directions:there are four reading passages in this part. each passage is followed by some questions. for each question there are four suggested answers marked a,b,c and d.you should choose the one best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a pencil.
passage 1
david thomson is an electronics technician, trained by the u.s. navy, wrist is surrounded by a force field that can broadcast emotions to other human beings. the ability to receive such force fields, thomson believes, explains how one can sense another's fear, nervousness, aggression, panic, or friendliness.
this theory of emotional communication occurred to thomson when he told a psychiatrist（精神病醫生）, dr. jack ward, that he was certain his own hypertension（高血壓，過度緊張） made those near him uncomfortable. to demonstrate the theory, thomson constructed a transmitter capable of generating an electromagnetic field similar to that of a man beset by hyper anxiety（過度焦慮）. for a year, with this in his pocket, thomson made people miserable. he would find a hungry man delightedly preparing to eat a steak in a restaurant, turn on the transmitter, and watch as the man became tense and irritable and finally left with his steak uneaten. in another test, thomson cleared a crowded room in fifteen minutes. such an exodus（出去） could not be due, thomson observed, to personality problems alone.
dr. ward, who had become thomson's partner, insisted that there was already misery enough in the world.thomson fashioned a "happiness transmitter," which can duplicate the force field of a contented man. university psychologists in the united states report some encouraging results in current tests of the thomson-and-ward transmitter.
the "happiness machine" has many possibilities. thomson has speculated on its use near disturbed or anxious patients in hospitals, and in unruly crowds. tranquility（平靜）, like panic and violence, may be contagions（傳染性的）.
1. the theory is based on belief in the existence of .
a.complicated equipment
b. individual force fields
c. nervousness
d.aggression
2. the theory occurred to thomson because he was convinced that people near him .
a.could hypnotize him
b. could make him feel uncomfortable
c. were reading his thoughts
d were affected by his hypertension
3. for his first demonstrations, thomson chose people who .
a.were in a happy mood
b. seemed hyper anxious
c. were aggressive
d.both b and c
4. the thomson-and-ward transmitter was constructed because .
a.university psychologists suggested it
b. the "misery machine" had not worked
c. dr. ward felt there was misery enough
d.police forces asked for it
5. thomson has speculated on .
a.some helpful uses of a "happiness machine"
b. possible wrongful uses of a "happiness machine"
c. the disadvantages of a tranquil population
d.the final report on the psychologists' tests
passage 2
just 30 years ago some 700 million people lived in cities. today the number stands at 1,800 million, and by the end of the century it will to 3,000 million—more than half the world's estimated population. by the year 2000 an estimated 650 million people will crowd into 60 cities of five million or more—three quarters of them in the developing worl d.only a single first world city—metropolitan tokyo, which will have 24 million people—is expected to be among the global top five; london, ranked second in 1950 with ten million people, will not even make 2000's top 25.in places where rates of natural population increase exceed three per cent annually—meaning much of the third world—that alone is enough to double a city's population within 20 years. but equally powerful are the streams of hopeful migrants from the countryside.
what faces and confuses urban planners is the huge scale of these trends. there have never been cities of 30 million people, let alone ones dependent on roads, sewer and water supplies barely adequate for urban areas a tenth that size. and the flood of new arrivals in swelling third world cities far overtakes the supply of jobs—particularly as modern industries put a premium on technology rather than manpower. so it will be virtually impossible to find permanent employment for 30 to 40 per cent of the 1,000 million new city inhabitants expected by the year 2000.
despite the terrible conditions that the city newcomers face, their numbers are growing at rates as much as twice that of the cities themselves—and every step taken to improve their living conditions in the slums only attracts more migrants.
6. which of the following is the main topic of this passage?
a.the increase of world population.
b. the improvement of urban living conditions.
c. the migrants from the countryside and their unemployment.
d.the expansion of cities and its consequences.
7. the author uses tokyo as an example mainly to show that .
a.the biggest cities will still be in first world countries
b. its development speed will be greater than that of london
c. most of the biggest cities will be in the third world countries
d.japanese will keep control of the growth of big cities such as tokyo
8. which of the following is not true according to the passage?
a.over half of the world's population will move to cities by 2000.
b. the order of the world's biggest cities will be changed fundamentally by the year 2000.
c. the world population will reach about 6,000 million by 2000.
d.the poor countries will suffer more from the expansion of cities by 2000.
