黃帝陵
good morning, ladies and gentlemen. today we are going to visit the yellow emperor mausoleum, known as "the first chinese mausoleum". the tomb places at qiaoshan, huang ling, yan'an, china. the yellow emperor mausoleum area was archaeologically proved to be a primitive clan settlement, for unearthing pottery and stone tools with evident yangshao culture features. it is one of the key historical site under state protection of china.
in order for everyone to have a profound understanding about the yellow emperor mausoleum, i will introduce huangdi first. huangdi is a legendary chinese sovereign and cultural hero who is considered in chinese mythology to be the ancestor of all han chinese, one of the legendary five emperors. according to ancient records, huangdi was the son of shao dian, the grandson of fu xi. his name was gongsun. because he resided in the xuanyuan hill, he was referred to as xuanyuan. for advocating agricultural production, he was also known as "huangdi". huangdi has been credited with the invention of the principles of traditional chinese medicine, the huangdi neijing (inner canon of huangdi).the legend of his victory in the war against emperor chi you at the battle of zhuolu is seen as the establishment of the han chinese nationality. (黃帝)
we are now in the xuanyuan square. here is the starting point of worshiping the mausoleum. the xuanyuan square ground used natural pebbles from qinling range, a total of 5000 pieces which represents 5000 years long history of the chinese nation. in front of us was printing pool. legend has it that the pool was huangdi’s pen washing place. printing pool came from river zu which is regarded as the ancestor of the river. when night comes, there will be a beautiful landscape above the river.(印池)
now, we are through the bridge xuanyuan. the bridge used granite stones, and it was known as the "the first modern chinese stone bridge". the path links xuanyuan bridge and temple courtyard has 95 steps, representing huangdi’s lofty status. ascend the stairs, we can see a broad square. in recent years, rituals mostly are held here. now please look back at the xuanyuan square again, i believe you can feel the grand、solemn and primitive ambience. (軒轅橋)
xuanyuan temple is located in the north of zu water. please follow me into the holy place. it is said that the ancient temple,which aimed to worship the yellow emperor ,was originally built at the west foot of bridege hill in the han dynasty.but in the song dynasty,it had been moved here . consisting of four yards,the temple has doors of hisarchitectural style of han dynasty,decorated with hip rooftops , white walls and black glazed tiles.so it looks tall and terrifying,simple and splendid. and the three chinese characters of xuanyuanmiao was written by mr jiang dingwen.(軒轅廟) entering the gate of xuanyuan temple , we can see a towering cypress is greeting us on our left hand. the old tree is about 4700 years old. legend has it that the cypress was personally planted by huangdi. in 1982, the british forestry experts, including peel came here after examining 27 countries of the world. they exclaimed that this cypress was the father of world cypresses. in 1998, the tree was identified as one of chinese one hundred fomous trees".(黃帝手植柏)
this pavilion is called stone pavilion. there are four steles. the first stele on the right is a inscription written by sun yat-sen when he was the temporary president of r.o.c. the second one was wrntten by chiang kai-shek in 1942. on the left side, the first stele was written by chairman mao in 1937 when the kuomintang and the communist party worshiped huangdi together. the second stele on the left side was written by deng xiaoping(碑亭)
leaving the pavilion and continuing to walk in, we can see an engraved block on the left side. the stone engraved with a pair of huge huangdi footprints. it is said that there are three pairs of huangdi footprints. one pair is in henan, another is in shandong, and the last one is here. according to local people, if someone hits the big toe with a coin across the fence, he will be lucky.(青石塊)
there is a cypress in left front of xuanyuan. every year before the tomb-sweeping day, the tree hole will overflow juice like a teardrop. after the tomb-sweeping day, juice stops overflowing. because of this, the cypress is known as "the most unusual one among all cypresses".(古柏)
now, the architecture in front of us is xuanyuan palace. the palace was built in ming dynasty. going into the hall, the demirelief huangdi statue came into our view. the icon of our nation’s ancestor is based on the picture of the east temple hanwu beam and was enlarged and sealed upon the approval of state administration of cultural heritage. the new ancestor worship hall was built in XX and lies in the north of xuan yuan temple. on the tomb-sweeping day of XX, for the first time the national etiquette ebo ceremony was held here. huangdi temple inherits han tang style, and it is a combination between ancient traditions and the new era. before the house of ancestors are granite pavement. the square covers an area of more than 10000 square meters which makes it can accommodate 5000 festival activities.(軒轅殿)
there is another monument before the burial, engraved with "qiaoshanlongyu" meaning that it is the place where huangdi go the the heaven. legend has it that huangdi lived more than 100 years old. the god was moved by his great achievements. he sent a dragon help with his ascension. huangdi was surround by people who did not want him to leave completely. the dragon leaped and carried huangdi to the heaven. people tore down huangdi's skirt, boots and sword in chaos. people buried huangdi's boots sword and clothes as a memorial.
