一.歸納題
標誌詞:conclusion; inferred; implied; supported; if above true, then it is also true。(註:support不僅僅用於歸納法。舉例來說,歸納法的表達應為: which of the following are supported by the argument above? 如果換個說法就可以變成加強題型的表述:which of the following support the argument above?所以在解題的時候要格外小心。)
二.演繹題
1.第一種文章:前提推結論型
a.假設題:
標誌詞:assume; assumption; presuppose (特指對於前提的假設); additional premise; not true unless; depend on; rely on.
b.加強題:
標誌詞:support(注意和歸納題目的區分); strengthen, conclusion can be drawn if it were true that.
c.削弱題:
標誌詞:weaken; cast doubt; argue against; damage; counter; challenge; flaw; refute; jeopardize; criticism; undermine; drawback; reasoning error; weakness. (其中flaw,criticism,reasoning error和weakness屬於名詞性的削弱)。
d.評價題:
標誌詞:evaluate,appraisal。(根據加強題做)
2.第二種文章:因果結構
文章內部標誌詞:a is due to b; a is attribute to b; a is result of b; blame b on/for a; b is responsible for
a; credit a to b.
問題中的標誌詞:explanation; interpretation; hypothesis。
3.第三種文章:“變態結構”(表面上仍然是前提推出結論的結構,實質為因果結構,即結論是前提的解釋)。此類文章沒有與眾不同的標誌詞,需要考生在實戰時分析判斷。
從題型上看,第一類文章的線索顯然多於後兩類,也就是說解題上較為方便,幸運的是第一類題目一般占去了考題的絕大部分,所以說還是有技巧可尋的。