part ii reading comprehension （35 minutes）
directions: there are 4 reading passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a), b), c） and d）. you should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
passage 1
opinion polls are now beginning to show that, whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on, high unemployment is probably here to say. this means we shall have to find ways of sharing the available employment more widely.
but we need to go further. we must ask some fundamental questions about the future work. should we continue to treat employment as the norm? should we not rather encourage many ways for self-respecting people to work? should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves, rather than for an employer? should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood, as well as the factory and the office, as centers of production and work?
the industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most people's work has taken the form of jobs. the industrial age may now becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed.this seems a daunting thought. but, in fact, it could offer the prospect of a better future for work. universal employment, as its history shows, has not meant economic freedom.
employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of the use of the land, and thus of the means to provide a living for themselves. then the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from people's homes. later, as transport improved, first by rail and then by road, people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until, eventually, many people's work lost all connection with their home lives and the places in which they live.
meanwhile, employment put women at a disadvantage. in preindustrial times, men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village community. now it became customary for the husband to go out to paid employment, leaving the unpaid work of the home and families to his wife. tax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today, and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes.
it was not only women whose work status suffered.as employment became the dominant form of work, young people and old people were exclude—a problem now, as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives.
all this may now have to change.
the time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal creating jobs for all, to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full-time jobs.
1. what is the main idea of the passage?
a.employment became widespread in the 17th and 18th centuries.
b.unemployment will remain a major problem for industrialized nations.
c.the industrial age may now be coming to an end.
d.some efforts and resources should be devoted to helping more people cope with the problem of unemployment.
2. which of the following was not mentioned as a factor contributing to the spread of employment?
a.the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries.
b.the development of factories.
c.relief from housework on the part of women.
d.development of modern means of transportation.
3. it can be inferred from the passage that .
a.most people who have been polled believe that the problem of unemployment may not be solved within a short period of time
b.many farmers lost their land when new railways and factories were being constructed
c.in perindustrial societies housework and community service were mainly carried out by women
d.some of the changes in work pattern that the industrial age brought have been reversed
4. what does the word “daunting" in the third paragraph mean?
a.shocking
b.interesting
c.confusing
d.stimulating
5. which of the following is not suggested as a possible means to cope with the current situation?
a.create situations in which people work for themselves.
b.treat employment as the norm.
c.endeavor to revive the household and the neighborhood as centers of production.
d.encourage people to work in circumstances other than normal working conditions.
passage 2
university physics is intended for students of science and engineering. primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving; historical background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance. many worked-out examples and an extensive collection of problems are included with each chapter.
in this new edition, the basic philosophy and outline and the balance between depth of treatment and breadth of subject-matter coverage are unchanged from previous editions. we have tried to preserve those features that users of previous editions have found desirable, while incorporating a number of changes that should enhance the book's usefulness.
the textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course outlines. the entire textbook can be used for an intensive course two or three semesters in length. for a less intensive course, many instructors will want to omit certain chapters or sections to tailor the book to their individual needs. the arrangement of this edition facilitates this kind of flexibility.
conversely, however, many topics that were regarded a few years ago as of peripheral (外圍的)importance and were omitted from introductory courses have now come to the fore again in the life sciences, earth and space sciences, and environmental problems. an instructor who wishes to stress these kinds of applications will find this textbook a useful source for discussion of the appropriate principles.
in any case, it should be emphasized that instructors should not feel constrained (受約束的)to work straight through the book from cover to cover. many chapters are, of course, inherently sequential in nature, but within this general limitation instructors should be encouraged to select among the contents those chapters that fit their needs, omitting material that is not relevant to the objectives of a a particular course.