according to shih chi,all emperors worship huangdi here, so this place is undoubtablely recognized as huangdi’s mausoleum. before the stele”qiaoshanlongyu”, there is another stele engraved with “huangdi temple” written by guo moruo in 1958. (黃帝陵)
ok, everyone, so much for this today. we still have some free time. so next, you may look around and take some pictures. we’ll leave at 11o’clock, so please don’t be late. you know i will miss you. and i’ll stay here, if you have any question, please ask me. by the way, watch your step please! so next, it’s your turn. enjoy yourself and thank you for listening.
Good morning ladies and gentlemen;
Today, we will go to visit Hubei Provincial Museum. On the way to the museum, I ‘d like to show a present to express my warmest welcome to you. You may wonder what the present is. Well let me introduce it to you. The music you are going to listen to is the very gift. Now, please enjoy the music.
Have you ever listened to the music? And what musical instrument is used to play the beautiful melody?
That’s the serial bells, a wonder in the world. Indeed a wonder in the world. Every year tourists from all over the world continuously come to visit them and appreciate the programs played by it. Each year they return with unforgetable memory.
The building with red wall and green tiers before us is the very museum, Hubei Provincial Museum. Constructed in 1953, the museum is the center for collecting, studying, preserving and displaying historical and cultural relics in Hubei. More than 700,000 ancient relics are stored up in it. There is a collection of 100,000 books on history, archaeology, art etc. These relics provide precious material data for studying the development of history, culture, art, science and technology in ancient China.
Situated in the middle reach of the Yangtze River, Hubei has a long history and rich land. As early as 2,000,000 years ago, our ancestors lived and worked here and gradually they began to create their own civilization. The relics unearthed from Zenghouyi Tomb are good proofs to the civilization. The relics displayed in the museum are most from the tomb. Serial bells are the most precious and greatest of them all.
Are you familiar with the history of the serial bells?
It is said that it is the oldest musical instrument kept in the world. You see, our ancestors already knew how to use music to enrich their lives so long ago.
Luckily indeed, our archaeologists discovered it by accident and thus displayed the marvelous ancient civilization of Chu State in front us.
In 1978, a soldier discovered a large tomb when building his house. It was really a great surprise to discover it at that time. Afterwards, archaeologists excavated these serial bells on the same spot. This was appraised to be the tomb of Zenghouyi. It was220 square meters, 20 metros deep, consisting of 4 tombs. The main coffin was made up of huge internal and external coffins. The man in it died at the age of 45. Those buried alive with the dead were all female, aged from 13 to 25. They were in 21 coffins.
Besides the serial bells, more than 7,000 other historical cultural relics have been unearthed, such as bronze ware, ancient musical instrument, weapons, golden ware, jade ware, painted ware, wooden ware, and bamboo ware. Most of them are unique art treasure and they were deliberately made.
What is especially worth mentioning is the ancient musical instrument, such as serial bells, stone chimes, drums, 25-stringed plucked zither, and bamboo flute. They are totally 8 types, including 124 pieces. The entire musical instrument is placed perfectly among the bronze serial bells. They make the tomb look like an ancient concert hall.
