定語從句知識總結 篇1
一.定語從句及相關術語
1.定語從句：修飾某一句中的名詞或代詞的從句稱為定語從句，一般緊跟在它所修飾的先行詞後面。被修飾的詞稱為先行詞。
2.關係詞：引導定語從句的關聯詞稱為關係詞
關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞。關係代詞有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;關係副詞有where, when, why等。
關係詞常有3個作用：1，引導定語從句。2，代替先行詞。3，在定語從句中擔當一個成分。
二.關係代詞引導的定語從句
1.who指人，在從句中做主語
(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.
(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.
2. whom指人，在定語從句中充當賓語，常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.
(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.
注意：關係代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.
3. which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略
(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.
(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.
4. that指人時，相當於who或者whom;指物時，相當於which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。
(5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year
rises one million.
(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?
5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語
(1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor.
(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.
whose指物時，常用以下結構來代替
(3)The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.
(4)The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.
(5)Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6)Do you like the book the color of which is yellow?
三.介詞+關係代詞引導的定語從句
1. 關係代詞在定語從句中做介詞賓語時，從句常由介詞+關係代詞引導
(1)The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.
(2)The school in which he once studied is very famous.
(3)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.
(4)Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked.
(5)We’ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/who) we have often talk-ed about.
(6) We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.
2.關係代詞前的介詞的選擇
* 由先行詞的習慣搭配或根據先行詞的需要。
(1) The speed at which light travels is 300,000 km per second. (at the speed of …以…速度)
(2) The reason for which he didn’t come to school was that he was ill. (for a certain reason 由於某種原因)
* 介詞可能是從句短語動詞的一個固定部分或固定搭配
(3) Don’t bring children to see the animals of which they are afraid. (be afraid of 害怕)
(4) This is the teacher from whom I borrowed the book. (borrow from…從…借入
注意：
1. 含有介詞的動詞短語一般不拆開使用，如：look for, look after, take care of等
(1) This is the watch which/that I am looking for. (T)
(2) This is the watch for which I am looking. (F)
2. 若介詞放在關係代詞前，關係代詞指人時用whom，不可用who或者that;指物時用 which，不能用that;關係代詞是所有格時用whose
(1) The man with whom you talked is my friend. (T)
(2) The man who/that you talked with is my friend. (F)
(3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very comfortable. (T)
(4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very comfortable. (F)
3. “介詞+關係代詞”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代詞或者數詞
(1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.
(2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.
(3) There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.
四.關係副詞引導的定語從句
1. when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語
(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.
(2) The time when we got together finally came.
2. where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.
(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.
3. why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語
(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.
(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.
注意：
1.關係副詞引導的從句可以由“介詞+關係代詞”引導的從句替換
(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear.
(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.
(3) Great changes have taken place in the city in which./where I was born.
2.當先行詞為時間、地點、原因名詞時，如果在從句中不是作狀語時，不可用關係副詞引導。
(1)The reason (that/which) he gave for being late is that his mother was ill.
(2)They make me think of the happy days (that/which) we spent together.
(3)Is this factory the one (that/which) they visited the day before yester- day.
定語從句知識總結 篇2
定語從句，一個簡單句跟在一名詞或代詞後（先行詞）進行修飾限定，就叫做定語從句。在主句中充當定語成分。被修飾的詞叫先行詞。
一.幾個基本概念
1.定語從句的定義：用作定語的從句叫定語從句。
2.先行詞：被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。
3.定語從句的位置：緊跟先行詞（名詞或代詞）之後。
4.引導詞：引導定語從句的詞（包括關係代詞和關係副詞）。
（1）關係代詞：that/who/whom/which/as
（2）關係副詞：when/where/why
5.引導詞的位置：位於定語從句之前（先行詞之後）。【as除外】
6.引導詞的功能（作用）：
（1）連線先行詞和定語從句。
（2）在定語從句中充當一定的成分（關係代詞充當主語或賓語，關係副詞充當狀語）。
7.定語從句的類型：
（1）限定性定語從句（主句和定語從句之間無逗號）。
① 直接由引導詞引導定語從句
The man who you’re talking to is my friend.
② 由介詞+關係代詞（whom/which）引導
The man to whom you’re talking is my friend.
