常用的祝福語知多少？
[觀察分析]
1. good luck!祝你好運！
2. good luck with your trip!祝你旅途順利。
3. i wish you good luck /success! 祝你好運/成功！
4. good journey !旅途愉快！
5. have a good trip !旅途愉快！
6. have a nice/good time .玩得愉快！
7. i’d congratulate you on your success!祝賀你成功。
[思考歸納]
祝福語一般用什麼句式？是什麼語氣，什麼意思？
回答 ：祝福語一般用祈使句。一般表示說話人對於對方的一種_______。
instead與instead of有何區別？
[觀察分析]
1. he is tired, and let me do it instead.他累了，讓我代做吧 。
2. if we can’t go to nanjing ,we’ll to go to shanghai instead. 如果我們不能去南京，那就去上海。
3. i can go to the meeting instead of my sick brother. 我可以代我生病的兄弟去開會。
4. she went to school instead of staying at home. 他沒呆在家裡而是去上學了。
5. i like chinese instead of maths.我喜歡語文，而不是數學。
6. it will take days by car, so let’s fly instead.開車去要好幾天，我們還是坐飛機吧。
7. instead of lending a hand, he laughed at us.他不僅沒有幫我們，反而嘲笑我們。
8. we’ll have tea in the garden instead of in the house.我們將在庭園裡而不是在房子裡喝茶。
[思考歸納]
1． instead 和instead of 分別是什麼詞性和意思？
回答：instead 是_____,表示________；instead of 是介詞詞組，表示_________。
2． 如何使用這兩個詞組？
回答：instead 位置比較靈活，可放在_________.instead of 後面一般可跟名詞、______、形容詞、________等。
be sure ,be sure of ，be sure to do,make sure
[觀察分析]
1. i am sure that we can overcome all the difficulties.我肯定我們能戰勝一切困難。
2. he is always sure of his success.他一直對自己的成功很有信心。
3. our team is sure to win the game.我們隊一定會贏得這場比賽。
4. it’s sure to rain soon.天一定要下雨了。
5. we are not sure what to do next. 我們不肯定接下來做什麼。
6. can we be sure of his honesty？我們能夠確定他是誠實的嗎？
7. we should make sure that all the windows and the doors are closed when we leave.我們應該確定在我們離開之前要把所有的門窗關好。
8. make sure that the thief don’t escape. 當心那個賊跑掉。
[思考歸納]
1. 這些詞組分別是什麼意義？
回答：be sure 表示對某件事情有_______。be sure of 表示對某人或是某物有_______. be sure to do 表示說話人對主語做某事有_________某人或是某物一定能做某事。make sure 表示_________。
2．這些詞組分別如何使用？
回答：be sure後面一般可跟_________例如that,when，where等引導的從句。be sure of 後面一般跟_________________作賓語。be sure to 後面跟的是_________.make sure 後面一般跟_________。例如 that when等引導的從句，從句的時態往往用現在時態。
hurt ，wound ，injure 同樣是“傷”，意義有別
觀察分析
1. he hurt his back when he fell.他摔倒的時候背摔壞了。
2. the old lady was hurt by his words.那個老太太被他的話傷害了。
3. he got wounded in the fighting.他在打動中受傷了。
4. he died of a shoot wound in the war.在那次戰爭中，他死於槍傷。
5. the passenger was badly injured in the car accident.那個乘客在車禍中嚴重受傷。
6. my shoes are so tight that my feet hurt.我的鞋太小了，腳都疼了。
7. you will injure your health by smoking too much.你吸菸太多，有傷身體。
8. his failure injured his pride.他的失敗傷了他的自尊。
9. i didn’t mean to hurt your feelings.我沒想要傷害你的感情。
10. he was wounded in the leg.他的腿負傷了。
[思考歸納]
hurt,wound，injure意義有什麼不同？
三者都可表示受傷，傷害。hurt可指對身體上的傷害，也指對______造成的傷害。wound一般指外傷，如______________等，尤其指在戰爭中，打鬥中受傷。injure 一般是指在_________中受傷。
receive和accept用法辨析
[觀察分析]
1. i received a letter from him this morning. 早上我收到了他的來信。
2. we received much help from our teachers. 我們獲得了老師很多的幫助。
3. the scientist received a warm welcome .那個科學家受到了熱烈歡迎。
4. he received a good education at school.他在學校里得到了良好的教育。
5. he accepted a present from his friend.他接受了他朋友的禮物。
6. will you accept his apology? 你會接受他的道歉嗎？
7. i can’t accept you as my assistant.我不同意你做我的助手。
8. i accept your offer.我接受你的提議。
9. the new theory is widely accepted. 這個新的理論被廣泛接受。
10. he received many gifts ,but he did not accept all of them. 他收到了很多禮物，但是他並沒有收下。
[思考歸納]
兩者的意思有何區別？
receive 指客觀上________；accept指主觀上_________.
