(20 minutes)
section a
diretions: in this section, you will hear 10 short
conversations. at the end of each conversation, a
question will be asked about what was said. both the
conversation and the question will be spoken only once.
after each question there will be a pause. during the
pause, you must read the four choices marked a), b), c)
and d), and decide which is the best answer. then mark
the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a
single line through the centre.
example: you will hear:
you will read: a) at the office. b) in the
waiting room.
c) at the airport. d) in a
restaurant.
from the conversation we know that the two were
talking about some work they had
to finish in the evening. this is most likely to have
taken place at the office.
therefore, a) "at the office" is the best answer. you
should choose [a] on the answer sheet and mark it with a
single line through the centre.
sample answer [ a ] [b] [c] [d]
1.a) she is not interested in the article.
b) she has given the man much trouble.
c) she would like to have a copy of the article.
d) she doesn't want to take the trouble to read the
article.
2.a)he saw the big tower he visited on tv.
b) he has visited the tv tower twice.
c) he has visited the tv tower once.
d) he will visit the tv tower in june.
3.a) the woman has trouble getting along with the
professor.
b) the woman regrets having taken up much of the
professor's time.
c) the woman knows the professor has been busy.
d) the woman knows the professor has run into trouble.
4.a) he doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used
to.
b) he doesn't think he is capable of doing the job.
c) he thinks the pay is too low to support his family.
d) he wants to spend more time with his family.
5 a)the man thought the essay was easy.
b) they both had a hard time writing the essay.
c) the woman thought the essay was easy.
d) neigther of them has finished the assignment yet.
6.a) in the park. b) between two buildings.
c) in his apartment. d) under a huge tree.
7.a) it's awfully dull. b) it's really exciting.
c) it's very exhausting. d) it's quite challenging.
8.a) a movie. b) a lecture. c)
a play. d) a speech.
9.a) the weather is mild compared to the past years.
b) they are having the coldest winter ever.
c) the weather will soon get warmer.
d) the weather may get even colder.
10.a) a mystery story.
b) the hiring of a shop assistant.
c) the search for a reliable witness.
d) an unsolved case of robbery.
section b
directions: in this section, you will hear 3 short
passages. at the end of each
passage, you will hear some questions. both the passage
and the questions will be spoken only once. after you
hear a question, you must choose the best answer from
the four choices marked a), b), c) and d). then mark the
corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single
line through the centre.
passage one
questions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have
just heard.
11.a) they want to change the way english is taught.
b) they learn english to find wella2paid jobs.
c) they want to have an upa2to date knowledge of
english.
d) they know clearly what they want to learn.
12.a) professionals.
b) college students.
c) beginners.
d) intermediate learners.
13.a) courses for doctors.
b) courses for businessmen.
c) courses for reporters.
d) courses for lawyers.
14.a) three groups of learners.
b) the importance of business english.
c) english for specific purposes.
d) features of english for different purposes.
passage two
questions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have
just heard.
15.a) to show off their wealth.
b) to feel good.
c) to regain their memory.
d) to be different from others.
16.a) to help solve their psychological problems.
b) to play games with them.
c) to send them to the hospital.
d) to make them aware of its harmfulness.
17.a) they need care and affection.
b) they are fond of rounda2thea2world trips.
c) they are mostly from broken families.
d) they are likely to commit crimes.
passage three
questions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have
just heard.
18.a) because it was too heavy.
b) because it did not bend easily.[page]
c) because it did not shoot far.
d) because its string was short.
19.a) it went out of use 300 years ago.
b) it was invented after the shortbow
c) it was discovered before fire and the wheel.
d) it's still in use today.
20.a) they are accurate and easy to pull.
b) their shooting range is 40 yards.
c) they are usually used indoors.
d) they took 100 years to develop.
part ii vocabulary and structure
(20 minutes)
directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this
part. for each sentence there are four choices marked
a), b), c) and d). choose the one answer that best
completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding
letter on the answer sheet with a single line through
the centre.