6. this textbook lays stress on .
a.the exposition of physical principles
b.the principles of physics and their application
c.the development of physics
d.the application of physics in different fields
7. compared with the old one, this new edition .
a.has been made more applicable
b.is easier to learn
c.covers a wider range of subject-matter
d.has improved the balance between theory and practice
8. one of the features of this textbook is that .
a.some contents are dealt with in terms of philosophy
b.it has an outline for each chapter
c.it introduces the physical principles in great length
d.it can be used for different course arrangements
9. the underlined words “conversely, however” (para.4) indicate that .
a.many topics can be emphasized though they were not covered in the old edition
b.many topics can be emphasized though they were usually omitted by instructors
c.many topics have been added to the new edition as they were not covered in the old one
d.many topics have been added to the new edition though they can be omitted by the instructors
10. to meet the needs of a particular course, the teacher of this book can omit some of the contents provided that .
a.his selection is based on the request of his students
b.he does not omit any chapter completely
c.his students are particularly intelligent
d.he keeps an eye on the internal relations between the chapters
passage 3
hamletfish are cautious lovers. each evening at twilight, many times an evening in fact, a pair of them will leave the safety of their caribbean reef and rush a few yards off the seafloor. positioning themselves side-to-side, head-to-tail they hurriedly release their eggs and sperm. then they turn sharply for home, leaves their gametes to mix in silence.
ichthyologist phillip lobel of the woods hole oceanographic institution has found that hamlet fish and many other fish emit “cries of ecstasy" at the appropriate moment.
biologists have long known that a few fish make sounds. the toadfish, for example, is named for its low call, which can be heard even above water. underwater, however, human ears don't work well. as a result researchers didn't notice how common fish calls were until lobel started diving with a video camera and an underwater microphone like the kind the navy uses to listen for submarines.
lobel has learned that the fish playing the role of the male-hamletifish switches roles from one tryst to the next-emits a series of short, low sounds. the female responds with a downward, sweeping sound like a slide whistle. the purpose to these calls, says lobel, is probably to synchronize spawning, so that sperm and egg have a fighting chance of actually meeting in the water.
then, at the moment of spawning, the female flutters her pectoral fins, contracts her abdominal muscles to squeeze out the eggs, and lets out a soft cry, which in part may simply be the sound of her swim bladder vibrating from all that muscle contraction. “the sound is not a scream, it's only as loud as conversation," says lobel.
lobel has since recorded sounds from about two dozen other fish species. he thinks fish calls, like some birdcalls, may be a means by which fish recognize suitable mates, and that fish of the same species may even communicate in regional dialects. “lots of people sit and watch their little fish in their aquarium," lobel says, “well, it's like looking at a birdcage behind sound-proof glass. these things are all making sounds."
11. the primary purpose of this passage is to .
a.refute a misconception that fish don't make sounds
b.prove a new discovery
c.explain the time when hamletfish make sounds
d.demonstrate the fact that fish are romantic as human beings
12. which of the following is not true about fish calls according to this passage?
a.fish calls are commonly regarded as rare.
b.some of sounds produced by fish are not uttered from their mouths.
c.fish calls may be a means by which fish found their mates.
d.no sounds can be heard from fish if a person stands on the ground.
13. which of the following best explains “the appropriate moment" for fish to emit cries of ecstasy mentioned in the first paragraph?
a.when phillip lobel was under the water with a video camera and a microphone.
b.when one fish has a tryst with another.
c.when the sperm and egg of the fish have a chance to meet in the water.
d.when fish are spawning.
14. which of the following is a correct inference from the passage?
a.few biologists have the idea fish may produce sounds underwater.
b.a person underwater may clearly hear the call of another person's above water.
c.lobel's original intention to do the experiment was to test whether hamletfish would produce mating calls.
d.a hamletfish may play the roles of both male and female at different times.