I need a pen with which I can write a letter.
=I need a piece of paper on which I can write a letter.
介詞的選用可根據從句中的相關詞組確定，該介詞通常可以放在關係代詞之前，也可放在從句之尾。例如：
The man (who/whom/that) I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University.
=The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.
The palace (which/that) I often pay a visit to was built in the 17th century.
=The palace to which I often pay a visit was built in the 17th century.
（2）非限定性定語從句（主句和定語從句之間用逗號隔開）。
① 直接由引導詞引導定語從句。
② 由介詞+關係代詞（whom/which）引導。
I live in a house far away from the city, in front of which is a big tree.
There is an apple tree standing at the gate, on which are many apples.
This is the man to whom I gave the book.
③ 由“代詞/名詞+of+whom/which”或“of which/ whom +名詞/代詞”(先行詞指
人用whom,指物用which)引導。One, some, any, none, all, both, several, many, most, neither, either等詞、數詞、分數或百分比與of whom或of which連用。
He has five children, two of whom are abroad.
(比較：He has five children, and two of them are abroad.)
We have three books, none of which is/are interesting.
(比較：We have three books, but none of them is/are interesting.)
除why和that不能引導非限定性定語從句外，其餘引導詞都可以，用法同限定性定語從句一樣。但要注意以下區別。
1.在形式上非限定性定語從句與主句有逗號隔開。
2.非限定性定語從句的作用：它只是補充說明先行詞的情況，翻譯時可譯成兩個句子。
The engineer, whose leg was badly hurt, was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位工程師被很快送往醫院，其腿部受了重傷）
The engineer whose leg was badly hurt was quickly sent to hospital.
（那位腿部受了重傷的工程師被很快送往醫院）
3.在非限定性定語從句中，任何引導詞都不能省略（包括引導詞在此定語從句中充當賓語在內）。指人做主語時只能用who, 做賓語時用whom;
指物做主語，賓語都用which; 關係副詞用when或where，也不能省略。
The man, ______ is sitting on the chair, is my father.
The woman, _______ I met yesterday, is my English teacher.
The city, _______ is far away, is very beautiful.
He went to America, ______ his parents live.
He joined the Army yesterday, ______ I left, too.
4.whose引導非限定性定語從句：
The house, whose window faces south, is mine.
=The house, the window of which faces south, is mine.
＝The house, of which the window faces south, is mine.
二.定語從句中關係代詞和關係副詞的基本用法
1.who/that指人是主格在定語從句中代替先行詞，又作定語從句的主語，不能省略。
Do you know the gentleman who/that is sitting there?
2.whom/who/that指人是賓格，在定語從句中代替先行詞，又作定語從句的賓語（動賓或介賓）。
① 當作動賓（動詞後接賓語）時，關係代詞可省略。
Do you know the gentleman (whom/who/that) we met just now?
② 當作介賓（介詞後接賓語）時：
介詞不提前時，關係代詞可省略；
介詞提前時，關係代詞不可省，即介詞＋whom(指人時介詞後的關係代詞只能用whom)。
The man (whom/who/that) I spoke with is my teacher.
The man with whom I spoke is my teacher.
※註：固定的動詞短語（動詞+介詞）如look for, take care of等不能把動詞與介詞拆開，既介詞不能提至引導詞前。
She is the right girl (who/whom/that) we are looking for.
3.whose: 指人或物，是所有格“…的”形式。Whose+n.一起在定語從句中充當主語、賓語（動賓或介賓）即先行詞的什麼東西怎樣了，whose不能省略。Whose+n. = the +n. + of which/whom= of which/ whom+ the =n.
I didn’t find the desk whose leg was broken. （主語）
He is the student whose pencil I broke yesterday. （動賓）
The boss in whose company I work is very kind. （介賓）
4.which/that 指物，指代先行詞且在定語從句中作主語或賓語（動賓或介賓）。
① 當作動賓時，關係代詞可省略。
② 當作介賓時：
介詞不提前時，關係代詞可省略；
介詞提前時，關係代詞不可省，即介詞＋which(指物時介詞後的關係代詞只能用which)。
The house which/that was destroyed in the earthquake is weak.
