醫學兒科辭彙

兒科學pediatrics

兒童保健child care

疾病防治disease prevention

營養基礎basal nutrition

嬰兒餵養infants’ feeding

營養不良malnutrition

小兒肥胖obesity in childhood

解剖anatomy:

生理生化physiology and biochemistry:

營養代謝nutrition and metabolism:

免疫immunity:

病理pathology:

疾病的種類variety of disease:

臨床表現clinical situation:

診斷diagnosis

治療:treatment

預後:prognosis

預防:prevention

胎兒期:fetal stage

胚卵期ovigerm stage

胚胎期embryo stage

新生兒期:neonatal period

臍帶omphalus

足月兒term infant

早產兒premature

過期產兒post term infant

圍產期perinatal stage

嬰兒期:infancy

幼兒期:toddler period

學齡期:school age

青春期:adolescence

遺傳inheritance:

性別sex:

內分泌endocrine:

孕母情況mother’s condition:

營養nutrition:。

生活環境living environment:

急性感染acute infection

慢性疾病chronic disease

消化道疾病disease of digestive tract

內分泌疾病endocrine disease

先天性疾病congenital disease

體格生長:physique growth

攝入不足insufficiency of intake

胎糞排出excretion of meconium

水分丟失loss of moist

生長高峰summit of growth

臥位clinostatasm

站立位erect position

頭頂vertex

恥骨聯合上緣superior margin of pubic symphysis

恥骨聯合上緣superior margin of pubic symphysis

足底sole

臍nave

頭圍:head circumference

胸圍:chest circumference

顱骨:cranium

顱縫cranial sutures:

前囟anterior fontanel:

後囟posterior:

脊柱:rachis ——生理彎曲的形成

長骨:long bone

乾骺端metaphysis

軟骨骨化cartilaginous ossification

骨膜下成骨subperiosteum ossification

乳牙deciduous teeth

恆牙permanent teeth

(乳牙)萌出eruption

神經系統nervous system

脊髓spinal cord:

運動發育:motor development

發音器官organs of voicing

聽覺sense of hearing

大腦語言中樞cerebral language center

語言交流communication

護理:nursing

計畫免疫:planned immunity

心理衛生:mental health

生活習慣living habit:

社會適應能力social adaptation:

親情 parent-child relationship

健康查體:physical examination

隨訪follow-up

戶外活動open field activity:

身體撫觸 stroking massage:

窒息apnea:

中毒intoxication

外傷trauma

預防接種:vaccination

主動免疫active immunity:

被動免疫passive immunity:

預防接種vaccination

小兒傳染病infectious disease

卡介苗 bacillus calmette-guerin vaccine, bcg vaccine

脊髓灰質炎疫苗 polimyelitis vaccine

麻疹疫苗 measles vaccine

百白破三聯疫苗 pertussis-diphtheria-tetanus triple vaccine

B肝疫苗hepatitis b vaccine

初種primary vaccination:

複種revaccination:

不良反應reaction:

熱量的需要:caloric requirement

基礎代謝:basal metabolism

排泄 excretion

蛋白質:protein

碳水化合物:carbohydrate

脂肪:fat

維生素:vitamins

水溶性維生素:water-soluble vitamin

脂溶性維生素:fat-soluble vitamin

礦物質:mineral

膳食纖維:dietary fiber

母乳餵養:breast feeding

母乳的成分:component of mother’s milk

免疫物質:immune material

免疫球蛋白:immune gloulin

補體:complement

乳鐵蛋白:lactoferrin

溶菌酶:lysozyme

雙歧因子:bifidus factor

細胞成分:components of cells

慢性消耗性疾病:chronic consumptions

精神障礙:mental disorders

急性傳染病:acute infectious diseases

斷奶:weaning

人工餵養:bottle-feeding

稀釋:dilution

加糖:add sugar

煮沸:boiling

定時定量:time and rationed feeding

個體差異:individual difference

混合餵養mixed feeding

大小便:defecation

代授法:breast-bottle-feeding

補授法:supplemental feeding

輔食添加:the introduction of solid food

營養不良malnutrition

代謝異常developmental and metabolic disorder

臨床分型:clinical typing

消瘦型marasmus malnutrition

浮腫型edema malnutrition

消瘦-浮腫型marasmus—edema malnutrition

病因:etiological factor

攝入不足:deficiency of intake

輔食添加不及時:introduction of solid food

飲食結構不合理:incorrect components of diet

不良飲食習慣:bad eating habit

消化吸收障礙:disorder of digestion and absorption

消化道先天畸形:congenital anomaly of digestive tract

先天性代謝障礙:congenital dysbolism

消化功能紊亂:disorder of digestive function

需求增多:requirement increases

生長發育迅速的時期:the period when children grow rapidly

疾病恢復期:recovery phase of diseases

雙胎或多胎:twins or multiplets

早產:premature

消耗性疾病consumptions

病理生理:pathophysiology

代謝異常:dysbolism

體溫調節:thermoregulation

機體各系統功能低下:incapacity of body systems

消化系統:digestive system

循環系統:circulatory system

泌尿系統:urinary system

神經系統:nervous system

免疫系統:immune system

臨床表現:clinical situation

皮下脂肪subcutaneous fat

腹abdomen

軀幹trunk

臀breech

四肢extremities

面頰cheeks

皮膚skin

乾燥dehydration

蒼白pale;

肌肉muscles

鬆弛laxity

萎縮atrophy;

精神狀態mental status

萎靡dispirited

反應差low response;

全身症狀general symptoms

併發症:complication

營養性貧血:nutritional anemia

各種維生素缺乏症:various kinds of avitaminosis

感染:infections

低血糖:hypoglycemia

診斷標準:standard of dignosis

分型:types

分度:degrees

實驗室檢查:laboratory examination

鑑別診斷:differential diagnosis

治療原則:therapeutic principle

綜合治療comprehensive treatment

治療方法:therapeutic method

積極治療原發病:cure the primary disease

飲食治療:diet therapy

藥物治療:drug treatment

支持治療:supporting therapy

危重症處理:treatment in crises

度營養不良伴腹瀉時的治療severe malnutrition companied by diarrhea:

營養不良性水腫的治療nutritional edema:

蛋白質缺乏綜合症(噁心營養不良綜合症)kwashiorkor

添加輔食:instruction of solid food

睡眠充足:sufficient sleeping

防治先天性疾病和小兒急性傳染病:prevention and treatment of congenital diseases and

acute infectious diseases

孕期保健與產前診斷:health care in pregnancy and prenatal diagnosis

新生兒篩查:neonatal screening

治療先天性疾病:cure congenital diseases

按時預防接種:vaccination on time

定期體格檢查:regular physical examination

營養障礙性疾病dystrophy

病因及病理生理:etiological factor and pathophysiology

單純性肥胖:simple obesity

攝入過多:excessive intake

活動過少:lack of movement

家族遺傳:inheritance

神經、精神因素:nervous and mental factors

繼發性肥胖:secondary obesity

膝外翻genu valgum

扁平足fallen arch

性發育較早:early sexual development

實驗室檢查:laboratory examinations

膽固醇cholesterol

甘油三酯triglyceride:

β脂蛋白beta lipoprotein:

胰島素insulin:

生長激素growth hormone:

診斷標準:standard of diagnosis

輕度mild:

制度moderate:

重度severe: