聯考英語辭彙歸類複習

一、從用法上複習歸納辭彙,過語法關

英語辭彙大多具有本身詞義外,還有其語法功能,我們在複習時就不要把著眼點單純放在單詞記憶上,而 要從它們的語法功能上去把握它們。如在複習動詞時我們就要根據它們變化形式多、搭配活躍等特點,從它們的用法上進行分類記憶。這樣,既可記住辭彙,又可攻克語法難關。

1.賓語不同,意義也不同
英語中有些動詞可同時後接不定式和動名詞作賓語,但意義不同。它們是聯考試題的考查重點。這類詞主 要有:
go on doing(繼續乾同一件事) go on to do(接著去乾另一件事)
stop doing sth.(停止正在幹的事) stop to do sth.(停下來去乾某事)
regret doing(後悔幹了某事) regret to do(相當於be sorry to do)
forget/remember doing(忘記/記得已做過的事) forget/rem-ember to do(忘記/記得要幹的事)
mean doing(意味著乾…) mean to do(想乾…)try doing(嘗試做) try to do(設法做)
(95聯考)"you were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.""well,now i regret_____ ___that."
a.to do b.to be doing c.to have done d.having done
(92聯考)"i usually go there by train.""why not____________by boat for a change?"
a.to try going b.trying to go c.to try and go d.try going
(87聯考)they would not allow him_________across the line. a.to risk going b.risking going c.for risk to go d.risk going

2.都可接賓語和賓補,形式卻不同
某些動詞如forbid,advise,allow,permit,admit,consider等直接接動詞作賓語時要用動名詞,但接賓補時,賓補要用不定式。如: we forbid smoking here.(賓語)we forbid you to smoke here.(賓補)you are forbidden to smoke here.(主補)

3.賓語不同、語態不同,意義卻相同
有些詞如need,require,want,deserve等後可接不定式(要用被動形式),可接動名詞(要用主動形式表被動意義),可與worth,worthy一併記憶。兩種形式意義相同。如:the room requires to be cleaned/cleaning.
(85聯考)this sentence needs______________. a.an improvement b.improve c.improving d.improved

4.只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組
只接不定式作賓語的詞和詞組有:decide,expect,refuse,wish,hope,order,promise,pretend,offer,happen,seem,make up one's mind,used,be about,be able,have等。如:(89聯考)she pretended_______me when i passed by. a.not to see b.not seeing c.to not see d.having not seen

5.只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組
只接動名詞作賓語的詞和詞組:mind,risk,avoid,enjoy,escape,keep,suggest,appreciate,practise,delay,finish,feel like,look forward to,can't help,keep(on),miss,be usedto,excuse,be worth,imagine ,put off,give up等。如:
(92聯考)i would appreciate_________back this afternoon.a.you to call b.you call c.your calling d.you are calling
(87聯考)the squirrel was lucky that it just missed______.a.catching b.to be caught c.being caught d.to catch

6.系動詞
系動詞後可用名詞、不定式、分詞和形容詞等作表語,這類詞有:
表感觀的系動詞:look,sound,taste,smell,feel,seem,appear(這些詞用形容詞作表語)
表變化的系動詞:become,get,turn,grow,make,come,go,fall,run表依舊的系動詞:remain,keep,stay,continue,stand,rest,lie,hold
可帶名詞作表語的系動詞:be,become,make,look,sound,fall,prove,remain,turn(該詞後接的單數名詞前多不用冠詞。如:he turned teacher.)(91聯考)these oranges taste____________.a.good b.well c.to be good d.to be well

7.含"被動"意味的動詞
有些動詞,如sell,open,close,wash,teach,burn,measure,cut,lock,cost,read,write,tear,wear,pull, clean,add,cook,let(出租)等,它們的主語是事物,且又是表示主語的固有特徵和狀態,與行為方式狀語連 用時,要用主動形式表被動意義:
my pen writes smoothly.我的筆好寫。oil burns easily.油易燃燒。
(88聯考)that suit_________over 60 dollars.a.had costed b.costed c.is cost d.cost
(97聯考)"is this raincoat yours?""no,mine____________there behind the door."a.is hanging b.has hung c.hangs d.hung