The pen (which/that) you found yesterday is mine.
The games (that/which) the young men competed in were difficult.
The games in which the young men competed were difficult.
※注:介詞+關係代詞即介詞+whom/which(先行詞指人用whom，指物用which)。
定語從句知識總結 篇3
（一）定語從句一般由關係代詞和關係副詞引導
1、關係代詞：who, whom, whose, which, that, as
2、關係副詞：when, where, why
關係代詞和關係副詞必須位於從句之首，主句先行詞之後，起著連線先行詞和從句的作用， 同時在從句中又充當句子成分，高考語法複習四：定語從句。
e.g. She is the girl who sings best of all.（關係代詞who在從句中作主語）
The comrade with whom I came knows French.（whom在從句中作介詞with的賓語）
3、關係代詞和關係副詞的用法：
1）當先行詞為人時用who 作主語，whom作賓語；
2）當先行詞為物或整個句子時用which ，可作主語或賓語；
3）先行詞為人、物時用that ，可作主語或賓語；
4）whose用作定語，可指人或物；
5）關係副詞when（指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語，where（指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語），why（指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語）。
（二）限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句
1、限制性定語從句：從句與主句關係密切，去掉從句，主句意義不完整，甚至不合邏輯。
e.g. I was the only person in our office who was invited.（去掉定語從句，意思就不完整）
2、非限制性定語從句：從句對先行詞關係不密切，去掉定從句，意思仍然完整。形式上用逗號隔開，不能that用引導。
e.g. Tom's father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.（who引導非限制性定語從句，整個句子可分成兩句來翻譯）
（三）使用定語從句時特別注意的幾個問題
1、that與which的區別。
1）用that而不用 which的情況：
①先行詞為不定代詞all, anything, nothing, …；
②先行詞有最高級修飾，有序數詞修飾；
③先行詞有only, very, any等詞修飾；
④先行詞既有人又有物時。
e.g. There is nothing that can prevent him from doing it. 沒有什麼能阻止他不乾那件事。
The first place that they visited in Guilin was Elephant Trunk Hill. 在桂林他們所參觀的第一個地方是象鼻山。
This is the best film that I have ever seen. 這部電影是我看過的最好的一部。
Mr Smith is the only foreigner that he knows. 史密斯先生是他認識的唯一的外國人。
2）用which而不用 that的情況：①引導非限制性定語從句；②代表整個主句的意思；③介詞 + 關係代詞。
e.g. He had failed in the maths exam, which made his father very angry. 他數學考試沒有及格，這使他的父親很生氣。
This is the room in which my father lived last year. 這是父親去年居住過的房子。
3）as引導定語從句時的用法
①as引導限制性定語從句通常用於the same … as, such … as結構中。
e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend's. 我要一件跟我朋友一樣的襯衫。
Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China. 我們車間使用的這種機器是中國製造的。
②as引導非限制性定語從句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之後，用來修飾整個句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。
e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination. 正如我所預料的那樣，他在這次期中考試中又獲得了第一名。
3）as 引導非限制性定語從句時與which的區別
①當主句和從句語義一致時，用as；反之，用which來引導非限制性定語從句。
e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.
He made a long speech, which was unexpected.
②當非限制定語從句為否定時，常用which引導。
e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn't like at all.
2. 關係代詞在從句中作主語時，從句的謂語動詞單數還是用複數應由先行詞決定。
e.g. The man who lives downstairs speaks English fluently. 住在樓下的那個人英語說得很流利。
The students who are in Grade Three are going to climb the hill tomorrow.
3. 定語從句有時不直接緊靠先行詞，中間由一個定語、狀語或謂語隔開。
e.g. There is an expression in his eyes that I can't understand.
4. 引導定語從句的關係副詞有時可以用"介詞 + which"來代替，英語語法《高考語法複習四：定語從句》。
e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People's Republic of China was founded.
5. 當定語從句中謂語動詞是帶介詞或副詞的固定短語動詞時，短語動詞的各個固定部分不要拆開。
e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.
6. 介詞在關係代詞前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介詞在句尾，關係代詞可有which, that, whom, 口語中也可用who，且可省略。
e.g. The man (whom/ who/ that) you were talking about has come to school.
