00 ，每場四首滾動演出，表演時間10-15分鐘。
鐘鼓樓表演除每日固定時間外，團體欣賞可提前預約，加場演出時間為晚19:00-22:00。
西安鐘樓三分鐘導遊詞 篇3
Today we are going to visit Xi'an city wall, bell tower and Drum Tower.It's a great honor to serve you.
The ancient castle we see now is the city wall of Xi'an in Ming Dynasty,which was built on the basis of Chang'an Imperial City in Tang Dynasty in theearly Ming Dynasty. It is one of the most famous city walls in the history ofthe late Middle Ages in China. It is the largest and most complete defensefacility of ancient military castle in the world.
Xi'an, as an ancient capital for thousands of years, has built city wallsmany times in the past dynasties. Most of them are buried in the dust ofhistory. The wall we see now can be traced back to the Sui Dynasty. In 1369 ad,Xu Da, a general of the Ming Dynasty, entered Shaanxi from Shanxi and changedthe original Fengtian road to Xi'an, which means "long-term stability in thewest". It opened the prelude of building the city wall in Xi'an in Ming Dynasty.The shape of the wall, which took eight years to build, is a rectangle. The wallis 15 meters high, 12-14 meters wide at the top, 16-18 meters wide at thebottom, and 13.9 kilometers long. The bottom layer is made of loess, lime andglutinous rice juice. After drying, it is very strong.
The ancient city wall of Xi'an includes a series of military facilitiessuch as moat, suspension bridge, gate tower, arrow tower, main tower, cornertower, enemy tower, parapet, crenel, etc. Well, now let's feel for ourselves thescientific, rigorous and complete military defense system.
The most peripheral part of the city wall is the moat, also known as the"moat", which is the first line of defense of the city wall. It can block theenemy's attack and even take advantage of the favorable terrain to destroy theenemy. The moat around the city wall of Xi'an is 20 meters wide. Crossing themoat is the gate, and the only channel connecting the moat and the gate is thesuspension bridge. At ordinary times, the soldiers obeyed the command of themorning bell and the evening drum. In the morning, they lowered the suspensionbridge to open the city gate; in the evening, they raised the suspension bridgeto cut off the traffic. Once there is a war, the suspension bridge rises and thegate is closed, the gate becomes a solid and closed Battle Fortress.
City gate is the key and weak point of city defense system. Usually, it isthe access to the city. In a war, it is the primary target for both sides.Therefore, the Ming Dynasty attached great importance to improving the defensefacilities of the city gate. One of the most remarkable technologicalbreakthroughs is the use of the arched gate to prevent the enemy from attackingby fire. The gate of Xi'an City in the Ming Dynasty was very strong. The doorleaf was made of 16 cm thick wood. One gate was made of 2.8 cubic meters ofwood. The door leaf was reinforced with iron bars, and 180 iron mushroom needleswere nailed between the two iron bars. There are 1800 iron mushroom needles onthe whole door leaf. In this way, the wood of the door leaf is compacted, andthe stiffness of the door leaf is increased, so that the arrow can not be shotin.
In order to improve the security coefficient of the city gate defense, thecity gate is actually composed of three parts: Gate Tower, arrow tower and mainbuilding. The gate building is on the outside, and its function is to lift thesuspension bridge. It's also used to play watch. When the enemy invades the gateof the gate tower, it seems to enter the urn. They will be attacked from allsides. Therefore, the space downstairs is also called "urn city". The archerytower is in the center, with windows on the front and on both sides for archery.The archery tower and archery tower are connected by a wall, which is alsocalled "Wengcheng" and can garrison troops. The main building is in theinnermost part. The tower above the main building is the main building of thecity gate, which is the commanding place of the general. Outside the city wall,there is an enemy platform protruding from the main body of the city wall every120 meters, commonly known as "horse face". There are 98 "horse faces" on thewhole city wall. The building above the "horse face" is called the enemy tower.The distance between the two enemy platforms is 120 meters, and one side of itis 60 meters, which is "a stone's throw". This layout makes it easy to shoot theenemy from the side. Therefore, the ancients commented: "if there is a citywithout a platform, it is just like there is no city. The city is the guardian,and the platform is the guardian.". On the outside of the city wall, there aredwarf pheasants, also known as "pile wall", with crenels and square holes forarchery and watching. The low wall on the inside is called "parapet" to preventsoldiers from falling under the wall when they walk. In the four corners ofXi'an city wall, there is a tower called "turret". In the urn formed by thearrow tower and the main tower, there is a horse road leading to the head of thecity, which is convenient for the horses to go up and down. During the war, thisis the throat of the deployment of troops, and we must ensure that there is noobstruction. So the guard is very strict.