15. the author mentioned birdcalls in the last paragraph in order .
a.to demonstrate that birds can be classified into certain fish species
b.to illustrate that birds, just like fish, produce calls to find their mates
c.to prove birdcalls are more common than fishcalls
d.to further explain that fish is a kind of animal that may also make sounds when necessary
passage 4
with human footprints on the moon, radio telescopes listening for messages from alien creatures (who may or may not exist), technicians looking for celestial (天體的)and planetary sources of energy to support our civilization, orbiting telescopes' data hinting at planetary systems around other stars, and political groups trying to figure out how to save humanity from nuclear warfare that would damage life and elimate on a planet-wide scale, an astronomy book published today enters a world different from the one that greeted books a generation ago. astronomy has broadened to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious future in the universe. with eclipese and space missions broadcast live, and with nasa(［美國］國家航空和宇宙航行局)，europe, and the ussr (蘇聯)planning and building permanent space stations, astronomy offers adventure for all people, an outward exploratory thrust that may one day be seen as an alternative to mindless consumerism, ideological bickering (爭吵)，and wars to control dwinding resources on a closed, finite earth.
today's astronomy students not only seek an up-to-date summary of astronomical facts: they ask, as people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. they may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors: philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the arts and religion.
science fiction writers and special effect artists on recent films help today's students realize that unseen worlds of space are real places—not abstract concepts. today's students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos than conceptualized by students of a decade ago.
in designing this edition, the wadsworh editors and i have tried to respond to these developments. rather than jumping at the start into murky waters of cosmology (宇宙論)，i have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on earth and worked outward across the universe. this method of organization automatically (if loosely) reflects the order of humanity's discoveries about astronomy and provides a unifying theme of increasing distance and scale.
16. this passage is most probably taken from .
a.an article of popular science
b.the introduction of a book of astronomy
c.a lecture given by the author to astronomy students
d.the preface of a piece of science fiction
17. the author's purpose in presenting the first paragraph is .
a.to explain the background and new features of today's astronomy
b.to discuss in detail the most recent achievements in space research
c.to introduce some newly established space stations
d.to illustrate that the world today is different in many aspects from that of a generations ago
18. the author thinks that the growing interest in space exploration among people on earth will probably lead to .
a.all people having chances of travelling in space
b.the realization of permanent settlement on other planets
c.more disturbance not only on earth but also in outer space
d.orders, harmony and peace on our planet earth
19. the author believes that today's astronomy students .
a.are much brighter than students of a generation ago
b.no longer care about astronomical facts
c.are better-informed about the unseen worlds of space
d.may learn more about man and his research in various fields through the study of astronomy
20. in the last paragraph, the underlined expression “these developments” refers to all of the following except .
a.the development of science fiction and special effects of films
b.the new concepts about the universe acquired by today's astronomy students
c.the world-wide involvement in space exploration
d.humanity's new achievements in the field of astronomy
part iii vocabulary (20 minutes)
directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a), b), c） and d）. choose the one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
21. to call the music of another music- culture “primitive" is one's own standards on a group that doesn't recognize them.
a.putting
b.forcing
c.emphasizing
d.imposing
22. by computation, he estimated that the repairs on the house would cost him a thousand dollars.
a.coarse
b.rough
c.crude
d.rude
23. dogs are praised for their : they almost never abandon their master.
a.faith
b.loyalty
c.trust
d.confidence
24. no one can achieve great success by relying on enthusiasm.
a.moment
b.timely
c.momentary
d.momentary
25. i was by their kindness and moved to tears.
a.preoccupied
b.embarrassed
c.overwhelmed
d.counseled
26. in the past, most pilots have been men, but today, the number of women this field is climbing.
a.pursuing
b.devoting
c.registering
d.furthering
27. we looked for a table to sit down, but they were all .
a.reserved for
b.engaged in
c.used up
d.taken up
28. after the jazz concert, the clean-up crew found the campus with candy wrappers, bottles and cans.
a.littered
b.covered
c.scattered
d.dispersed
29. i could see that my wife was having that fur coat, whether i approved of it or not.
a.intent on
b.adequate for
c.short of
d.deficient in
30. as an excellent shooter, peter praised aiming at both targets and moving targets.