Today the underground concert hall has come back to life. As a major instrument, 64 serial bells are put in the middle room, lined along the north and west wall. It can be concluded that serial bells are Zenhouyi’s favorite, for his body was placed in the west room.
As wee see, these big bells are shaped like round-bottomed baskets; small ones are like warming pots. They are hung in 3 layers from the winding bell shelf that is 13 meters long, 2.7 meters high. The whole bell shelf is supported by 6 human-shape objects. It is as strong as newly cast.
Ok, let me give you a brief introduction about the elegant ancient serial bells. All the bells have been played. They are all carved with inscription about musical melody. Each bell can produce 2 pitches. After many years of research, we find that its amplitude approached the international level of today. The combined scale is the 7 notes in C major of today. Its compasses very side, including 5 and a half octaves. The whole sound may be adjusted. Its wooden shelf is quite exquisite. Although buried for 2,400 years, the serial bells are well played. It not only can be used to play with to produce scores with the same melody, but also can produce mixed sounds though harmony and repeat tunes. Chinese musical pieces, such as Intoning Three Times Before Leaving Yang Pass, The Moon On The Spring River, and foreign pieces, such as Christmas Eve, can be played on it, even Beethoven’s Ode to Joy in the Ninth Symphony can be. Foreign tourists are usually attracted by the fascinating music when listening to the Chinese song The Night On The Prairie. When foreign songs cut in, they are shocked by the old civilization of Chu State. As the famous violinist, Menuin praised it, ‘The grand Greek music is accepted by the world. However, the musical instruments in ancient Greece were made of wood, what’s more, not a single instrument is kept till today. Here we are able to enjoy the sound of the instrument of 2,000 years\\\\\\\' history from the tomb of Chu State.
Actually, whoever enjoys the music played on the serial bells will be surprised at the great achievement made by the people of Chu State in the fields of music, culture, smelting, and casting.
According to the history, Chu State was called the state of rites and music at that time. People in Chu State love dancing. They danced in the palace and sang in the room. They knew how to enjoy dancing and singing. We can imagine the following scene. The host of the bomb was seated in his palace and watched the girls dancing. On both his sides sat his followers. They sat on the floor. A table with short legs was placed in front of them. They put one hand on the table that is used to hold arms. This can be proved by the relics in the tomb.
Do you know, in China, a male and a female mandarin ducks are the symbol of love, for they often play together in the water and live together. Can you see the box here? This box was found in the tomb. The box was painted. It was empty in it. But there are some pictures. They describe a very vivid situation; some people are striking bells, beating drums and dancing. This picture is very precious, for we can know how these instruments should be played, especially the serial bells.
I wonder if you have noticed that there is only one mandarin duck on the box. Do you know why? Oh, he is abandoned by his lover. But he found a new company—music. He didn’t heed the other mandarin duck, for what he really loved was music.
Well, I have a question. What is the tourists’favorite?
The music played on the serial bells.
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Today we are going to visit Zhongyang Street. This is the downtown area. In order to better know the street, we are going to walk through it, which takes about 40 minutes. Those who do not like walking may keep seated, our coach will go along another street and stop at the Flood Control Monument. Those who cannot walk that far may take a taxi to the Flood Control Monument. Now let6’s get off the coach, and take a walk on Zhongyang Street.
Zhongyang Street measures 1450 meters from Jingwei Street in the south to the Flood Control Monument on the riverbank in the north. This is China’s longest walkway. The street was built at the end of the last century. It was connected to a wharf at the Songhua River. Because of the constant transport of the goods needed for building the China Eastern Railway, a shopping center began to take shape along this street at the turn of the century. Harbin at that time was a semi-colonial city with a foreign population of many thousands. Politics and economy were actually controlled by foreign powers. Owing to the concentration of Chinese shops along this street, foreigners took it as a China town and called it China Street.