believe和believe in 用法不一樣
[觀察分析]
1. long ago ,people believed that the world was flat.很久以前，人們相信地球是扁平的。
2. i can quite believe you .我很信得過你。
3. we believe him to be honest.我們相信他是誠實的。
4. i don’t believe in fate. 我不相信命運。
5. do you believe in the bible?你相信《聖經》嗎？
6. i don’t believe what you have said because i don’t believe in you .我不信你說的話，因為我不信任你。
[思考歸納]
believe 和believe in 在意義上有何區別？
believe一般是指相信某人_______；believe in 一般指_______某人或是對某種理論的____。
情態動詞+have done結構的含義及其運用
[觀察分析]
1. you should have finished your homework earlier.你應該早就把作業做好了的。
2. it is wet on the ground .it must have rained last night.地上濕的。昨晚一定下雨了。
3. he is a successful businessman. in the past years, he must have worked very hard.他是一個成功的商人。在過去的幾年裡，他一定工作很努力。
4. there is no light in his house. he might have gone out.他的房子裡沒有燈光。他可能出去了。
5. you are late again. you shouldn’t have got up so late. 你又遲到了。你不該起的這么晚。
6. you needn’t have lent the book to him. he has got it.你不必把書給他的。他已經有了。
7. you are not an honest girl. you ought not to have told lies to others.你不是個誠實的女孩子。你不該跟別人撒謊。
8. can’t you see the sign – no smoking ? you ought not to have smoked here .你沒看到那個標誌嗎？你不該抽菸的。
[思考歸納]
問題1.should / ought to / might /need 等 +have done 表示什麼含義並如何運用？
回答：這樣的句型常用來表示該做的/可能要做的/需要做的事情，沒有做或發生的時候；他們的否定形式表示不該做或發生的事情而___＃_____。
問題2. must +have done 什麼含義如何運用？
回答：這樣的句型常用於______：對於發生了或是已經發生的事情的猜測。
29，初探“with everyone clapping and having fun”結構
[觀察分析]
1. with the spring coming, the trees turn green.春天來了，樹木變綠了。
2. it’s impolite of you to sit with your feet pointing to others.你坐著用腳指著別人是不禮貌的。
3. he soon fell asleep with the lights still burning.他很快就睡著了，燈還亮著。
4. he lay on the grass ,with his eyes looking at the sky.他躺在草地上，眼睛看著天空。
5. the parents went out ,with their children staying at home .父母們都出去了，孩子們呆在家裡。
[思考歸納]
1. 這個結構是如何構成的？
回答：with 是_____後面跟名詞、代詞做______，然後後面再跟動詞的______形式做賓語_____。（因為賓語和動詞在邏輯上有_______關係。）
2. 這個結構在句中表示什麼意義？
回答：整個with結構在句中一般作______。例如方式狀語、伴隨狀語等。
break up和 break down 用法辯異
[觀察分析]
1. the ship broke up on the rocks.船觸礁破裂了。
2. what broke up their friendship?誰破壞了他們的友誼。
3. their marriage broke up . 他們的婚姻破裂了。
4. the police had to use force to broke up the crowd警察不得不用武力驅散人群。.
