辨錯改錯部分是在職人員英語水平考試中唯一測試語法內容的單項。它主要測試考生對英語基本句型、句子結構和語法知識的熟悉和掌握程度,考察考生辨認並改正語言知識在運用時出現的各種錯誤的能力。此部分共10題,每題1分(辨錯與改錯各0.5分),考試時間為10分鐘。要想能夠準確快捷地答題,考生除了全面牢固地掌握語法知識外,還應了解試題的命題意圖,常見錯誤設定,辨錯思路及改錯要領。
一、時態語態常見錯誤設定及答題思路
［常見錯誤］
1.句中動詞(含謂語、非謂語)時態形式與所給或暗示的時間狀語不一致；
2.套用被動語態而錯用了主動語態,此錯常設定在非謂語動詞中；
3.將沒有進行時、表示動作結果的感官動詞誤用進行時；
4.將非及物動詞誤用被動語態。
例句：
the changes that took (a) place in air travel during (b) the last sixty years would have seemed (c) completely impossible to even the most brilliant scientists at (d) the turn of the 19th century.
(答案：a have taken,因與during the last sixty years不一致)
with (a) production having gone (b) up steadily, the factory needs an ever-increasing (c) supply of (d) raw materials.
(答案：b going,因與句中steadily, needs暗示的時間不一致)
the idea that (a) learning is a (b) lifelong process has expressed (c) by philosophers and educationalists throughout (d) the centuries.
(答案：c has been expressed,應為被動語態)
not too many (a) years ago (b) my mother jogged in the alley behind our house because she was embarrassed to see (c) jogging in public (d) .
(答案：c to be seen,應為被動語態)
he was seeing (a) somebody creeping (b) into the house through (c) the open (d) window last night.
(答案：a saw,表示結果的感官動詞沒有進行時)
if it doesn t (a) rain within (b) the next few weeks, the crops (c) will have to be watered if they are to be survived (d) .
(答案：d to survive, survive此處為非及物動詞)
［辨錯思路］
如果句中動詞劃有橫線,考生就應分析一下是否時態有錯誤,即動詞的時態形式是否與句中給出的或暗示的時間狀語相呼應；動詞的語態形式與所涉及的人或物的關係是施動還是受動,是受動關係就要用被動式。
［改錯要領］
1.掌握與某個特定時態連用的時間狀語。
與現在時連用的時間狀語有：every day, always, usually, sometimes, twice a week, often等；
與現在完成時連用的時間狀語有：recently, lately, since, already, so far, these days, for, yet, in (over, during)the last(past)two years(months, weeks)等；
與將來完成時連用的時間狀語有：by 2000(the end of this year), up to 21st century, when從句等；
與過去完成時連用的時間狀語有：by(up to)1960(或其他過去時間), between 1914 and 1945(或其他過去時間)。
2.注意不同時態的配合與呼應。
主句是將來時,從句可以是現在完成時,一般現在時；
主句是過去時,從句可以是過去進行時,過去完成時,一般過去時,過去將來時。
3.熟悉時態替代的用法。
從句在表示將來時間概念時,視情況用一般現在時或現在進行時替代；從句表示將來完成時的概念時,用現在完成時替代；go, come, leave的過去進行時可以替代過去將來時。
4.測試謂語動詞時態的試題常同時測試主謂一致關係或語態,在答題時應全面考慮。
5.動詞短語作謂語的被動語態句中,注意不要將介詞丟掉；如樣題辨錯改錯部分(1)。
二、虛擬語氣常見錯誤設定及答題思路
［常見錯誤］
1.規範搭配的主從句動詞形式有一個有錯誤。
2.主句和從句的動詞形式與各自發生的時間不相對應。
3.在省略if採用倒裝表示虛擬的結構中,主句謂語動詞沒有用虛擬形式,或主句動詞是虛擬形式,但從句倒裝有誤。
4.在用介詞短語、並列分句或分詞等其他方式表示虛擬條件的句子中,謂語動詞沒有採用虛擬形式。
5.一些表達命令、建議、願望意義的詞後接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句或同位語從句時,從句中動詞沒有採用(should+)動詞原形。
例句：
if the police would have (a) arrived (b) earlier, he would have (c) seen (d) the accident.
(答案：a had,與過去事實相反,從句用had done)
had paul received (a) six more (b) votes in the last election, he would have been (c) our chairman (d) now.
(答案：c would be,時間狀語now表示主句與現在事實相反)
the demand for (a) electricity can (b) not readily be met were it not (c) for another source of (d) energy-nuclear power.
(答案：b could,表示非真實的假設)
victor obviously (a) doesn t know what s happened (b)otherwise he didn t make (c) such a (d) stupid remark.
(答案：c wouldn t have made, otherwise連線虛擬分句)
without (a) the friction between their (b) feet and the ground, people will (c) in no way (d) be able to walk.
(答案：c would,介詞without引導虛擬條件)
so great (a) was (b) the influence of thomas paine on (c) his own time that john adams suggested that the era was called (d) "the age of paine".
(答案：d be called, suggest後接賓語從句,其謂語套用動詞原形)
emphasis is laid on (a) the necessity that all the objectives to be attained (b) take into (c) account before starting (d) a new project.
(答案：c be taken into, necessity後接同位語從句,其謂語套用動詞原形)
it (a) is essential that (b) all these figures are to be (c) checked twice (d) . (答案：c be,形容詞essential要求其主語從句的謂語用動詞原形)