定語從句知識總結 篇4
定語從句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定語，修飾一個名詞或代詞，有時也可以修飾部分或整個句子。
被修飾的名詞，詞組或代詞即先行詞。定語從句通常出現在先行詞之後，由關係詞(關係代詞或關係副詞)引出。
關係代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
關係副詞有：when, where, why, how。
關係代詞和關係副詞放在先行詞和定語從句之間，起連線作用，同時又可做定語從句的一個成分。當關係代詞做賓語時可以省略。
定語從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數量上和先行詞保持一致。
定語從句分為限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句。
關係代詞引導的定語從句
1) who, whom, that 這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中所起作用如下：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
(who/that在從句中作主語)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
(whom/that在從句中作賓語)
2) whose 用來指人或物，(只用作定語，若指物，它還可以同of which互換).
例如：
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3) which, that 它們所代替的先行詞是事物的名詞或代詞，在從句中可作主語、賓語等.
例如：
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside.
(which / that在句中作賓語)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
(which / that在句中作賓語)
關係代詞that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法區別：
不用that的情況：
a) 在引導非限定性定語從句時
(錯)The tree, that is four hundred years old, is very famous here.
b) 介詞後不能用
We depend on the land from which we get our food.
c) 多用who 的情況
①關係代詞在從句中做主語
A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行詞為those, people 時
Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行詞為all, anyone, ones, one 指人時
One who doesnt work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
⑤在被分隔的定語從句中
A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有兩個定語從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞後接兩個以上的並列定語從句時，後一個必須重複前一個關係代詞。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.
只能用that作為定語從句的關係代詞的情況
a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
b)先行詞有the only, the very, the just修飾時，只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
c)先行詞為序數詞(the last)、數詞、形容詞最高級時，只用that。
The first English book that I read was The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twin.
d)先行詞既有人，又有物時。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重複。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
f)關係代詞在從句中做表語
He is not the man that he used to be.
關係副詞引導的定語從句
關係副詞可代替的先行詞是時間、地點、方式或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。
關係副詞when, where, why, how的含義相當於介詞+ which結構，因此常常和介詞+ which結構交替使用.
例如：
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
Im surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意：
①在非限制性定語從句中，介詞+ which結構不能代替關係副詞。
如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
②含有介詞短語的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞後面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?
3
名詞/數詞/代詞 /形容詞最高級 + 介詞 + 關係代詞引導定語從句
She has written a book , the name of which I have forgotten.
There are fifty-five students in our class , all of whom are working hard.
There are five continents in the world , the largest of which is Asia.
as, which 引導非限定性定語從句的差別
由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當於and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。
As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.
as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有正如的意思。
As is know, smoking is harmful to ones health.
用法區別：
(1) as 引導的定語從句可置於句首，而which不可。
As we all know, he never smokes.
(2) as 代表前面的整個主句並在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞，則從句中的關係代詞只能用which。
(3)非限定性定語從句中出現expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想像、預料等時。
She succeeded in her doing the research work , as we expected.
(4)As 的用法 the same? as; such?as 中的as 是一種固定結構, 和……一樣……。
I should like to use the same tool as is used here.
We should have such a dictionary as he is using.
定語從句知識總結 篇5
1. 關係代詞用來指代先行詞是人或物的名詞或代詞
句子成分 用於限制從句或非限制性從句 只用於限制性從句
代替人 代替物 代替人或物
主語 Who which that
主語 Whom which that
賓語 Whose(=of whom) whose(=of which)
例1：This is the detective who came from London.
例2：The book which I am reading is written by Tomas Hardy.
例3：The desk whose leg is broken is very old.
例4：This is the room that Shakespeare was born in.
2.關係代詞的用法
(1) 如果先行詞是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代詞，關係代詞一般只用that，不用which。例如：
All the people that are present burst into tears.
(2) 如果先等詞被形容詞最高級以及first, last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等詞修飾，關係代詞常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：
定語從句知識總結 篇6
一、as引導定語從句
as引導定語從句時，既可以引導限定性定語從句，又可以引導非限定性定語從句。區分as引導定語從句和其它從句的關鍵特徵是：as引導定語從句時在從句中做成分，通常做主語或賓語。
1、as引導限定性定語從句
如從句所修飾的名詞前有such、the same、as出現，後面的定語從句將由as引導，形成such...as，the same...as，as…as這樣的固定結構，譯為“和……一樣”。
例1：I never heard such stories as he told.