5. i am sorry to arrive late, but my car broke down halfway.抱歉我來晚了，我的車在半路上壞了。
6. the peace talks broke down without any agreement being reached.和談失敗了，沒有達成任何協定。
7. i can’t have you breaking down in health.我不能讓你的身體一天天垮下去。
8. sugar and starch are broken down in the stomach.糖和澱粉會在胃裡分解。
思考歸納
這兩個詞組分別是什麼意思？
break up 是指__________________。例如解散人群，關係破裂、某物破碎等。
break down 是指________________。例如車發生故障，計畫等失敗、身體垮了、分解物質等。
matter一詞值得一探
[觀察分析]
1. is anything the matter ? 有什麼問題嗎？
2. you look a bit pale. what’s the matter with you ? 你看起來臉色有點蒼白。 你怎么了？
3. there is an important matter i would like to talk to you about.有一件重要的事情我要跟你討論。
4. it doesn’t matter whether it rains or not tomorrow.明天是否下雨沒什麼關係的。
5. it doesn’t matter that you came late. 你來晚了沒什麼關係。
6. pain doesn’t matter to him. he is very strong.痛苦對他來說沒什麼關係。他身體很強壯。
7. it doesn’t matter to me which one you choose.對我來說你選擇哪一個都 沒關係。
8. no matter what you do ,i won’t forgive you.不管你做什麼，我都不會原諒你。
9. no matter where he is ,i will find him.不管他在哪，我都會找到他。
10. no matter how late you come, i will wait for you .不管你來得有多晚，我都會等你。
[思考歸納]
1. 當matter 用作名詞是何意義？如何使用？
回答：matter用作名詞表示_________，一般在句中用的時候要在matter的前面加上________。
2. 當matter用作動詞是和意義？如何使用？
回答：matter用作動詞表示________,一般用於否定句或是_______；後面可以跟what ，where，when ，whether等引導的從句。
3. no matter 引導的是什麼從句，在句中做什麼成分，如何來構成。
no matter 一般引導__________從句，它後面可以跟_______________________等引導的從句
to one’s surprise 結構知多少
[觀察分析]
1. to my surprise , he could escape from that big fire.令我驚訝的是，他能夠從那場大火里逃脫出來。
2. to our great surprise, our team won the football match. 令我們很吃驚的是，我們隊贏了足球賽。
3. to my joy, i could pass the difficult math exam.令我高興的是，我能 通過那次很難的數學考試。
4. to his sorrow, his whole house was destroyed in the earthquake.令他悲傷的是，他的整座房子都在地震中毀掉了。
5. to her delight, she has got a new job in the company.令她高興的是，她在那個公司里找到了一個新工作。
6. to our satisfaction, he could get the first prize in the competition. 我們滿意的是，他在比賽中獲得了一等獎。
7. to his amazement, his parents got him in such a short time.令他吃驚的是，他的父母親在那么短的時間裡就回來了。
8. to our excitement, we won the battle against the enemies.令我們激動的是，我們贏得了跟敵人的戰鬥。
[思考歸納]
to one’s surprise 類似的結構是怎樣組成的，表示什麼意義並如何使用？
回答：這樣的詞組一般是to 後面跟______ +表示感情或是情緒變化的____ ，通常表示某人的一種情緒和感情。一般在句中作 _________。
have sb do 與 have sb doing 用法比較
[觀察分析]
1. the boss often has workers work for a long time.那個老闆經常讓他的工人長時間工作。
2. i would like to have him help me to finish the work.我想讓他幫我完成那個工作。
3. who would you rather have post this letter ? 你想讓誰幫你寄這封信？
4. don’t have the machine working all the time.不要讓這個機器一直在運轉。
5. it’s impolite to have him waiting outside for such a long time.讓他在外面等這么長時間是不禮貌的。
6. you should be careful! have the fire burning till tomorrow morning.你應該小心。讓火一直燃燒到明天早上。
