漢英法律專業辭彙（法理、法制史、憲法學）
jurisprudence, history of legal systems and constitution
普通法法系 common-law system
普通法上的補償 common-law remedy
普通法上的過失 common-law negligence
普通法上的留置權 common-law lien
普通法學 general jurisprudence
強制辦法 coercive method
強制規定 mandatory provisions
強制性法規 mandatory rule of law
強制性條款 mandatory term
侵犯財產權 property torts
侵權行為法 tort law
侵權責任 tortious liability
清理法規 check up laws and regulations
區域性法律體系 regional system of laws
取證 obtain evidence
確權之訴 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation
確認之訴 action for confirmation; actio confessoria
權威解釋 authentic interpretation
人法 human law, statute personalia
人格減等 capitis deminutio
人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person
人身非財產關係 personal non-property relations
人身關係 personal relation
任意解釋 arbitrary interpretation
《日耳曼法》germanic law
柔性憲法 flexible constitution
三權分立 separation of powers
善意推定 presumption of good faith
商法 commercial law
商法典 code of commerce
社會法學 sociological jurisprudence
社會關係 social relations
社會規範 social regulation
社會連帶主義法學 social solidarism jurisprudence
社會契約論 theory of social contract
社會團體：social organization
社會主義法學 socialist jurisprudence
社會主義法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law
神法 divine law
神權說 theory of divine right
審查制度 censorship; inspection system
審計監督 supervise through auditing
審計監督權 power to supervise through auditing
生效條款 operative clause
失效法律 expired laws
失效日 expiry date
施行細則 implementary provisions
實證主義法學派 the positivist school
《十二表法》 twelve tables
實體法 material law; substantial law
實體法上的抗辯 substantial defense
實體權利 substantive right
實用主義法學 judicial pragmaticism
實在法 positive law
實在法學 positive jurisprudence
實在法學派 positivist
實在主義法學 positivist jurisprudence
實證法學 positive jurisprudence
實質條款 material stipulation
實質性的瑕疵 defect of substance
實質性解釋 material interpretation
事實的推定 presumption of fact
事業單位：institution
適用法律 reference to the law; applicable law
適用範圍 area of application; sphere of application
適用中國法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc shall apply to)
溯及既往原則 doctrine of retroactivity
溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect
損害賠償 damages
梭倫 solon
彈性憲法 elastic constitution
特別程式 special procedure
特別但書 special proviso
特別法 special law
特殊主體 special subject
提案motion; overture; proposal
提出抗辯 raise a plea; raise a plead
條約法 law of treaties
同態復仇 retaliation
推定合法presumption of legality
停止生效cease to have effect
外國法 foreign law
外國法制史 foreign legal history
外國人待遇 foreigner treatment
完全民事權利能力：full capacity for civil conduct
完全喪失行為能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction
完全無行為能力 absolute disability
萬民法 jus gentium
違法構成要件 essential condition of delict
違憲 violation of constitution
烏爾比安 ulpianus
無國籍人：stateless persons
無條件解釋 unconditional interpretation
無效的法律 void law
無效法律行為 void act; act without legal effect
物權 property
西塞羅 marcus tullius cicero
習慣法custom law
細則 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws
狹義解釋 narrow definition
下文另有規定者除外 except as hereinafter provided
先決條件 precedent condition; prerequisite
現實主義法學 realism jurisprudence
現行法律 current law; existing law
限制解釋 restrictive interpretation
判例法系 case law system
普通法法系 common-law system
判例法系 case law system
判例彙編 reports; reports of judgments
普通法 common law
普通法法系 common-law system
普通法上的補償 common-law remedy
普通法上的過失 common-law negligence
普通法上的留置權 common-law lien
普通法學 general jurisprudence
強制辦法 coercive method
強制規定 mandatory provisions
強制性法規 mandatory rule of law
強制性條款 mandatory term
侵犯財產權 property torts
侵權行為法 tort law
侵權責任 tortious liability
清理法規 check up laws and regulations
區域性法律體系 regional system of laws
取證 obtain evidence
確權之訴 affirmative petitory action; cause for ownership affirmation
確認之訴 action for confirmation; actio confessoria
權威解釋 authentic interpretation
人法 human law, statute personalia
人格減等 capitis deminutio
人身不可侵犯 inviolability of the person
人身非財產關係 personal non-property relations
人身關係 personal relation
任意解釋 arbitrary interpretation
《日耳曼法》germanic law
柔性憲法 flexible constitution
三權分立 separation of powers
善意推定 presumption of good faith
商法 commercial law
商法典 code of commerce
社會法學 sociological jurisprudence
社會關係 social relations
社會規範 social regulation
社會連帶主義法學 social solidarism jurisprudence
社會契約論 theory of social contract
社會團體：social organization
社會主義法學 socialist jurisprudence
社會主義法制 socialist legal system; socialist rule of law