我從未聽過他所講的那樣的故事。
例2：He’ll repeat such questions as are discussed in the book.
他將重複書中討論過的問題。
例3：They made the same mistake as others would have made on such an occasion.
他們犯了和其他人在這種場合下會犯的同樣錯誤as用法詳解as用法詳解。
2、as引導非限定性定語從句
as引導非限定性定語從句，往往指代一整句話，通常表示“正如”的意思。as引導的非限制性定語從句位置相對比較靈活，可以位於先行詞之前、之後或中間。
例：As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth.
眾所周知，月亮繞著地球轉。
二、as引導時間狀語從句
as引導時間狀語從句多用於口語，強調“同一時間”或“一先一後”，有時還有“隨著”的含義。
例1：As I was going out, it began to rain.
當我出門時，開始下雨了。(as強調兩個動作緊接著發生，不強調下雨的特定時間。)
例2：As time goes on, he will understand what I said.
隨著時間的推移，他會理解我所講的話。
三、as引導原因狀語從句
as表示“因為”，與because相比，較口語化，所表達的原因語氣較弱，所表的原因比較明顯，或是已知的事實。
例1：As the weather is so bad, we have to delay our journey.
因為天氣太糟糕，我們不得不推遲旅行。
例2：Any new source of energy will be very welcome, as there is already a shortage of petroleum.
任何新型能源都將大受歡迎，因為石油已經出現短缺。
四、as引導方式狀語從句
as表示“按照”，“以……方式”，“像……一樣”，“正如”。
例：Do as the Romans do when in Rome. 入鄉隨俗
註：as在引導方式狀語從句時，還常出現在一個固定的類比結構中：(just) as …, so…。這一句型表示類比，基本含義是“正如……，所以……”。
例：Just as virtue is its own reward, so is vice its own punishment.
善有善報，惡有惡報。
五、as引導讓步狀語從句
as可以表示“儘管”，“雖然”，引導讓步狀語從句，但必須構成倒裝。讓步狀語從句倒裝規則有兩類：
1、形容詞/副詞/分詞/名詞(無冠詞)/介詞短語等+as+主語+謂語動詞，主句。
例1：Much as I like you, I couldn’t live with you.
我儘管很喜歡你，卻不能和你在一起生活。
例2：Child as he is, he knows to help others.
儘管他是個孩子，他懂得幫助別人。
2、動詞原形+as+主語+助動詞(may/might, will/would, can/could, do/does/did)，主句as用法詳解考研英語。
例：Try as we may, we cannot sense directly the television signal sent out from the broadcast station.
儘管我們費了很大的勁，也無法直接覺察發射台發出的電視信號
六、as引導比較狀語從句
as引導比較狀語從句，其基本結構是as…as。前一個as是副詞，後一個as是比較狀語從句的連詞。否定結構為not so much … as …。
例1：Small as it is, the ant is as much a creature as are all other animals on the earth.
儘管螞蟻很小，但是它同地球上的任何其他動物一樣，也是一種動物。
例2：It was not so much the many blows he received as the lack of fighting spirit that led to his losing the game.
