40. with the shift in some countries’ economies toward service industries. a new form of organization has developed. this organization structure is referred to as the professional bureaucracy. while this structure resembles the machine bureaucracy (which relies on standardized work processes ) in several respects, it is different in one key aspect. this significant difference is that in a professional bureaucracy.
a.senior management has had to give up a substantial amount of control.
b.tasks are accomplished with a high degree of efficiency.
c.there is strict adherence to rules.
d.there is a tendency for subunit conflicts to develop.
a yes . a professional bureaucracy (e.g.,a university or library )is a complex and formal but decentralized organization in which highly trained specialists have great autonomy. the jobs performed by these professionals require years of education and training. by their nature, such jobs can be performed effectively only if the employees are afforded substantial autonomy.
b no. both a machine bureaucracy and a professional bureaucracy can accomplish routine tasks in a highly efficient manner.
c.no . both organizational structures thrive on rules.
d.no . subunit conflicts are typical of bureaucracies. specialization tends to result in a focus on subunit rather than organizational objectives.
41. with the shift in some countries’ economies toward service industries, a new form of organization has developed. this organization structure is referred to as the professional bureaucracy. while this structure resembles the machine bureaucracy (which relies on standardized work processes) in several respects, it is different in one key aspect. this significant difference is that in a professional bureaucracy.
a.senior management has had to give up a substantial amount of control.
b.tasks are accomplished with a high degree of efficiency.
c.there is strict adherence to rules.
d.there is a tendency for subunit conflicts to develop.
a yes. a professional bureaucracy (e.g., a university or library) is a complex and formal but decentralized organization in which highly trained specialists have great autonomy. the jobs performed by these professionals require years of education and training. by their nature, such jobs can be performed effectively only if the employees are afforded substantial autonomy.
c no. both organizational structures thrive on rules.
b no both a machine bureaucracy and professional bureaucracy can accomplish routine tasks in a highly efficient manner.
d no subunit conflicts are typical of bureaucracies. specialization tend to result in a focus on subunit rather than organizational objectives.
42. internal auditors need to be aware of the advantages and disadvantages of various organizations structures. a substantial duplication of functions characterizes which of the following structures?
a.simple structure.
b.divisional structure.
c.machine bureaucracy.
d.professional bureaucracy.
b yes. a division is essentially a self-contained organization. hence, it must perform all or most of the functions of the overall organization of which it is a part. it is characterized by substantial duplication of functions when compared with more centralized structures.
a no. a simple structure has low complexity and formality, and authority is centralized. its small size and simplicity usually precludes significant inefficiency in the use of resources.
c no. a machine bureaucracy is a complex, formal, and centralized organization that performs highly routine tasks, groups activities into functional departments, has a strict chain of command, and distinguishes between line and staff relationships.
d no. a professional bureaucracy (e.g., a university or library )is a complex and formal but decentralized organization in which highly trained specialists have great autonomy. duplication of functions is minimized. for example, a university would have only one history department.