考點點擊：情態動詞主要用來表示說話人的看法、態度等，它是英語動詞中最難把握的一類，也是每年聯考必考內容。
命題熱點：為情態動詞的基本用法辨析，情態動詞表示態度的用法辨析，情態動詞表示推測的用法辨析，情態動詞在虛擬語氣中的運用。
考查形式：主要體現在聽力理解、單項填空和完形填空中。下面就近幾年來聯考試題中出現的情態動詞的考點進行歸納分析，以便同學們複習掌握。
典例精析
一、考查情態動詞的基本用法
一些常見情態動詞的非常用意義往往為聯考考查的焦點，考生須確切理解其含義並根據句子意思選擇正確的情態動詞。
例1：“the interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by
both sides.” declared the judge. (2004重慶)
a. may b. should c. must d. shall
例2：— the room is so dirty. ______ we clean it?
— of course. (2003北京春)
a. will b. shall c. would d. do
分析：上述兩題均考查 shall的非常用含義，當shall用於一、三人稱疑問句中時，表示徵求對方意見；用於二、三人稱陳述句中，表示說話人給對方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅等。上述三題答案分別為d、b。
例3：he’s strange -- he ____ sit for hours without saying anything.
a. shall b. will c. can d. must
分析：will用來談習慣和特性，尤其是不受時限必然發生的情況。本句意思為“他很怪，能一坐幾個小時一句話也不說”。答案為b。
例4：john, look at the time. _______ you play the piano at such a late hour？(2005全國ⅲ)
a. must b. can c. may d. need
例5：tom, you _____leave all your clothes on the floor like this！(2005全國ii)
a. wouldn’t b. mustn’t c. needn’t d. may not
分析：must用於疑問句，表示責備、抱怨的感情色彩，意思為“偏要，硬要、幹嘛”；而mustn’t則表示禁止、不允許，是說話人強有力的勸告。故答案分別為a、b。
例6：you can’t imagine that a well-behaved gentleman _____ be so rude to a lady. (2001上海)
a. might b. need c. should d. would
分析：在某些名詞性從句中，should 表示驚異、意外等情緒，常譯為“竟然”。答案分別為c。如：it seems unfair that this should happen to me. 真不公平，這件事竟然發生在我身上。
例7：_____it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.
a. should b. would c. could d. must
分析：在條件狀語從句中，should 表示“萬一”，即可表示不能實現的假設，又可表示可以實現的假設。該句意思為“萬一明天下雨，會議就延期。”答案為a。
例8：a left-luggage office is a place where bags ____ be left for a short time, especially at a railway station. (2003全國卷)
a. should b. can c. must d. will
例9：the world wide web is sometimes jokingly called the world wide wait because it ______be very slow. (2005浙江)
a. should b. must c. will d. can
分析：can 表示推測時常用於疑問和否定句中，用於肯定句中常常表示理論上的可能性，用來表達事件或情況可能發生(但並不牽涉到是否真的會發生)。故答案分別為b、d。
二、考查情態動詞的推測用法
1、對現在或客觀事實的推測
對現在或客觀事實的肯定推測一般用must, will, should, may(might)或could，語氣依次遞減。
例10：helen _____go on the trip with us but she isn’t quite sure yet. (2005安徽)
a. shall b. must c. may d. can
例11：—i’ve taken someone else’s green sweater by mistake.
—it ___ harry’s. he always wears green. (2005廣東)
a. has to be b. will be c. mustn’t be d. could be
例12：that, i think, ____ be all that i want to say.
a. can b. could c. will d. ought to
分析：must的語氣最強，譯為“肯定”、“準是”、“想必是”；should的語氣次之，譯為“很可能”、“應該”，指按常理推測；may(might)譯為“也許、大概”，表示把握不大的推斷，後面常跟but。could的語氣最弱，譯為“也許”、“可能”。答案分別為c、d、c。
對現在或客觀事實的否定推測，常用cannot譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會”，表示推測的語氣非常肯定, may not, might not或could not譯為“可能不”、“也許不”，表示推測的語氣不很肯定。
例13：you might just as well tell the manufacturer that male customers ______ not like the design of the furniture.(2004上海春)
a. must b. shall c. may d. need
例14：--isn’t that ann’s husband over there?