21. as we can no longer wait for the delivery of our
order, we have to _______it.
a) postpone b) refuse c) delay
d) cancel
22. these books, which you can get at any bookshop, will
give you _______ you need.
a) all the information b) all the
informations
c) all of information d) all of the
informations
23. not until the game had begun_______ at the sports
ground.
a) had he arrived b) would he
have arrived
c) did he arrive d) should he
have arrived
24. young people are not _______ to stand and look at
works of art; they want art they can participate in.
a) conservative b) content c) confident
d) generous
25. most broadcasters maintain that tv has been unfairly
criticized and argue that the power of the medium is
_______.
a) granted b) implied c) exaggerated
d) remedied
26. these surveys indicate that many crimes go _______
by the police, mainly because not all victims report
them.
a) unrecorded b) to be unrecorded c) unrecording
d) to have been unrecorded
27. i have no objection _______ your story again.
a) to hear b) to hearing c) to having
heard d) to have heard
28. the clothes a person wears may express his _______
or social position.
a) curiosity b) status c)
determination d) significance
29. by law, when one makes a large purchase, he should
have _______ opportunity to change his mind.
a) accurate b) urgent c) excessive
d) advertising
30. you will see this product _______ wherever you go.
a) to be advertised b) advertised c) advertise
d) advertising
31. the early pioneers had to _______ many hardships to
settle on the new land.
a) go along with b) go back on c) go through
d) go into
32. the suggestion that the mayor _______ they prizes
was accepted by everyone.
a) would present b) present c) presents
d) ought to present
33. beer is the most popular drink among male drinkers,
_______ overall consumption is significantly higher than
that of women.
a) whose b) which c) that d) what
34. peter, who had been driving all day, suggested
_______ at the next town.
a) to stop b) stopping c) stop d)
having stopped
35. i didn't know the word. i had to _______ a
dictionary.
a) look out b) make out c) refer to d) go
over
36. the professor could hardly find sufficient grounds
_______ his arguments in favour of the new theory.
a) to be based on b) to base on c) which to
base on d) on which to base
37. there are signs _______ restaurants are becoming
more popular with families.
a) that b) which c) in which d)
whose
38. i think i was at school, _______ i was staying with
a friend doring the vacation when i heard the news.
a) or else b) and then c) or so d)
even so
39. it is said that the math teacher seems _______
towards bright students.
a) partial b) beneficial c) preferable d)
liable
40. in order to show his boss what a careful worker he
was, he took _______ trouble over the figures.
a) extensive b) spare c) extra d)
supreme
41. --"may i speak to your manager mr. williams at five
o'clock tonight?"
--"i'm sorry. m. williams _______ to a conference
long before then."
a) will have gone b) had gone c) would have
gone d) has gone
42. you _______ him so closely; you should have kept
your distance.
a) shouldn't follow b) mustn't
follow
c) couldn't have been following d) shouldn't
have been following
43. the growth of parta2time and flexible working
patterns, and of training and retraining schemes,
_______ more women to take advantage of employment [page]
opportunities.
a) have allowed b) allow c) allowing
d) allows
44. everybody _______ in the hall where they were
welcomed by the secretary.
a) assembled b) accumulated c) piled
d) joined
45. putting in a new window will _______ cutting away
part of the roof.
a) include b) involve c)
contain d) comprise
46. living in the western part of the country has its
problems, _______ obtaining fresh water is not the
least.
a) with which b) for which c) of which
d) which
47. in the _______ of the project not being a success,
the investors stand to lose up to $30 million.
a) face b) time c) event
d) course
48. the manager would rather his daughter _______ in the
same office.
a) had not worked b) not to work c) does not
work d) did not work
49. _______, he does get annoyed with her sometimes.
a) although much he likes her b) much
although he likes her
c) as he likes her much d) much as he
likes her
50. the british constitution is _______ a large extent a
product of the historical events described above.
a) within b) to c) by
d) at
partiii reading comprehension
(35 minutes)
directions: there are 4 passages in this part. each
passage is followed by some
questions or unfinished statements. for each of them
there are four choices marked a), b), c) and d). you
should decide on the best choice and mark the
corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single
line through the centre.
passage one
questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage:
long after the 1998 world cup was won, disappointed
fans were still cursing the disputed refereeing (裁判)
decisions that denied victory to their team. a
researcher was appointed to study the performance of
some top referees.