Have you noticed the cobbled road surface? This is the only cobbled street left in Harbin. This cobbled street was paved in 1925. Thanks to the good quality, the street has kept in good shape with a few repairs in the past. This street began to take shape as an international street in the 1920s. There were over a hundred shops and many were owned by forergners, such as Russians, Greeks, Czechs, Swedes, Swiss, Frenchmen, Germans and Englishmen. They built their shops in their individual styles. Therefore, the street not only looked like a foreign street, but also was controlled by foreigners. Now this smooth cobbled street may remind us of the past when foreigners were sitting in chariots along the street, as if we could still hear the horse-hoofs clicking on cobbles.
Over half a century is past , Zhongyang Street is weather-beaten. With the implementation of reform and opening-up, it is ready to welcome visitors with a new outlook.
The building in front of us is very attractive. Its some and arched windows are typical of the Byzantine Style popular in Europe during the Middle Ages. It was built in 1934 and it was a shoe shop owned by a Czech. After liberation, it became a specialty shop-Women and Children’s Department Store. It is the biggest specialty shop along Zhongyang Street. There are a good variety of commodities. Now some world famous specialty chains have also set up branches down here, such as Crocodile, Bossini and so on. You can see some gentlemen also wandering in the Women and Children’s Department Store. At such a good shopping place, they will not walk out empty-handed.
Opposite the Women and Children’s Department Store is the Central Shopping City opened in November 1994. On its original site there were five small stores run by Russians, which were built in 1932. After liberation, they were turned into one department store. In 1994, the old building was torn down, and this comprehensive department store was built. The architecture is a combination of a European castle with modern architecture. It has become a new scenic spot on Zhongyang Street.
At we go along the road, we are able to see the Central Pharmacy. It was a bungalow before. In 1912, German Sidemen’s opened a shop here to sell electrical equipment and materials. After liberation, it was reconstructed. Now you can find not only medicine here, but also the Gold lion shop, a super-market and a Kentucky Fried Chicken Restaurant.
This shopping Center was opened in 1995. Its original site was a shop managed by a Swede. It dealt in china, porcelain and enamelware. After liberation, it became a food-store. The building you see now was designed by a famous architect in Heilongjiang. It is a masterpiece of adopting relief sculptures in modern construction. This building is an attractive site in Zhongyang Street.
The nost interesting building along Zhongyang Street is the Modern Hotel. It was constructed in 1913. It is of an attractive outlook and magnificently decorated. It has a typical Baroque style of the Neo-artistic period. At first, it was invested and managed by a Jewish Frenchman. The origin of its Chinese name once aroused the interest of many people. There was a column in newspaper for debating its origin. Some held its Chinese name came from the word “mother”, some said it came from “modern”. However, modern seemed to overwhelm mother as you can see the hotel now used the Modern Hotel as its English name.
Modern Hotel has all the facilities of a modern hotel including well-decorated suites, dining rooms and medium and small-sized meeting rooms in European palatial styles. There is a legendary oil painting hanging on a wall on the landing of the first floor. It was painted a famous Russian painter. He was inspired by “Divine Comedy”composed by Dante. It shows a pretty girl saved by angels from confinement by insects and demons;the girl who endured tortures in hell was about to rise to heaven. This picture was painted red during the Cultural Revolution. After the Cultural Revolution, the original painting was restored. Now we are able to appreciate its artistic charm.
In the past few decades, modern Hotel has catered to many famous people, such as well known Chinese writers Guo Moruo and Ding Ling, and a renowned painter, Xu Berhong. Those who have stayed here also include distinguished American celebrities such as Anna Louise Strong, Edgar Snow Yue-Sai Kan. Movie studios have shot movies here. “Harbin in the Dark Night”, “London Inspiration”, “The Orient Express to Moscow”have left people lasting memories.
Opposite the Modern Hotel, there is Huamei Restaurant. It was Malse Restaurant serving western food. After liberation, it was rebuilt several times and two more stories have been added. However, its original European Style had been kept. It was reported in 1973 that there were 260 Western restaurants in Harbin, with over 100 concentrated along Zhongyang Street. Huamei Restaurant was one of the best known. Now it serves many specialties, such as Russian dishes, potted cattle tail, French egg and fried prawns. It is said a Russian celebrity who used to serve in the army once visited Huamei. After dinner, he could not help praising food served in Huamei. He declared the Russian dishes here surpassed those in Russia. He would send chefs from Russia to Huamei to learn to cook when he got back home. Now that you know Huamei, your knowledge of Zhongyang Street will not be complete if you have not tried the food here.