8.具有兩種形式的易混動詞
中學英語教材中有些不規則動詞有兩種過去式或兩種過去分詞形式,使用或考測時極易弄混。如:
hang,hanged,hanged(絞死)hang,hung,hung(掛起)
light,lit,lit(點燃,作謂語)light,lighted,lighted(過去分詞作形容詞用時,意謂"燃燒著的",作定語)
drink,drank,drunk/drunken(喝,飲;過去分詞作形容詞同時,意謂"醉的",drunk多作表語,drunke n多作定語)
sink,sank,sunk/sunken(下沉;過去分詞sunken作形容詞用時,作定語)
bear,bore,born(出生)bear,bore,borne(結果;生育)the woman,who was born in 1940,has borne five children.[page]
lie(撒謊), lied, lied, lying lie(躺,臥,位於),lay, lain, lying
(89聯考)do you know the boy___________under the big tree? a.lay b.lain c.laying d.lying

二、從搭配上複習歸納辭彙,過習語關
英語辭彙的搭配十分活躍,複習時我們要把重點放在某些常用的動詞、名詞或介詞、副詞。我們可按下列 方式進行對比歸納。

1.常用的搭配活躍的名詞: 常用的搭配較活躍的名詞有:time,way,moment,means等。如time的搭配短語在中學教材中出現有:in no time(立刻,馬上),on time(按時),in time(及時、遲早、最終),at a time(一次),behind the times(落伍),behind time(不及時,晚點),at one time(曾經),for a time(一度),at othe r times(其它時候,平素),at times(有時候),at all times(一直,經常)
(93聯考)if you keep on,you will succeed_____________.a.in time b.at one time c.on time d.at the same time
(94聯考)don't all speak at once!___________,please.a.each at on time b.one by one time c.one for each time d.one at a time

2.常用的搭配活躍的動詞: 常用的搭配活躍的動詞有:look,take,make,give,get,have,go,do,turn,put,set,come等。複習時我們要儘量將具有相反意義的介詞、副詞與同一動詞的搭配羅列在一起對比記憶,如turn一詞:turn on(打開),turn off(關上),turn up(放大音量等;出現),turn down(放小音量等;拒絕) ,turn in(上交),turn against(反對),turn out(生產),turn away(避開)
(81聯考)would you mind__________your radio a little? a.turn off b.turning off c.to turn down d.turning down
(92聯考)readers can_______quite well without knowing the exact meaning of each word. a.get over b.get out of c.get away d.get off

3.常用的搭配活躍的介詞、副詞: 搭配活躍的介詞、副詞有:in,out,up,down,on,off,to,from,for,over,with等。複習時,我們要從不同動詞、名詞等與同一介詞、副詞搭配進行逐一過關,如on的搭配有:
①on與動詞的搭配: get on(上車/船等),live on(以…為生),feed on(以…為生),take on(接受;雇用),turn on(打開開關/電器等),look on(旁觀),spy on(偵察/窺探),call on(號召;拜訪),go on(繼續 ),have on(穿戴),dependon(依*),wait on(侍候),carry on(執行),hold on(堅持),insi st on(堅持),play tr-icks on(戲弄),fix on(注視),impress on(留下印象)
②on與名詞搭配(注意冠詞的取捨):on duty(值班),on business(因公;因事),on fire(燃燒),on show(展覽),on time(準時) ,on strike(罷工),on watch(監視,觀察),on sale(出售;大減價),on earth(到底,究竟),on journey(旅遊),on foot(步行),on purpose(故意),on the way(在路上),on the contrary(相 反),on one hand(一方面),on the right(在右邊),on the whole(總而言之),on one's own(獨自 ),on one's side(支持,站在某一方),on holiday/leave(度假/請假)
③其它情況:later on(後來),from now/then on(從現在/那時起),on account of(由於,因為)
(93聯考)we offered him our congratulations_______his passing the college entrance exams. a.at b.on c.for d.of
(91聯考)a new school was___________in the village last year. a.held up b.set up c.sent up d.brought up

三、從對比詞/詞組的同義、詞序或結構等複習歸納辭彙,過辨析關

1.動作動詞和結果動詞: 英語中有些動詞雖然意義相同,但用法不同,有的表示某個動作,而另一個則表示該動作所產生的結果,這類動詞常見的有:look for(尋找),find(找到);look(看),see(看見);listen(聽),hear(聽到);try(試 圖,不說明是否成功),manage(設法,側重做到);advise(勸告,不說明是否勸成),persuade(勸服, 側重勸成功)
(87聯考)how can you__________if you are not_________? a.listen,hearing b.hear,listening c.be listening,heard d.be hearing,listened to