the researcher organized an experimental tournament
(錦標賽) involving four youth teams. each match lasted an
hour, divided into three periods of 20 minutes during
which different referees were in charge.
observers noted down the referees' errors, of which
there were 61 over the tournament. converted to a
standard match of 90 minutes, each referee made almost
23 mistakes, a remarkably high number.
the researcher then studied the videotapes to
analyse the matches in detail. surprisingly, he found
that errors were more likely when the referees were
close to the incident. when the officials got it right,
they were, on average, 17 meters away from the action.
the average distance in the case of errors was 12
meters.the research shows the optimum (最佳的) distance is
about 20 meters.
there also seemed to be an optimum speed. correct
decisions came when the referees were moving at a speed
of about 2 meters per second. the average speed for
errors was 4 meters per second.
if fifa, football's international ruling body, wants
to improve the standard of refereeing at the next world
cup, it should encourage referees to keep their eyes on
the action from a distance, rather than rushing to keep
up with the ball,the researcher argues.
he also says that fifa's insistence that referees
should retire at age 45 may be misguided. if keeping up
with the action is not so important, their physical
condition is less critical.
51. the experiment conducted by the researcher was meant
to _______.
a) review the decisions of referees at the 1998
world cup
b) analyse the causes of errors made by football
referees
c) set a standard for football refereeing
52. the number of refereeing errors in the experimental
matches was _______.
a) slightly above average b) higher than in the
1998 world cup
c) quite unexpected d) as high as in a
standard match
53. the findings of the experiment show that _______.
a) errors are more likely when a referee keeps close
to the ball
b) the farther the referee is from the incident, the
fewer the errors
c) the more slowly the referee runs, the more likely
will errors occur
d) errors are less likely when a referee stays in
one spot
54. the word "officials" (line 2, para. 4) most probably
refers to _______.
a) the researchers involved in the experiment
b) the inspectors of the football tournament
c) the referees of the football tournament[page]
d) the observers at the site of the experiment
55. what is one of the possible conclusions of the
experiment?
a) the ideal retirement age for an experienced
football referee is 45.
b) age should not be the chief consideration in
choosing a football referee.
c) a football referee should be as young and
energetic as possible.
d)an experienced football referee can do well even
when in poor physical condition.
passage two
questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage:
while still in its early stages, welfare reform has
already been judged a great success in many states ?a at
least in getting people off welfare. it's estimated that
more than 2 million people have left the rolls since
1994.
in the past four years, welfare rolls in athens
county have been eut in half. but 70 percent of the
people who left in the past two years took jobs that
paid less than $6 an hour. the result: the athens county
poverty rate still remains at more than 30
percent--twice the national average.
for advocates (代言人)for the poor, that's an
indication much more needs to be done.
"more people are getting jobs, but it's not making
their lives any better," says kathy lairn，a policy
analyst at the center on budget and policy pricorities
in washington.
a center analysis of us census data nationwide found
that between 1995 and 1996,
a greater percentage of single, femalea2headed
households were earning money on their own, but that
average income for these households actually went down.
but for many, the fact that poor people are able to
support themselves almost as
well without government aid as they did with it is in
itself a huge victory.
"welfare was a poison. it was a toxin (毒素) that was
poisoning the family," says robert rector, a
welfarea2reform policy analyst. "the reform is changing
the moral climate in lowa2income communities. it's
beginning to rebuild the work ethic (道德觀)，which is much
more important."
mr. rector and others argued that once "the habit of
dependency is cracked," then the country can make other
policy changes aimed at improving living standards.
56. from the passage, it can be seen that the author
_______.
a) believes the reform has reduced the government's
burden
b) insists that welfare reform is doing little good
for the poor
c) is overenthusiastic about the success of welfare
reform
d) considers welfare reform to be fundamentally
successful
57. why aren't people enjoying better lives when they
have jobs?
a) because many families are divorced.
b) because government aid is now rare.
c) because their wages are low.
d) because the cost of living is rising.