Further in the front, we can see the Education Bookstore. It was constructed in 1909. It is a Baroque construction, extravagant and novel, with bold lines and strong contrast. Over the entrance, there are two staturs. They are Titans in Greek fairy tales. The male is Atlas and the female is Galliached. It is said they hold up the sky with heads and shoulders. Education relates to the future of a country. May these Titans hold up the building of education, and accompany us to a prosperous tomorrow.
Opposite to the Education Bookstore, the building in the Neo-artistic style is Qiulin Department Store. It is characterized by simple structure, flexible lay out, free style, and curved decoration. Qiulin was constructed in 1903. In the past few decades, it has transformed from a colonial company. It has witnessed great changes in Zhongyang Street.
Many people say Zhongyang Street is a street of architecture as over 70 buildings appear in different styles. Some state it is a small Paris in the Orient; some assert it is a Moscow in the Orient; some declare it is a symphony. When you step on this cobbled street, it is as if you could hear a prelude. As you go further along the street, you can see the Women and Children’s Department Store, and the Flood Control Monument at the riverside, as if their varied structures were different chapters constituting a harmonious tune. This symphony accompanies the people in Harbin as they suffered before liberation, wandered through the Cultural Revolution, and ushered in the reform and opening up, and encourages them to face up to the magnificent 21st century.
I would like to call this street an international shopping mall. There are state owned stores and outlets of foreign products. There are banks and post-offices. There are hotels and restaurants. There are Jewelers’and photographers’. People are able to stroll, shop and enjoy delicacies along the street. At night over 200 shops will be radiating with colorful neon lights. This century-old street will radiate its vigor and become more attractive.
Ladies and Gentlemen, if we go further forward, we are able to reach the Flood Control Monument. Now I will give you some free time for shopping and photography. We will meet at the Flood Control Monument in twenty minutes.
lady and genlenmen:
welcome to hunlunbeier grassland! first of all ， i’d like to tell you why people call this bdautiful grassland hulunbeier grassland. there is a moving legend behind it .a long ,long time ago there lived a couple of lovers on the grassland. the girl was a hu lun .the boy was bei er. one day a demon chief called mang gusi abducted hulun and dried up the grassland .the grass withered and yellowed and domestic animals died one after another.in order to save the grassland and hu lun ,beier traved a great distance on foot ,chasing after mang gasi day and night .finally ,he fainted from exhaustion. in his weakened state ,he dreamt that the demon chief had magically turned hu lu,bei er traveled a great distance on foot ,chasing after mang gasi day and night .finally ,he fainted from exhaustion.in his weakened state ,he dreamt that the demon chief had magically turned hu lun into a flower which was and suffering from the windy dream in front of him .he immediately watered the flower and broke the spell .hu lun changed back into her former self .but the demon chief would not give up .he immediately watered the flower and broke the spell .hu lun changed back in to her former self. but the demon chief would not give up .he seized hu lun and took her away again .hu lun racked her brain for a way to escape .she succeeded in getting hold of the magic pearl on the demon chief`s head .on swallowing the pearl hu lun turned into a lake. in the meantime beier had killed all of the other demons ,but failed to find hu lun. heartbroken, bei er jumped in to a lake to kill himself.all of a sudden the earth split open and formed two lakes ,hu lun lake and bei er lake, with the wilson river closely connecting them .later,people living on the grassland named the land hulunbeier grassland in momory of them .
hulunbeier covers an area of 250.557 square kilometers,with a totel population of 2.66 million. the mongolian natiality is the dominant ethic group, and 35 other nationlities,such as dawoer, ewenke, elunchun, han, manchu, russian, etc. live in harmony with them on the grassland. hunlunbeier is called “green and clean land” because it is relatively free of pollution.