a.stable
b.standing
c.still
d.stationary
31. to obtain a satisfactory result, you must apply two of paint on a clean surface.
a.coats
b.levels
c.times
d.courses
32. tony was a shy boy, so he tried to answering questions in the class.
a.prevent
b.avoid
c.escape
d.hesitate
33. it is now possible to record the existence of many stars which are invisible.
a.repeatedly
b.heavily
c.permanently
d.remarkably
34. people of all countries are expected to the principles of the united nations.
a.inspect
b.hold up
c.uphold
d.hold off
35. although the pay is not good, people usually find social work in other ways.
a.payable
b.respectful
c.grateful
d.rewarding
36. mr. john had given no that he was intending to resign. so we were surprised to find his office empty.
a.direction
b.symptom
c.information
d.indication
37. she never to read the news but turned at once to the crossword on the last page.
a.indulged
b.troubled
c.exerted
d.frustrated
38. a man should be innocent of a crime until he is proved guilty.
a.resumed
b.referred
c.regarded
d.presumed
39. they had either to fight or to surrender and had no other .
a.hope
b.alternative
c.approach
d.resource
40. although the hazards of space travel are many, the rewards made it a worthwhile .
a.endeavor
b.expenditure
c.execution
d.expedition
41. he stubbornly her relationship with other people.
a.prevailed
b.prohibited
c.hindered
d.forbade
42. while both plans were perfectly sensible, only one seemed in china's particular situation.
a.useful
b.available
c.feasible
d.desirable
43. jones and edwards are, the producer and direct or of the famous movie.
a.alternatively
b.respectively
c.respectfully
d.respectably
44. experiments enable young scientists to judge what must be accepted and what must be viewed with .
a.belief
b.curiosity
c.suspicion
d.doubt
45. from ancient times, the valley of the nile has been made by the river floods.
a.famous
b.deserted
c.attractive
d.fertile
46. people view the public school system, as an educational ladder, from elementary school to high school and finally college undergraduate and graduate programs.
a.arising
b.raising
c.originating
d.initiating
47. the audience disliked the film thoroughly and were by whistling and stamping the feet.
a.protecting
b.protesting
c.refusing
d.proposing
48. she prefers to have her left photographed, she says that's her better side.
a.veil
b.profile
c.fringe
d.view
49. the magician picked several persons from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.
a.by accident
b.at random
c.on occasion
d.on average
50. so many people turned out for the meeting that there were not enough seats to them all.
a.count
b.account
c.accommodate
d.delegate
答案：