58. what is worth noting from the example of athens
county is that _______.
a) greater efforts should be made to improve
people's living standards
b) 70 percent of the people there have been employed
for two years
c) 50 percent of the population no longer relies on
welfare
d) the living standards of most people are going
down
59. from the passage we know that welfare reform aims at
_______.
a) saving welfare funds
b) rebuilding the work ethic
c) providing more jobs
d) cutting government expenses
60. according to the passage, before the welfare reform
was carried out, _______.
a) the poverty rate was lower
b) average living standards were higher
c) the average worker was paid higher wages
d) the poor used to rely on government aid
passage three
questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage:
americans are proud of their variety and
individuality, yet they love and respect few things more
than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator
operator or the uniform of a five-star general. why are
uniforms so popular in the united states?
among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first
is that in the eyes of most people they look more
professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. people have be
come conditioned to expect superior quality from a man
who wears a uniform. the television repairman who wears
a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who
appears in civilian clothes. faith in the skill of a [page]
garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. what easier
way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a
waiter to lose professional identity(身份) than to step
out of uniform?
uniforms also have many practical benefits. they
save on other clothes. they save on laundry bills. they
are tax-deductible(可減稅的). they are often more
comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.
primary among the arguments against uniforms is
their lack of variety and the consequent loss of
individuality experienced by people who must wear them.
though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of
any particular type is generally stuck with it, without
change, until retirement. when people look alike, they
tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at
least.
uniforms also give rise to some practical problems.
though they are long-lasting, often their initial
expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes.
some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring
professional dry cleaning rather than the home
laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.
61. it is surprising that americans who worship variety
and individuality _______.
a) still judge a man by his clothes
b) hold the uniform in such high regard
c) enjoy having a professional identity
d) will respect an elevator operator as much as a
general in uniform
62. people are accustomed to think that a man in uniform
_______.
a) suggests quality work
b) discards his social identity
c) appears to be more practical
d) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes
63. the chief function of a uniform is to _______.
a) provide practical benefits to the wearer
b) make the wearer catch the public eye
c) inspire the wearer's confidence in himself
d) provide the wearer with a professional identity
64. according to the passage, people wearing uniforms
_______.
a) are usually helpful
b) have little or no individual freedom
c) tend to lose their individuality
d) enjoy greater popularity
65. the best title for this passage would be _______.
a) uniforms and society
b) the importance of wearing a uniform
c) practical benefits of wearing a uniform
d) advantages and disadvantages of uniforms
passage four
question 66 to 70 are based on the following passage:
since we are social beings, the quality of our lives
depends in large measure on our interpersonal
relationships. one strength of the human condition is
our tendency to give and receive support from one
another under stressful circumstances. social support
consists of the exchange of resources among people based
on their interpersonal ties.
those of us with strong support systems appear
betterable to cope with major life
changes and daily hassles(困難). people with strong social
ties live longer and have better health than those
withou such ties.studies over a range of illnesses, from
depression to heart disease, reveal that the presence of
social support helps people fend off(擋開) illness, and
the absence of such support makes poor health more
likely.
social support cushions stress in a number of ways.
first, friends, relatives, and co-workers may let us
know that they value us. our self-respect is streng
thened when we feel accepted by others despite our
faults and difficulties. second, other people often
provide us with informational support. they help us to
define and understand our problems and find solutions to
them. third, we typically find social companionship
supportive. engaging in leisure-time activities with
others helps us to meet our social needs while at the
same time distracting(轉移...注意力)us from our worries and
troubles. finally, other people may give us instrumental
support ?a financial aid, material resources, and needed
services -- that reduces stress by helping us resolve
and cope with our problems.
66. interpersonal relationships are important because
_______.
a) they are indispensable to people's social
weel-being
b) they waken people's desire to exchange resources
c) they help people to cope with life in the
information era
d) they can cure a range of illnesses such as heart [page]
disease, etc.
67. research shows that people's physical and mental
health _______.
a) relies on the social welfare systems which
support them
b) has much to do with the amount of support they
get from others
c) depends on their ability to deal with daily
worries and troubles
d)is closely related to their strength for coping
with major changes in their lives
68. which of the following is closest in meaning to the
word"cushions"(line 1, para.2)?
a) adds up to. b) does away with.
c) lessens the effect of. d) lays the
foundation for.