與其說是他受到了許多打擊，還不如說是缺乏鬥志使他輸掉了比賽。
定語從句知識總結 篇7
一、定語從句的概念
在複合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語從句。被修飾的名詞或代詞叫先行詞，定語從句一般放在先行詞的後面。
二、定語從句的關係詞
引導定語從句的關係詞有關係代詞和關係副詞，常見的關係代詞包括that， which， who(賓格whom，所有格whose)等，關係副詞包括where， when， why等。關係代詞和關係副詞放在先行詞及定語從句之間起連線作用，同時又作定語從句的重要成分。
三、定語從句的分類
根據定語從句與先行詞的關係，定語從句可分為限制性定語從句及非限制性定語從句。限制性定語從句緊跟先行詞，主句與從句不用逗號分開，從句不可省去，非限制性定語從句主句與從句之間有逗號分開，起補充說明作用，如省去，意思仍完整。
四、關係代詞的用法
1. that 既可以用於指人，也可以用於指物。在從句中作主語或賓語，作主語時不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.瑪麗喜歡輕柔的音樂。(that作主語)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是藍色的。(that作賓語)
2.which用於指物，在句中作主語或賓語，作主語不可省略，作賓語可省略。例如：
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位於火車站附近的那座大樓是一家超市。(作主語)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我們昨天晚上看的那部電影很好看。(作賓語)
3.who， whom用於指人，who 用作主語，whom用作賓語。在口語中，有時可用who代替whom，也可省略。例如：
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.經常在英語方面幫助我的那個女孩是英國人。(作主語)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在與李明談話的老師是誰?(作賓語)
注意：
(1)當定語從句中含有介詞，介詞放在句末時，who， that， which可省略，但介詞在關係代詞前時，只能用“介詞+which/whom”結構。例如：
This is the house in which we lived last year.這是我們去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.請告訴我你從誰那借的這本英文小說。
(2)含有介詞的固定動詞詞組中，介詞不可前置，只能放在原來的位置上。例如：
This is the person whom you are looking for. 這就是你要找的那個人。
(3)that 作介詞的賓語時，介詞不能放它的前面，只能放在從句中動詞的後面。例如：
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常遠。
(4)關係詞只能用that的情況：
a. 先行詞被序數詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數詞、基數詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一個通過考試的人。
b.被修飾的先行詞為all， any， much， many， everything， anything， none， the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店裡有什麼東西要買嗎?
c.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：
This is the same bike that I lost.這就是我丟的那輛腳踏車。
d. 先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that， 而不用which.例如：
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚記得我在那個房間所見到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重複，只能用that.例如：
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那個女孩是誰?
f.主句是there be 結構，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本書是湯姆的。
(5)關係詞只能用which，而不用that 的情況：
a.先行詞為that， those時，用which， 而不用that.例如：
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些東西是什麼?
b.關係代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：
This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。
c.引導非限制性定語從句，用which， 而不用that.例如：
Tom came back， which made us happy. 湯姆回來了，這使我們很高興。
五、關係副詞的用法
(1)when指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例如：
This was the time when he arrived.這是他到達的時間。
(2)where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例如：
This is place where he works.這是他工作的地點。
(3)why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例如：
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 沒人知道他為什麼上學總遲到。
定語從句知識總結 篇8
定語從句
關係
代詞指代例句
who指人,寵物,This is the man who helped me.
whose所有格,
指人,物This is the boss whose name is Michael.
whom賓語, 指人The doctor whom you are looking for
is in the room.
that人,物,
主語或動賓This is the boy that broke the window.
which人,物,The building which is in front of you
主語或介賓 is our school.
I am going to drop out school, （非限）
which makes my parents worried.
關係
副詞
when從句時間Do you remember the day
when he came to see you?難點Is Sheba the dog who was killed last year? (指代動物)This is the boss in whose company my farther is working now. (複雜結構)whose = the…of which (P314)There was no one to whom I can turn for help.(複雜結構)of whom (其中) most of whom, none of whom…He is the only person that I want to talk to. (不用which) (P315)作表語: He is no longer the man that he used to be.of which (其中) most of which, none of whichin which case / during which time / at which time 引導從句It was in 1979 that he was elected Chairman.It was 1979 when he was elected Chairman of our club.
I bought the book 2 years ago, since when I have used no others.
Cases are introduced to you
where從句地點why
特殊
as限制性
定語從句
非限制性
定語從句You have reached the point where a change is needed.Tell me the reason why you are late.the same…as (P320)such…as They use such simple words as can be understood by us.as…as (P320)(正如) as is mentioned above as has been reported before
as is often the case as is known to all where you can employ this law.(condition, circumstances, system, example…)I am going to Shanghai where lives my aunt. (從句倒裝)I climbed to the top of the mountain, from where I could see thewhole city.先行詞只有reasonCan you repeat the reason that you gave yesterday?They use such simple words that we can understand them.(狀語從句中，that不擔任成分,不可以省略)可以位於句首, 與主語從句區分It is known to all that… (形式主語)As is known to all, (定語從句)What is known to all is that (主語從句)