疑問代詞

1) 疑問代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來構成疑問句。疑問代詞有下列幾個:
指 人: who, whom, whose
指 物: what
既可指人又可指物: which

 2) 疑問代詞在句中應位於謂語動詞之前,沒有性和數的變化,除who之外也沒有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:

 疑問代詞:whose are these books on the desk? 
 桌上的書是誰的?
what was the directional flow of u. s. territorial expansion?
 美國的領土擴張是朝哪個方向的?
 限定詞: whose books are these on the desk?
 桌上的書是誰的?
what events led to most of the east of the mississippi river becoming part of the united states?  哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬於美國?

 說明1:
無論是做疑問代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的範圍不同。what所指的範圍是無限的,而which則指在一定的範圍內,例如:
  which girls do you like best?
你喜歡哪幾個姑娘?
  what girls do you like best?
你喜歡什麼樣的姑娘?

 說明2:
 whom是who的賓格,在書面語中,它作動詞賓語或介詞賓語,在口語中作賓語時,可用who代替,但在介詞後只能用whom, 例如:
who(m) did you meet on the street?
  你在街上遇到了誰?(作動詞賓語)
who(m) are you taking the book to?
  你要把這書帶給誰?(作介詞賓語,置句首)
to whom did you speak on the campus?
  你在校園裡和誰講話了?(作介詞賓語,置介詞 後,不能用who取代。)

 說明3:
 疑問代詞用於對介詞賓語提問時,過去的文體中介詞和疑問代詞通常一起放在句首,現代英語中,疑問代詞在句首,介詞在句未,例如:
 for what do most people live and work?
  大部分人生活和工作的目的是什麼?(舊文體)
 what are you looking for?
  你在找什麼?(現代英語)

 說明4:
 疑問代詞還可引導名詞性從句,例如:
 i can't make out what he is driving at.
我不知道他用意何在。
 can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 
你能告訴我床上的藍襯衣是誰的嗎?
 much of what you say i agree with, but i cannot go all the way with you.
你說的我大部分同意,但並不完全贊同。