damage n. 損害，毀壞 v. 損壞，損毀
[特徵]
- the bad weather did a lot of damage to the crops.
壞天氣使莊稼受到了很大損失。
- the flood damaged several buildings.
洪水使一些建築受到了破壞。
[貼心叮嚀]
damage是個很重要的詞，它的基本用法和考點，同學們都要牢牢掌握。
[考點]
①damage作名詞“損害”時是不可數名詞；作可數名詞時意為“損害賠償費”。
- he was awarded $500 in damages by the court.
法院判給他損害賠償費五百美元。
②表示“……的損失”不用damage of sth.，而用damage to sth.。
（誤）the fire caused a lot of damage of the houses.
（正）the fire caused a lot of damage to the houses.
火災造成房屋損毀嚴重。
③damage作不及物動詞時，本身具有被動含義，不需要再用被動語態。
（誤）glass is damaged easily.
（正）glass damages easily.
玻璃容易破損。
[備考必背]
①重要詞組
damage one's health 損害健康 suffer damage from... 受到……的損害
do/cause a lot of damage to sth. 對……造成巨大損害
②辨析damage和harm
damage指車輛、房屋、莊稼等沒有生命的物體受損或毀壞；harm常指對身心健康的損害、危害等，經常用do harm to sb. (=harm sb.)結構。
- the accident damaged his car.
車禍毀壞了他的汽車。
- bad books do great harm to children.
壞書對孩子們的危害極大。
danger n. ①危險 ②危險的人或物
[特徵]
danger作“危險”講時是不可數名詞，作“危險的人或物”講時是可數名詞。
- all danger was over.
所有危險都已經過去了。
- that man is a danger to society.
那人對於社會是個危險人物。
[考點]
①danger通常和of引導的短語搭配，不能接不定式短語。
（誤）i'm afraid there may be some danger to be misled.
（正）i'm afraid there may be some danger of being misled.
恐怕有被引入歧途的危險。
②重要詞組
be in danger 處於危險之中（沒有冠詞the） be out of danger 脫離危險
- the bridge is in danger of collapse.
橋要塌了。
- he is now out of danger.
他現在已經脫離危險了。
③派生詞：dangerous adj. 危險的
④辨析be in danger和dangerous
be in danger表示“（主語）處於危險之中”，而dangerous是指主語對別人有危害。
- she was ill and in danger.
她生病了，處於病危之中。
- the roof of the house has damaged. it is dangerous.
這房子的屋頂壞了，很危險。
dawn n. 黎明，拂曉 vi. 破曉
[特徵]
dawn指的是在早晨陽光剛剛出現的那段時間。
at dawn 在黎明時分
- the teacher works from dawn to dark.
那位老師從天亮工作到天黑。
- it dawns.
天亮了。
dead adj. 死的；凋謝的
- his uncle has been dead for 8 years.
他叔叔去世已經八年了。
- the dead were buried at the foot of the hill.
死者被埋在山腳下。
[貼心叮嚀]
一定要把dead和同根詞died,dying區別開。
[備考必背]
①辨析dead, died和dying
dead形容詞，表示“死亡”這一狀態，和一段時間連用時一定要用dead；died是die的過去式，die是“死亡”，是短暫性動詞，不能和表示以短時間的狀語連用；dying的意思是“要死的，垂死的”。
（誤）his old brother has died for two years.
（正）his old brother has been dead for two years.
他哥哥去世已經兩年了。
- some soldiers died in battle.
一些士兵在戰爭中陣亡。
a dying bird 一隻快死的鳥
②派生詞：death n. 死，死亡
- she was shocked by the sudden death of her father.
她被父親的突然死亡震驚了。