神法 divine law
神權說 theory of divine right
審查制度 censorship; inspection system
審計監督 supervise through auditing
審計監督權 power to supervise through auditing
生效條款 operative clause
失效法律 expired laws
失效日 expiry date
施行細則 implementary provisions
實證主義法學派 the positivist school
《十二表法》 twelve tables
實體法 material law; substantial law
實體法上的抗辯 substantial defense
實體權利 substantive right
實用主義法學 judicial pragmaticism
實在法 positive law
實在法學 positive jurisprudence
實在法學派 positivist
實在主義法學 positivist jurisprudence
實證法學 positive jurisprudence
實質條款 material stipulation
實質性的瑕疵 defect of substance
實質性解釋 material interpretation
事實的推定 presumption of fact
事業單位：institution
適用法律 reference to the law; applicable law
適用範圍 area of application; sphere of application
適用中國法律：be governed by the law of prc (the law of prc shall apply to)
溯及既往原則 doctrine of retroactivity
溯及力 retrospect; retrospective effect
損害賠償 damages
梭倫 solon
彈性憲法 elastic constitution
特別程式 special procedure
特別但書 special proviso
特別法 special law
特殊主體 special subject
提案motion; overture; proposal
提出抗辯 raise a plea; raise a plead
條約法 law of treaties
同態復仇 retaliation
推定合法presumption of legality
停止生效cease to have effect
外國法 foreign law
外國法制史 foreign legal history
外國人待遇 foreigner treatment
完全民事權利能力：full capacity for civil conduct
完全喪失行為能力的人 person entirely incapable of legal transaction
完全無行為能力 absolute disability
萬民法 jus gentium
違法構成要件 essential condition of delict
違憲 violation of constitution
烏爾比安 ulpianus
無國籍人：stateless persons
無條件解釋 unconditional interpretation
無效的法律 void law
無效法律行為 void act; act without legal effect
物權 property
西塞羅 marcus tullius cicero
習慣法custom law
細則 detailed rules and regulations; details by-laws
狹義解釋 narrow definition
下文另有規定者除外 except as hereinafter provided
先決條件 precedent condition; prerequisite
現實主義法學 realism jurisprudence
現行法律 current law; existing law
限制解釋 restrictive interpretation
憲法的解釋 interpretation of constitution
憲法修正案 constitution amendment
憲法學 constitutional jurisprudence
相對主義法學 relativist jurisprudence
新分析法學 new analytical jurisprudence
新律 new law , novellae
行為規範 code of conduct
學說編纂 the pandekta
形式主義法學 formalist jurisprudence
亞里士多德 aristotle
嚴格解釋 strict interpretation
嚴重不法行為 aggravated misconduct; gross misbehavior
嚴重違法 break the law on a serious scale
要件 important condition; essential condition
一般客體 general object
一般權利能力 general legal capacity
一般主體 general subject
一事不再理的保證 guarantee against double jeorpardy
依法辦案 handle cases according to law
依法獨立行使職權 independent exercise of powers within the framework of the law
依照法律的規定 as prescribed by law
以法律為準繩 take law as the criterion
依法治國 genuine rule of law; running the country according to law
義務性規範 obligatory rule
義務主體 subject of duty
英美法系 anglo-american legal system
永恆法 eternal law
優士丁尼法典 the codex justinianus
優士丁尼皇帝 justinian
《優士丁尼民法大全》（《國法大全》）corpus juris civilis
有法必依 ensure that laws are observed
有法律約束力 legally binding
有條件解釋 conditional interpretation
有效期間 time of effect; term of validity
與法律規定不符 against the forms of the statute
與法律相牴觸的行為act going against the law
域外效力 extraterritorial effect
援引法律條文 invoke a legal provision
（古羅馬的）元老院 the senate
約束力 binding; binding effect
在法律的範圍內 within the law
暫行條例interim regulations; provisional regulation
整體法學 integrative jurisprudence
正當權益 justified rights; legitimate interests
正式解釋 official interpretation
正式淵源 formal source
政法學院 institute of political science and law
知法犯法 deliberately break the law
執法必嚴 ensure that law’s enforcement be strict
執法人員 law enforcement officials
執行權 enforcement power
直接故意 actual intent; direct intent
直接後果 immediate consequence
直接客體 direct object
直接主體 direct subject
制定法 statute
制憲權constituent power
治外法權 extraterritoriality; extraterritorial jurisdiction
中端時效 interrupt the running of the statute of limitation
中國大陸的法律 law of china’s mainland
中國法制 chinese legal system
中國法制史 chinese legal history
中國特色的社會主義法制 socialist legal system with chinese character
中華法系 chinese legal system
《中華人民共和國香港特別行政區基本法》the basic law of hong kong special administrative region of the people’s republic of china
主要法律體系principal legal system
自然法 natural law
自然法學派 natural law school
組成合議庭開庭審理：form a collegial panel to conduct the trial
最高國家權力機關 highest organ of state power
最高人民法院的解釋 interpretation of supreme people’s court
遵循先例原則 the doctrine of stare
作為或不作為 act or omission