2.詞序不同、意思就不同: 有少量詞組顛倒詞序後意思和用法就不同了,常見的有:before long(不久以後),long before(很久以前)turn in(上交;就寢),in turn(按次序,輪流)hand in(上交),in hand(在手邊)from far(來自遠方),far from(離得遠;遠非)much too(非常,修飾形容詞或副詞),too much(太多,修飾名詞,也可作名詞)if only(要是…),only if(只有…)all in(精疲力盡),in all(總共)good for(對…有好處),for good(永遠)
(95上海)it was__________late to catch a bus after the party,therefore we called a taxi. a.too very b.much too c.too much d.far
before long,he moved to london and made london the base for his revolutionary work.[page]
it was not long before the whole country rose up and drove the aus trians out of their homeland.

3.動詞後有無介詞,意思不同: 因有無介詞而詞義不同的動詞在中學英語教材中較多,常見的如:search(對人、物或場所搜查),search for(搜尋人、物或場所)leave(離開某地),leave for(去某地)reach(到達;拿到),reach for(伸手去拿)prepare(準備),prepare for(為…作準備)enter(進入),enter for(報名參加)run(經營;跑),run for(競選)stand(站;忍受),stand for(代表)answer(回答),answer for(負責)know(了解,知道),know about(知道關於…)pay(付錢、債給某人),pay for(付錢買某物)
the baby reached for the apple but he couldn't reach it.那嬰兒伸手去拿蘋果,但夠不到。
the mayor who used to run a small shop will run for the senate.那個曾經營過一家小店的市長準備去競選參議員。

4.有無-ly,意思和用法都不同: 這詞在教材中較多。一般來說,在形容詞後加了-ly成了副詞,但有些形容詞不加-ly時也可作副詞,因而 在使用或考測時學生常混淆不清,複習時可按用法分類記憶:
a.表具體(無-ly)和抽象(有-ly)的區別:wide(寬廣),widely(廣泛地)deep(深),deeply(深深地)high(高,位置高),highly(高度地)low(位置低),lowly(地位卑微)
b.有無-ly,意思不同:near(近,附近),nearly(幾乎)hard(努力),hardly(幾乎不)most(大部分),mostly(主要地)like(象…一樣),likely(大概,也許)dear(昂貴),dearly(深切地;昂貴地)close(*近地),closely(密切地)late(遲到),lately(最近)bad(壞),badly(惡劣地;嚴重地)

5.合寫與分寫時意思不同:這類詞在拼法上一樣,但合寫和分寫在用法和意義上卻不同,常見的詞有:sometime(某個時候),some time(一段時間)sometimes(有時),some times(幾次)everyday(adj."日常的",作定語),every day(每天)anyway(adv.無論怎樣),any way(以任何方式)altogether(總共,完全),all together(一道,一起)already(已經),all ready(都已準備好)everyone(每個人,指人,不可接of短語),every one (每個人或物,後可接of短語)none(沒有,可指人或物),no one(沒有,專指人)
(95聯考)they were all very tired,but_____of them would stop to take a rest. a.any b.some c.none d.neither

6.差了一個字母a,意思大不同: 這類詞不多,但在練習中極易出錯,使?在練習中ec淆,因而要從用法和意義上加以辨別。如:
alive(adj."活著的",作表語),live(adj.修飾物,作定語:a live fire)
alone(adj.,adv."獨自",作形容詞時作表語),lone(adj."孤獨的;偏僻的",作定語)
asleep(adj."熟睡的",常作表語),sleep(v.,n.睡著)
awake(adj.,v."醒著;叫醒",作形容詞時作表語),wake(v.叫醒)
alike(adj."相象的",表語形容詞),like(v.,prep.,adj.喜歡;象…一樣)
arise(vi.產生;發生;出現),rise(vi.起來;上漲;上升)
across(prep.,adv.穿過;橫過),cross(v.穿過;橫過)
await(vt."等候",直接接賓語),wait(vi."等候",不及物動詞)
aloud(adv."大聲地",與read,call,cry等連用,無比較級形式),loud(adv."大聲地,響亮地", 常與talk,speak,shout,laugh等詞連用)
注意:有a-的形容詞常作表語,作定語時則要後置。如:it's difficult for the man awake to fall asleep again.

四、歸納易拼錯的常用詞,過拼寫關
歸納易拼錯的常用詞如:quarrel,immerdiately,camera,umbrella,envelope,develop,popular,republic ,public,appreciate,pronunciation等,攻克單詞拼寫難關。