(entering the grassland)
now we’resetting foot on hunlunbeier grassland. all of us have escaped from the city and its clamour and entered a place like a dreamland,look! the grassland looks like asoft, green cerpet, nowyou can enjoy the beautiful scenery in the distance; numeros kinds of wild flowers are in bloom, and wisps of smoke are rising continuously from the yurta scattered on the grassland. when the gentle breeze brushes against the grass, herds of horses and cattle and flock of sheep seem to be drifting from here ro there. what a beautiful picture!
(visiting a yurt)
this is the yurt we saw from the bus just now. look!the host and his family have come out of the to greet us. of couse, this is not an arranged reception, to be sure. but before we enter the yurt, i’dlike to make a brief introduction on the folk costoms here. no matter which yurt you happen to visit, you will finethat on hesring your footsteps the mongolian people will extend a warm welcome outsite the yurt, to do justice to their reputed hospitality. when greeting you, they will put their hands against their chests and bow slightly. with a “how do you do,” they invite their guestsin. male guests are invited to sit on the left and female on the right, while host sits in midle. the moment you take your seats, your host will have milk tea and various kinds of milk products pleaced in front of you . after a white, you will most probably probabyly be asked to help yourself to a special course called “shouba lamd.” as a way of showing respct to his distinguished guest, your hast will prsent you with a “hada”( a piece of silk used as a greeting gift), together with a cup of lacal wine. mongolians are well known for theirtalent in singing and dancing.their beautiful songs are as entertaining and pleasant as the blue sky, white clouds ,greengrass and fresh flowers ,in folk culture, there is a saying that a feast is not a true feast without the company of songs. every person in the grassland ,man or woman ,old or young ,can sing folk songs. when proposing toasts to their guests, they will show their hospitality by singing folksongs and playing special fiddles. the mongolian people have lived on the vast grassland for a long time, and they have refined their talent for sing and dancing .you can not only please your eyes with their traditional ethnic dancing but also with their mondern ones featuring merry rhythms and vigorous steps.now let`s enter the yurt and take advantage of this opportunity to be guests in a mongolian herdsman`s home.
(stepping out of the yurt)
under the blue sky and white clouds, you will see a vivid picture of flocks of sheep and herds of cattle, galloping horses and skillful herdsen on horseback brandishing horsewhips. do you want to go for a ride ? if you are skilled at riding ,why not ride a mongolian horse for a while or wander about on camelback?if you are afraid of riding horses or camels,never mind .you still can enjoy the nomandic life by taking a special mongolian vehicle called a “lele”.
(briefing on the physique of mongolians)
now you have had a look at the grassland with your own eyes, but did you noticed that the mongolian girls are graceful,elegant and vigorous, and the young fellow are robust ,heroic and muscular? it is said that this has much to do with their life styles which are connected with horse sports,running and pursuing.further,the important role played by milk tea and milk products in developing their muscles and bones canot be underestimated.
(briefing on the dietary habit of mongolians)
let`s start with milk tea,the host minces the tea and put it in a kettle to boil it .when the kettle starts boiling with a gurgling sound, the host pours the fresh milk into it .thus the herdsman coming in from a snowstorm will warm up immediately after having such a cup of milk tea. a bowl of milk tea, stir-fried rice ,several piece of a dry milk product and some lamb is regarded as a delicious meal by the ordinary mongolian herdsman. milk products include the skin of boiled milk, milk curd, milk wine ,cheese ,butter and so on .the formal meal may be served with meat and a flour-base product.
while you are here on the grassland ,it will be a great pity if you do not try “shouba lamb”(boil meat which is eaten using a knife and your hands).the lamb is first cut into big slices and then put into boiling water to cook.when it is half done, you cut it into smaller pieces with the mongolian knife and eat it .themongolian people think that half-done meat contains more nutrients.