69. helping a sick neighbor with some repair work is an
example of _______.
a) instrumental support b) informational
support
c) social companionship d) the
strengthening of self-respect
70. social companionship is beneficial in that _______.
a) it helps strengthen our ties with relatives
b) it enables us to eliminate our faults and
mistakes
c) it makes our leisure-time activities more
enjoyable
d) it draws our attention away from our worries and
troubles
partiv translation
(15 minutes)
directions: in this part, there are items, each
consisting of one or two sentences for you to translate
into chinese. these sentences are all taken from the
reading passates you have just read in part three of
test paper one. you should refer back to the passaes so
as to indentify their meaning in the context.
s1. (lines 1-2, para.1, passage 1)
long after the 1998 world cup was won, disappointed
fans were still cursing
the disputed refereeing(裁判) decisions that denied
victory to their team.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
s2. (lines 1-2, para.6, passage 2)
but for many, the fact that poor people are able to
support themselves almost as well without government aid
as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
s3. (lines 5-6, para.2, passage 3)
what easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a
barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity(身份)
than to step out of uniform?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
s4. (lines 3-4, para.1, passage 4)
social support consists of the exchange of resources
among people based on their interpersonal ties.
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
part v writing
(30 minutes)
directions:for this part, you are alowed thirty minutes
to write a composition on the topic is a test of spoken
english necessary? you should write at least 100 words,
and base your compotition on the outline given in
chinese below:
1.很多人認為有必要舉行英語口語考試，理由是......
2.也有人持不同的意見，......
3.我的看法和打算
is a test of spoken english necssary?
a test of spoken english will be included as an
optional component of the college english test (cet).
________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
2000年6月大學英語四級考試試參考詳細答案和錄音文字材料
2000年6月大學英語四級考試(聽力材料)
section a
1. m: would you like a copy of profesor smith's article?
w: thanks, it it's not too much trouble.
q: what does the woman imply?
2. w: did you visit the television tower when you had
your vacation in shanghai last summer?
m: i couldn't make it last june. but i finally
visited it two months later. i plan to visit it again
sometime next year.
q: what do we learn about the man?
3. m: prof. kennedy has been very busy this semester. as [page]
far as i know, he works until midnight every day.
w: i would't have troubled him so much if i had known
be was so busy.
q: what do we learn from the conversation?
4. w: if i were you, i would have accepted the job.
m: i turned down the offer because it would mean
frequent business trips away from my family.
q: why didn't the man accept the job?
5. m: how are you getting on whith your eassay, mary?
i'm having a real hard time with mine.
w: after two sleepless nights, i'm finally through
with it.
q: what do we learn from this conversation?
6. w: where did you say you found this bag?
m: it was lying under a big tree between the park and
the apartment building.
q: where did the man find the bag?
7. m: wouldn't you get bored with the same routine year
after year teaching the same things to children?
w: i don't think it would be as boring as working in
an office. teaching is most stimulating.
q: what does the woman imply about office work?
8. m: i was terribly embarrassed when some of the
audience got up and left in the middle of the
performance.
w: well, some people just can't seem to appreciate
real-life drama.
q: what are they taling about?
9. w: oh, it's so cold. we haven't had such a severe
winter for so long, have we ?
m: yes the forecast says it's going to get worse
before it warms up.
q: what do we learn from the conversation?
10. m: you were seen hanging about the store on the
night when it was robbed, weren't you?
w: me? you must have made a mistake. i as at home
that night.
q: what are they taling about?
section b
passage one
there are three groups of english learners;
beginners, intermediate learners, and learners of
special english. beginners need to learn the basics of
english. students who have reached an intermediate level
benefit from learning general english skills. but what
about students who want to lean specialist english for
their work or professional life? most students, who fit
into this third group have a clear idea about what they
want to lean. a bank clerk, for example, wants to u se
this specialist vocabulary and technical terms of
finance. but for teachers, deciding how to teach
specialist english is not always so easy. for a start,
the variety is enormous. every field from airline pilots
to secretaries has its own vocabulary and technical
terms. teachers also need to have an up-to-date
knowledge of the that specialist language, and not many
teachers are exposed to working environments outside the
classroom. these issues have influenced the way
specialist english is taught in schools. this type of
course is usually known as english for specific
purposes, or esp and there isn't esp courses for almost
every area of professional and working life. in britain,
for example, there are courses which teach english for
doctors, lawyers, reporters, travel agents and people
working in the hotel industry. by far, the most popular
esp courses are for business english.