[思考歸納]
1. 兩個詞組分別是什麼意義？
回答：have sb do 表示_________ 與 make /let sb do 近義；have sb doing 表示_________。與keep sb doing 近義。
2. 兩個詞組在用法上有什麼不同？
回答：前者表示讓某人去做了某事，所以用________（have sb to do ）；後者表示讓某人一直做某事，所以用__________（have sb doing）
初探現在分詞作狀語
[觀察分析]
1. he came running back to tell us the news. 他跑著回來告訴我們這個訊息。
2. playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.如果你整天玩，就會浪費你的寶貴時間。
3. he husband died ,leaving her with five children.她丈夫死了，留下了她和她的五個孩子。
4. knowing that they were going there ,the students began to make preparations.當學生們知道他們要去那兒，就開始作準備了。
5. not feeling very well, he went to see the doctor.因為感到不舒服，他就去看醫生了。
6. being ill ,he didn’t go to school.因為生病，他就沒去上學。
7. being afraid of his parents, he didn’t go downstairs.因為害怕他的父母，他沒有下樓下樓。
8. reading english novels , he seldom looks up new words in a dictionary.他看小說時很少少查字典。
[思考歸納]
1. 在句中為什麼要用現在分詞做狀語？
回答：如果分詞的邏輯主語和句中的主語是________，那就用現在分詞在句中狀語。
2. 現在分詞在句中可以作什麼狀語？
回答：現在分詞在句中可以做__________________________。
35，初探what引導的名詞性從句
[觀察分析]
1. what he said is true.他說的是真的。
2. what really interested him was to travel outside. 確實能吸引他的是出去旅遊。
3. do you know what we are going to do this evening.你知道今晚我們要做什麼嗎？
4. what he does is also what i want to do . 他做的就是我想做的。
5. you are welcome. that’s what i should do .你太客氣了啊。是我應該做的。
6. he didn’t know what was the matter.他不知道發生什麼了。
7. that’s what i am doing now.那就是我現在在做的事情。
8. our city is not what it used to be .我們的城市再也不是過去的那個樣子了。
[思考歸納]
`1. what引導的名詞性從句在句中可做什麼成分？
回答：what引導的名詞性從句可以在句中做_______、________、________等。
2這些名詞性從句中，什麼時候用what來引導？
回答：首先，判斷這些從句是什麼從句，再結合中文意思，最後去分析從句的結構。what在句中可以作 ________、_________ 、________等。
in order to， in order that, so that 與 so as to用法探異
[觀察分析]
1． people must eat in order to live.人們必須吃飯才能生活。
2． he works very hard in order to support his family.他努力工作是為了養家餬口。
3． he got up very early in order to catch the first bus.他起的很早是為了趕上頭班車。
4． we should work hard in order that we can pass the exam.為了能通過考試，我們應該努力學習。
5． they talked in a very low voice in order that they could not be heard.為了不讓別人聽見他們講話，他們用很低的聲音講話。
6． in order to get home on time, he didn’t rest on his way . 為了能夠準時回到家，他在路上都沒有休息。
7． we hurried so as to be in time.我們趕緊走，好及時到。
8． speak clearly so that everybody can understand you .請說清楚點，這樣每個人都能明白你。
9． he often told lies,so that no one believe him .他經常撒謊，都沒人相信他。
10. please wear your sun glasses so that the sun won’t burn your skin.請帶上太陽眼鏡，這樣太陽就不會曬傷你的皮膚。
[思考歸納]
1. 這些詞組是什麼意思？
回答：這幾個詞組在意思是差不多的，都表示__________。
2. 這些詞組在句中作什麼成分？用法上有什麼不同？
回答：這些詞組在句中一般做狀語，表示______。so as to 和 in order to 後面一般跟________；前者引導的動詞不定式不可放在______，而後者引導的可放在______。so that 和in order that 一般後面跟_______。