具體要求:
a. 簡要說明研究背景(background)
b. 簡要介紹總的發現(general findings)
c. 介紹具體要點(introduction of points)
d. 與現有發現(若有)進行比較(comparison in the context of other stu
dies)
e. 意義(suggested meaning)
f. 結論(conclusion)
g. 前瞻研究(future studies)
結論往往是論文中最長也是最難寫的部分,主要原因是作者要對研究結果和發現進
行分析、推斷、演繹和推理,要求作者具有很強邏輯思維能力和英語文字組織能力
。此外,這部分時態比較複雜,要分清實驗過程和結果(過去時)與分析意見(確
定:現在時不確定或假設:過去時)的區別他人研究結果(過去時或現在完成
時)與本研究結果(過去時)的區別普遍適用的結論(現在時)與只適用本研究
的結論(過去時)的其別等。因此,對於however, may, might, could, would,
possibly, probably, be likely to 等詞(組)的使用以及we believe (think
/ consider) that, to our knowledge, in our experience (practice) 等插入
語的使用就顯得格外重要。
示例:
parenteral nutrition is being used with increasing frequency as a prima
ry source of caloric support in adult and pediatric patients with gastr
ointestinal problems. numerous complications have been associated with
the administration of tpn, including a significantly increased incidenc
e of gallbladder disease [3-5,7]. the data here suggest that cholecyste
ctomy is often required for the management of symptomatic gallbladder d
isease in this group of patients, and is associated with significant ri
sks.[說明研究背景,包括意義]
of the 35 patients who required cholecystectomy for tpn-induced gallbla
dder disease, operative morbidity and mortality were 54 percent and 11
percent, respectively. maingot [8] has stated that cholecystectomy “is
one of the simplest and safest of the abdominal operations, and is ass
ociated with a low operative mortality rate (about 0.5 percent). a revi
ew of the pediatric literature suggests that when cholecystectomy is pe
rformed in children, the operative morbidity is less than 10 percent, a
nd the mortality is less than 1 percent. [8,9] glenn [11] has reported
a mortality rate of less than 0.1 percent in over 5,000 patients under
the age of 50 years who underwent cholecystectomy. the morbidity and mo
rtality observed in our group of receiving long-term tpn, therefore, we
re far in excess of what would be expected for a population of patients
whose mean age was 29 years. [提出本研究主要發現並將其與其他研究發現相
比較]
our data suggest that are specific factors unique to patients who requi
re long-term tpn that contribute to the increased mortality and morbidi
ty associated with cholecystectomy in this select group.[以下,作者用較