11. what is the characteristic of learners of special
english?
12. who needs esp courses most?
13. what are the most popular esp courses in britain?
14. what is the speaker mainly talking about?
passage two
the first step to stop drug abuse is knowing why
people start to use drugs. the reasons people abuse
drugs are as different as people are from one to
another. but there seems to be one common thread: people
seem to take drugs to changes the way they feel. they
want to feel better or feel happy or to feel nothing.
sometimes, they want to forget or to remember. people
often feel better about themselves when they are under
the influence of drugs. but the effects don't last long.
drugs don't solve problems. they just postpone them. no
matter how far drug s may take you, it's always around
trip. after a while, people who miss drugs ma y feel
worse about themselves, and they they may use more
drugs. if someone you know is using or abusing drugs,
you can help. the most important part you can pl ay is
to be there. you can let your friends know that you
care. you can listen a nd try to solve the problem [page]
behind your friend's need to use drugs. two people
together can often solve a problem that seems too big
for one person alone. studies of heavy abusers in the
united states show that they felt unloved and unwanted.
they didn't have close friends to talk to. when you or
your friends take the time to care for each other,
you're all helping to stop drugs abuse. after all, what
is a friend for?
15. why do some people abuse drugs?
16. according to the passage, what is the best way to
stop friends from abusing drugs?
17. what are the findings of the studies about heavy
drug users?
passage three
bows and arrows, are one of man's oldest weapons.
they gave early man an effective weapon to kill his
enemies. the ordinary bow or short bow as used by nearly
all early people. this bow had limited power and short
range. however, man overcame these faults by learning to
track his targets at a close range. the long how was
most likely discovered when someone found out that a
five-foot piece of wood made a better bow than a
three-food piece. hundreds of thousands of these bows
were made and used for three hundred years. however, not
one is known to survive today. we believe that a force
of about one hundred pounds was needed to pull the
string all the way back on a long bow. for a long time
the bow was just a bent stick and string. in fact, more
changes have taken place in a bow in the past 25 years
than in the last 7 centuries. today, bow is forceful. it
is as exact as a gun. in addition, it requires little
strength to draw the string. modern bows also have
precise aiming devices. in indoor contest, perfect
scores from 40 yards are common. the invention of the
bows itself ranks with discovery of fire and the wheel.
it was a great-step-forward for man.
18. why did man have no track his target at a close
range when using a short bow ?
19. what does the passage tell us about long bow?
20. what do we know about modern bows?
2000年6月大學英語四級考試參考答案
part i listening comprehension
1-10: ccbdb dacdd
11-20: dabcb aacba
part ii reading comprehension
21. d 22. a 23. c 24. b 25. c
26. a 27. b 28. b 29. d 30. b
31. c 32. b 33. a 34. b 35. c
36. d 37. a 38. a 39. a 40. c
41. a 42. d 43. d 44. a 45. b
46. c 47. c 48. d 49. d 50. b
part iv reading comprehension
51. a 52. c 53. a 54. c 55. b
56. d 57. c 58. a 59. b 60. d
61. b 62. a 63. d 64. c 65. d
66. a 67. b 68. c 69. a 70. d
part iv translation
s1.
1988年世界盃足球賽早已塵埃落定,但失望的球迷們仍在責罵那些頗有爭議的判罰,
聲稱正是那些判罰使他們的球隊沒能獲勝。
s2. 但是窮人們在沒有政府救濟的情況下，生活照樣過得很好，對很多人來說，
這一事實本身就是一個巨大的勝利。
s3. 對於一名護士、理髮師或是一侍者而言，還有什麼比脫掉制服更加便利的方法能讓他們失去職 業身份呢？
s4. 社會資助是由人與人之間的資源交換所構成的，而這種交換乃是建立在他們人際關係的基礎之上。
part v writing（略）