1.分析與解答：文章首末段呼應點題，故答案應選d
2.分析與解答：文章第四段首句便提到了工作普及的三點原因，沒有提到c，所以選項應為c。
3.分析與解答：根據第三段第二句話“the industrial age nay mow becoming to an end, and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversed。”可排除選項d；根據第四段可知兩個結果發生在不同時期，所以可以排除c；根據第五段第二句話可以排除b；根據第一段內容可推出選項應為a。
4.分析與解答：此詞出現在第三段第三句話。通過第四句話“但實際上它可以為工作提供一個更好的前景。”中的轉折含義可以斷定最接近的詞義應為a。
5.分析與解答：文章第三段提出了解決辦法，故選b。
6.分析與解答：答案為b，細節題。第一段作者明確指出：“primary emphasis is on physical principles and problem-solving; historical
background and specialized practical applications have been given a place of secondary importance”，可見b)為正確答案。而a)和
d)不全面；c)只是書中的內容而不是重點
7.分析與解答：答案為a，細節題。第二段指出：新版有“a number of changes that should enhance the book's usefulness”，由此可見a)為正確答
案。而b)未提及；c)和d)與原文第二段第一句相矛盾。
8.分析與解答：答案為d，細節題。a)，b)和c)均未在文中提及。根據第三段第一句話“the textbook is adaptable to a wide variety of course
outlines”，我們可以看出d)為正確答案。
9.分析與解答：答案為b，推理題。在文中第三段第三句，作者談到導師對本書的某些章節可根據個人需要而省略，在第四段中作者又說“... many
topics that were regarded a few years ago as of peripheral importance and were omitted from introductory courses have now
come to the fore again in the life sciences, earth and space sciences, and environmental problems”，作者很顯然在暗示某些導師
習慣省略的話題現在又變得重要了，可以重新強調了，可見b)為正確答案。
10.分析與解答：答案為d，細讀最後一段“many chapters are, of course, inherently sequential in nature, but within this general limitation instructors should be encouraged to select among the contents those chapters that fit their needs, omitting material that is not relevant for the objectives of a particular course”，可知d)為正確答案。而a)，b)和c)在文中均未提及。
11.分析與解答：文章第二段提到phillip lobel的發現，接著幾段描述了他是如何記錄下魚的聲音的，即證明自己的發現，所以應選b。
12.分析與解答：第三段第二句話提到“the toadfish......for its low call, which can be heard even above water.”所以應選d。
13.分析與解答：應把第一段、二段、五段聯繫起來回答這個問題，特別是第五段第一句話提示我們答案應為d。
14.分析與解答：文章第四段第一句話提到“hamletfish switches roles from one tryst(約會)to the next。”故答案為d。
15.分析與解答：文章末段第二句寫的是“like some birdcalls.”，目的是以鳥叫說魚叫，所以答案應選d。
16.分析與解答：答案為b，推理題。綜觀全文，尤其是從最後一段第一句中的“in designing this edition, the wadsworh editors and i have tried
to respond to these developments…”可推知，本文是某部天文學著作的導言部分，故選b)，而a)，c)及d)與原文內容不符。
17.分析與解答：答案為a，推理題。根據第一段倒數第二“astronomy has broadened to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious futere in the universe”可推知，第一段的作用在於提供天文學發展的歷史背景和現在發展的新特點，故選a)。而b)與原文明顯不符；c)原文未提及
；d)中的論述雖然與原文第一段第一句的後半部分“an astronomy book published today enters a worl different from the one that
greeted books a generation ago”相符，但這僅是文中的細節，而不能概括整段的意思。
18.分析與解答：答案為d，細節題。根據第一段最後一句“…an outward exploratory thrust that may one day be seen as an alternative to
mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite earth”，可以看出正
確答案為d)。其他選項與原文明顯不符。
19.分析與解答：答案為d，根據第二段“today's astronomy students not only seek an up-to-date summary of astronomical facts:they ask, as