--no, it _______ be him ---i’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses. (2004全國ⅰ)
a. can’t b. must not c. won’t d. may not
分析：在例13中，might just as well表示“最好……，還是……為好”，說明喜歡的可能性不大，故用may not。例14，根據後面的i’m sure可以看出，推測的語氣較強，故用can’t譯為“根本不可能”、“想必不會”，表示驚異、懷疑的感情色彩，常用於否定語氣較強時。答案分別為c、a。
對現在或客觀事實的疑問推測，往往用can或could，而不用may/might。
例15：mr. bush is on time for everything. how ______ it be that he was late for the opening ceremony？(2001上海春)
a. can b. should c. may d. must
分析：對現在或客觀事實的疑問推測，往往用can或could，表示驚異、懷疑、困惑、失望等感情色彩。答案為a。
2、對過去事實的推測
對過去已發生事情的肯定推測常用 “must/may/might +have + v-ed”，“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準是、一定是”，語氣非常肯定且只能用於肯定句，“may/might+ have + v-ed” 意思為“也許、或許”表示推測的把握不大，只能用於肯定或否定句，不用於疑問句；對過去的否定推測常用 “can/could /may’might not + have + v-ed”，意思為“不可能/可能沒做過……”；對過去的疑問推測只用“can/could + have + v-ed”，意思為“可能已經……”。
例16：he _______ have completed his work; otherwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by seaside. (2005北京)
a. should b. must c. wouldn’t d. can’t
分析：根據後一分句判斷，前一分句應該表示肯定完成了工作，故用“must+ have + v-ed”意思為“想必、準是、一定是”，語氣非常肯定且只能用於肯定句。答案為b。
例17：my sister met him at the grand theatre yesterday afternoon, so he _____ your lecture.(2000上海)
a. couldn’t have attended b. needn’t have attended
c. mustn’t have attended d. shouldn’t have attended
分析：must表推測時，不用於否定，needn’t have +v-ed 表示“本來沒有必要”，shouldn’t have +v-ed表示“本來不應該”，“can/could not + have + v-ed” 意思為“不可能做過……”。故答案為a。
例18：--do you know where david is? i couldn’t find him anywhere.
-- well. he ______ have gone far----his coat’s still here.(2005湖北)
a. shouldn’t b. mustn’t c. can’t d. wouldn’t
分析：can’t have gone far 在此表示現在對過去所發生事情的否定推測，意思為“現在不可能走遠了”；答案為c。
三、考查情態動詞的虛擬用法
例19：—i’ll tell mary about her new job tomorrow.
--you________ her last week. (2004福建)
a. ought to tell b. would have told c. must tell d. should have told
分析：對過去發生事情的責備或遺憾套用“情態動詞+have + v-ed”，據此可排除答案a、c，而would+have +v-ed常用於過去的虛擬語氣中，should(ought to)+ have + v-ed”表示本應該做某事而實際上沒有做，含有責備的含義。其否定式表示某種行為不該發生但卻發生了。故答案為d。
例20：he paid for a seat, when he ______ have entered free. (2005山東)
a. could b. would c. must d. need
分析：“could+ have + v-ed” 用於肯定句中，表示本來能夠做成某事的但結果沒能做成，含有遺憾的意味，側重有能力而沒能做成。該句意思為：“他花錢買了座位，而他本來可以免費進去的”。答案為a。
例21：you should not have swum in that river. you ____ have been eaten by fish.
a. must b. may c. will d. might
分析：前一分句的should not have swum表示責備，後一分句則表明有被魚吃掉的可能性。“might+ have + v-ed” 用於肯定句中，表示本來有可能做成某事但結果沒能做成，含有遺憾的意味，側重有某種可能性但沒能做成。
例22：—catherine, i have cleaned the room for you.