With the change of time, we can see Changle gate, Anding gate, Zhuque gate,Hanguang gate, Yuxiang gate and so on. The origin of these names also reflectsthe ups and downs of the ancient city. The city wall of Xi'an in the MingDynasty shows the wisdom of the ancient working people of our country. OK, thecity wall of Xi'an is here. We will continue to take you to visit the bell andDrum Tower.
The bell tower and drum tower are the unique buildings in ancient Chinesecities. Bell and drum are the earliest percussion instruments in China, with ahistory of more than 3020__ years. Initially used as ritual and musicalinstruments. It has been used in military command since the spring and Autumnperiod. Ancient Chinese cities have the nature of military castles. In additionto building walls around the city, digging trenches and setting up suspensionbridges, there are also bell and drum towers built in the center of the city asthe command center. At ordinary times, it reports the time by morning bell andevening drum, opens and closes the suspension bridge regularly, and it is usedto warn the police and command the city defense in case of emergency. This tighturban defense system reached its peak in the Ming Dynasty. Xi'an is an importantmilitary and political town in Northwest China in Ming Dynasty. Its bell towerand Drum Tower rank the first in terms of architectural scale, historical valueand artistic value in China.
The building we see now is the bell tower, which is located at theintersection of the four streets in Xi'an. It was built in the 17th year ofHongwu in Ming Dynasty. It was originally located in Yingxiang temple on theWest Street. With the eastward movement of the city center, in 20__ of Wanli ofShenzong of Ming Dynasty, the bell tower was demolished as a whole and moved tothe present site.
The bell tower is a typical architectural style of the Ming Dynasty, with aheight of 36 meters, double eaves and brackets, gorgeous and solemn. It consistsof three parts: base, body and roof. The base is square, all made of greenbricks. The building is a square wooden structure, surrounded by an ambulatoryon the outside and a two-story building on the inside with wooden ladderscircling up. In the square hall on the upper and lower floors of the building,there are various kinds of valuable porcelain and red Phoebe furniture since theMing Dynasty. The four sides of the doors are covered with relief paintings,with a simple and vivid style. The top of the building is a four cornerstructure, covered with green glazed tiles. The top dome is 5 meters high,glittering and brilliant.
On the northwest corner of the bell tower is a Ming Dynasty iron bell,which weighs 5 tons and has eight trigrams on its side. It is much smaller thanthe bronze bell that hung in the bell tower earlier. The giant bell originallyhung in the bell tower is a "Jingyun bell" cast in the Jingyun period of TangDynasty. Now the bell is collected in the forest of Steles in Xi'an. It is saidthat after the bell tower was moved from Yingxiang temple to the present site,although the style and size of the tower have not changed, the Jingyun bell willnever ring. There's no choice but to change. In order to move the jingyunzhongto the new bell tower, an inclined bridge was built in the west section of theWest Street, and the bridge slope was used to transport the jingyunzhong to thebell tower. It is said that "qiaozikou" also got its name.
There are inscriptions on the west wall of the bell tower. Song of the belltower was written by Gong Maoxian, governor of Shaanxi Province, who built thebell tower when he was dismissed and went to Beijing. The bell tower is warmlypraised in the poem. The story of the bell tower was written by Zhang Kai, thegovernor who had built the bell tower. It describes the life experience of thebell tower in detail. On the door of the bell tower, there are 64 woodcut reliefstory paintings, including Mulan joining the army, Chang'e flying to the moon,Liu Yi's biography, Eight Immortals crossing the sea and so on. After thefounding of the people's Republic of China, the people's Government of Xi'ancarried out three large-scale repairs to the clock tower, which made the ancientbuilding glow with its former style.
Far away from the bell tower is the drum tower. The door opening at thebottom of the tower is north-south, leading to the north gate and the SouthDarcy street. The drum tower was built in the 13th year of Hongwu in MingDynasty. It is sister to the bell tower. There is a huge drum on the north sideof the first floor of the drum tower, which forms a late drum with the morningbell on the bell tower, so it is called the drum tower. The building isrectangular. The height and width of the door opening on the base are 6 meters,and the depth is 38 meters. The drum tower is built with double eaves and threedrops of water. The building is divided into upper and lower floors. There aretwo plaques under the eaves of the north and the south. In the south, theEmperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty engraved a book with his pen: "the land ofculture and military prosperity", and in the north, Li yunkuan, a scholar ofXianning County, wrote "the sound is heard in the sky". In the outer eaves ofthe drum tower are decorated with Dou Gong, surrounded by corridors. The ceilingis painted with cloud pattern, antique, very beautiful. Bell and drum towerscomplement each other, making the ancient city of Xi'an more beautiful andspectacular. Well, this is the end of the tour of the bell and Drum Tower. Thankyou!