people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. they may study astronomy partly to seek
points of contact between science and other human endeavors: philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the
arts and religion”，可以看出正確答案為d)。其他選項與原文明顯不符。
20.分析與解答：答案為a，細節題。選項b)與第三段第二句“today's students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos than conceptualized by students of a decade ago”相符；c)與第一段最後一句中的“…astronomy offers adventure for all people, an outward
exploratory thrust that may one day be seen as an alternative…”相符；而d)與第二段第一句“today's asfronomy students not
only seek an up-to-date summary of astronomical facts”明顯相符。而a)原文未提及，故選a。
21.分析與解答：“impose on”為固定詞組，意思為“加之於”，所以選d。
22.分析與解答：全句意思是“根據粗略的計算，他估計修房子要花一千美元。”與“estimate”相對應的應為“rough computation”，四個詞都有“粗魯的，無禮的”意思，但只有 rough有“約略的，大約”的意見，所以選b。
23.分析與解答：這是一道釋義參照型題，冒號後的句子是對空格部分的解釋，永不拋棄主人是 “loyalty”忠誠的表現，所以選b。
24.分析與解答：正確選項c。瞬間的，短暫的。考近義及形似詞的區別。名子大意：靠一時的熱情，誰也不能獲得巨大的成功。
25.分析與解答：這是一道因果參照題，“moved to tears”的原因是“over whelmed by their kindness”被他們的善良所感動，而a迷住，b尷尬。d建議
，都不恰當，所以應選c。
26.分析與解答：句意是從事飛行員工作的女性人數在增長。答案為a pursuing，意思為追求，做，而 devote則與to連用。
27.分析與解答：這是一道轉折參照型題。句意為我們想找個桌子坐下來，可桌子都被占著，d take up有占據、占用的意思，所以應選d。
28.分析與解答：句意是：爵士音樂會後，清潔工發現校園裡零亂地堆滿糖紙、瓶罐。litter sth with sth是固定詞組，意思是使零亂，亂丟雜物，所以應選a。
29.分析與解答：be intent, on是固定詞組，意思為熱衷的，根據語境，應選a。
30.分析與解答：這是一道反義參照型題。根據句意，與“moving targets”移動句式相對應的應該是 “stationary targets”固定靶。stationary有固定
的、非移動的含義，所以答案 為d。
31.分析與解答：固定搭配。coat有“二層”的含義，主要指一次塗於表面的油漆或其他物質，句中與 paint搭配，所以選a。
32.分析與解答：這是一道因果參照題，句意是：托尼是個害羞的男孩，所以他避免在課堂上回答問題，答案為b。
33.分析與解答：句子意思是：現在，記錄那些長期以來看不見的星星的存在已成為可能，根據語境，應選擇c。
34.分析與解答：根據句意：所有國家的人民都應贊成聯合國的原則。可以推斷答案應選c，其他選項詞境，為a檢查，b延擱，阻滯，d保持距離。
35.分析與解答：這是一道轉折參照題，空格處含義應為“the pay is not good”意思相反，所以答案為d rewarding.其他選項詞義為a應付的，可付的，b敬重的，c感激的。
36.分析與解答：這是一道因果參照題，我們驚奇的原因是john沒有給出任何暗示，答案應選d。
37.分析與解答：全句意思是:他從不費神去看新聞,而是直接翻到最後一頁做字迷題，根據語境應選b。
38.分析與解答：全句意思是：一個人在未證實有罪前應該被認為是無辜的。根據語境，應選擇d以為，認定，假定。
39.分析與解答：這是一道釋意參照題，“and”前後意思一致，全句意思是：他們要么打仗，要么投降，沒有其他選擇。根據語境應選b。其他選擇意為：a希望，c接近，d資源。
40.分析與解答：答案為a。endeavor，努力，盡力。expenditure花費，execution實現，完成，expedition(為一確定目的所做的)遠征。
41.分析與解答：b、d都是禁止的意思，所以排除；a和c中，c表示阻礙更符合句意，所以選c。全句意思是：他固執地阻礙她和其他人的關係。
42.分析與解答：全句意思是：兩個計畫都很有道理，但只有一個在中國特殊環境下更加可行。應選c feasible，可實行的，其他選項意思為：a有用的，b
可獲得的，d令人想往的。
43.分析與解答：全句意思是：瓊斯和愛德華分別是這部著名影片的製片人和導演。a交替的，b分別的，c尊敬的，d可尊敬的，根據語境，應選擇b。
44.分析與解答：這是一道反義參照題，“and”前後應意思相反，故應選c。
45.分析與解答：fertile意為肥沃的，為正確答案。
46.分析與解答：這是一道同現題，只要找出與“as an educational ladder”同意的詞即可，所以答案選a。
47.分析與解答：這是一道釋義參照題，空格處的詞應與dislike一致，而且是by whistling and stamping the feet的概括，所以選b，抗議。
48.分析與解答：profile是側影的意思，與“better side”相對應，故選b。
49.分析與解答：at random是固定搭配，意為隨機地。
50.分析與解答：正確選項c。容納。考具體語境中的詞義。count:數，計數；account：解釋；delegate：代表。