—thanks. you ______ it. i could manage it myself. (2005福建)
a. needn’t do b. needn’t have done c. mustn’t do d. shouldn’t have done
分析：“needn’t+ have + v-ed” 表示本來不必做某事而實際上做了某事，無批評責備之意，只是惋惜而已。如you needn’t have watered the flowers, for it is going to rain.你本不需要澆花的，因為天就要下雨了。答案為b。
備考建議
掌握情態動詞的基本詞義及其用法是把握情態動詞的關鍵，同時要認真比較每個情態動詞的用法，注意其細微差別，如shall, can, must, should, will的用法差異；熟悉每個情態動詞的適用場合，根據語境及說話人的語氣選擇恰當的情態動詞，如用於推測時，must只用於肯定句中，can一般不能用於肯定句中。may/might不能用於疑問句中；牢記情態動詞表示推測的用法，尤其是對過去發生情況的推測；積累虛擬語氣的用法，尤其是一些句勢和特殊情況。
06年展望
隨著聯考命題改革的深入，命題的角度和思路都在翻新，但不管怎樣變化，還是脫離不了詞的基本詞義、詞與詞在使用上的細微差別和基本的語法框架。通過對近幾年聯考情態動詞考點的分析、探究，可以看出聯考對情態動詞的考查非常穩定，即情態動詞的基本用法和推測用法。聯考考點的 “穩定性”告訴我們：聯考英語命題是有規律的，不僅有規律，而且有很強的規律性。在複習迎考過程中，不僅要認真準備書本上成百上千的知識點(這是基礎)，但更重要的還要去研究歷屆聯考試題中的重要考點(這是捷徑)，提高複習效率。
情態動詞考點透視
練兵場
1. has it been warned that all the children in this area ____ stay at their homes until the bird flu has been controlled?
a. can b. willl c. may d. shall
2. i told sally how to get here, but perhaps i ____ for her.
a. had to write it out b. must have written it out
c. should have written it out d. ought to write it out
3. jack _____ yet, otherwise he would have telephoned me.
a. mustn’t have arrived b. shouldn’t have arrived
c. can’t have arrived d. needn’t have arrived
4. sir, you ______be sitting in this waiting room. it is for women and children only.
a. mustn’t b. can’t c. won’t d. needn’t
5. the driver has drunk too much wine and dangerous things _____ happen at any time.
a. should b. can c. must d. need
6. — is john coming by train?
— he should, but he _____ not. he likes driving his car.
a. must b. can c. need d. may
7. it has been announced that candidates _______ remain in their seats until all the papers have
been collected.
a. can b. will c. may d. shall
8. why did you throw the bottle out of the window? you ____ somebody.
a. might hurt b. could have hurt c. would hurt d. must have hurt
9. —don’t forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.
—_______.
a. i don’t b. i won’t c. i can’t d. i haven’t
10. i didn’t see her in the meeting-room this morning. she ______ at the meeting.
a. mustn’t have spoken b. shouldn’t have spoken
c. needn’t have spoken d. couldn’t have spoken
11.—summer holiday is drawing near. are you going home for the holiday?
—i haven’t decided yet. i ______ go home, but it depends on the weather.
a. must b. need c. may d. will
12. this couple had been separated twenty years, you _____imagine how happy they were when they met again.
a. might b. will c. can d. must
13. we ______last night, but we went to the concert instead.
a. must have studied b. might study
c. should have studied d. would study
14. she _____ listen to records, alone in her room for hours. we just won’t interrupt her, for we know this is her usual way to stay in peace.
a. might b. must c. will d. should
15. -–well done, tom!
-- thanks, but given me more time, i ___ it much better.
a. shouldn’t have done b. should have done
c. might not do d. could have done