(briefing on mongolian clothing)
the mongolian robe is unique to this ethnic group .the robe is often matched with a belt and head decorations.with its high collar and long sleeves ,the robe protects people from mosquitoes .the middle part of the robe is made loose for the convenience of riding horses and is long enough to keep the knees warm. you can find all kinds of clothes here today ,but the robe is the cultural heritage of the mongolians and has become a symbol of their national conscience and identity.
(briefing on mongolian yurta)
you can see mongolian yurta here and there on grassland.but do you know the history and structure of the mongolian yurta?according to the historical records of the xiongnu,an ancient ethnic group ,their ancestors lived in the northland long ago .their living quarters were called yurta. in this sense mongolians ,as a ethnic group ,can date to 4,000 years ago .so the mongolian yurta are a symbol of the history of this ethnic group .now let`s talk about the construction of a yurt are a symbol of the history of this ethnic group, now let`s talk about the construction of a yurt. herdsmen first build a round foundation with pieces of stones ,then they set up the structure with wodden wods and beams linked together with wollen or fur ropes,lastly ,they cover the structure with animal skins or felt blankets.the ceiling of the yurt is round .with such a structure, the yurt can withstand snowstorms and heavy rainfalls. the door of the yurt is small and down to the ground .the yurt can be easily moved and this is suitable for nomadic life.this accounts for the reason why the structure of the yurt remains unchanged till today .if the mongolian yurt is seen as the home of the herdsmen, then the “lele”carts can be viewed as their mobile homes. “lele”carts move slowly with big noise. it is hard to tell when the history of “lele”carts began. all the carts are made of birch ,so they will reain in good condition even in wet weather. the wheels of the carts are tall and can easily roll across the uneven roads ,lush bushes ,thick snow and marshes. “lele”carts are indispensable for herdsmen when they move cross snow-covered areas.
(briefing on mongolian festivals)
there are a lot of mogolian festivals held every year on the grassland ,but the most famous one is nadam,the carnival the grassland .”nadam”in the mongolian language means recreation or entertainment .when it comes ,there will be a lot of performances,such as horse racing ,wrestling ,archery and some other special ethnic performances .the nadam fair is a time-honored festival and was known world wide for 700years ,nowadays the nadam fair is often held during the harvest season of the grassland ,either in june or july.during that period ,herdsmen often take the opportunity to sell domestic animals and livestock products and purchasse daily necessilties and livelihood-related goods.acturally ,the herdsmen have few chances to get together on such a vast grassland ,so nadam also plays the role of a big trade fair for them ,when we talk about nadam, we should also talk about offering sacrifice at “aobao”.”aobao ”in mogolian means a pile of rocks or earth. on the vast and endless grassland ,it is hard to tell directions, so people thought of pilling rocks or earth to mark them ,in its long historical development aobao has become the shrine to offer scrifices to the god of the mountain and the god of the road.during the sacrifice –offering ceremony,people insert tree branches into the aobao and put pieces of colorful cloth or paper flags with written scripture on the branches there are four types of memorial ceremonies ,namely blood,wine,fire and jade .no matter what type it is ,a lama will be invited to butn incenses ,chant scriptures and pray for the blessing of the people and their livestock .participants will walk around the aobao clockwise three times.after the ceremony ,the herdmen will not only enjoy horse races,wrestling and archery ,but also singing ,dancing and drinking to their heart`s content .around that time, young lovers will probably leave the crowd to be in a world of their own.
dear,distinguished guests,after this tour of this grassland i believe you must have a general idea of how the mongolian pelple live here and may een feel reluctant to leave the beautiful hulunbeier grassland .i belive the grassland and its people enjoyed your visit as much as you did and look forward to your next one .
ladies and gentlemen,i hope to have another chance to meet you again on this very land ,the hulunbeier grassland .goodbye and good luck.
吉林霧凇英文導遊詞
故宮英文導遊詞
廣西陽朔英文導遊詞
廣西省姑婆山國家森林公園英文導遊詞
清真寺英文導遊詞
黃帝陵英文導遊詞
英文導遊詞
總統府英文導遊詞
烏鎮英文導遊詞
上海英文導遊詞