9. according to the last paragraph, all of the following are true except that .
a.development of modern technology will reduce the use of manpower
b. urban planers will have no past experiences to borrow
c. the growth of urban population is faster than that of cities
d.the improvement of urban living conditions is to attract more migrants from the countryside
10. the expression “put a premium on" in paragraph 3 can best be replaced by .
a.are in need of
b. devote much attention to
c. have no lack of
d.think little of
passage 3
for some time past it has been widely accepted that babies—and other creatures—learn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards"; and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. but it used also to be widely believed that effective rewards, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives" as thirst or hunger. in other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink, some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.
it is now clear that this is not so. babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results in the world with no reward except the successful outcome.
papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward" the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. so he began to study the children's response in situation where no milk was provided.he quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on" a display of lights - and indeed that they were capable of learning quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.
papousek's light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble" when the display came on. papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights that pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.
11. according to the author, babies learn to do things which .
a.are directly related to pleasure
b. will meet their physical needs
c. will bring them a feeling of success
d.will satisfy their curiosity
12. papousek noticed in his studies that a baby .
a.would make learned response when it saw the milk
b. would carry out learned movements when it had enough to drink
c. would continue the simple movements without being given milk
d.would turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drinkf.
13. in papousek's experiment babies make learned movements of the head in order to .
a.have the lights turned on
b. be rewarded with milk
c. please their parents
d.be praised
14. the babies would “smile and bubble" at the lights because .
a.the lights were directly related to some basic “drives"
b. the sight of the lights was interesting
c. they need not turn back to watch the lights
d.they succeeded in “switching on" the lights
15. according to papousek, the pleasure babies get in achieving something is a reflection of .
a.a basic human desire to understand and control the world
b. the satisfaction of certain physiological needs
c. their strong desire to solve complex problems
d.a fundamental human urge to display their learned skills
passage 4
in recent years many countries of the world have been faced with the problem of how to make their workers more productive. some experts claim the answer is to make jobs more varied.but do more varied jobs lead to greater productivity? there is evidence to suggest that while variety certainly makes the workers' life more enjoyable, it does not actually make him work harder. as far as increasing productivity is concerned, the variety is not an important factor.
other experts feel that giving the worker freedom to do his job in his own way is important and there is no doubt that this is true. the problem is that this kind of freedom cannot easily be given in the modern factory with its complicated machinery which must be used in a fixed way. thus while freedom of choice may be important, there is usually very little that can be done to create it. another important consideration is how much each worker contributes to the product he is making. in most factories the worker sees only one small part of the product. some car factories are now experimenting with having many small production lines rather than one large one, so that each worker contributes more to the production of the cars on his line. it would seem that not only is the degree of workers' contribution an important factor, therefore, but it is also one we can do something about.
to what extent more money led to greater productivity? the workers themselves certainly think this is important. but perhaps they want more money only because the work they do is so boring. money just lets them enjoy their spare time more. a similar argument may explain demands for shorter working hours. perhaps if we succeed in making their jobs more interesting, they will neither want more money, nor will shorter working hours be so important to them.
16. which of these possible factors leading to greater productivity is not true?
a.to make jobs more varied.
b. to give the worker freedom to do his job in his own way.
c. degree of work contribution.
d.demands for longer working hours.
17. why workers want more money?
a.because their jobs are too boring.
b. in order to enjoy more spare time.
c. to make their jobs more interesting.
d.to demand shorter working hours.
18. the last sentence in this passage means that if we succeed in making workers' jobs more interesting .
a.they will want more money
b. they will demand shorter working hours
c. more money and shorter working hours are important factors
d.more money and shorter working hours will not be so important to them
19. in this passage, the author tells us .
a.how to make the workers more productive
b. possible factors leading to greater efficiency
c. to what extent more money lead to greater productivity
d.how to make workers' jobs more interesting
20. the author of this passage is probably a .
a.teacher
b. worker
c. manager
d.physicist
part iii vocabulary and structure (20 minutes)
directions: there are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. for each sentence there are four choices marked a., b., c. and d. choose the one answer that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter on the answer sheet with a single line through the centre.
21. in the active form is acceptable, but not the passive.
a.all your four sentences
b. your all four sentences
c. all the four sentences
d.the four your sentences all
22. are you sure that the blue umbrella is the ?
a.jones's
b. joneses'
c. joneses
d.jones'
23. the fundamental which govern all physical processes are also related to many everyday occurrences.
a.principals
b. principles
c. rules
d.regulations
24. a foreign language is a weapon in , as marx put it.
a.struggle of life
b. struggle of the life
c. the struggle of life
d.the struggle of the life
25. they don't object the meeting until friday.
a.to our postponing
b. that we postpone
c. for postponing
d.to postpone
26. it is known to us all that mr. abel is .
a.the alive happiest man
b. the happiest alive man
c. the most happy man alive
d.the unhappiest man alive
27. “that is a very good you've just put forward," said professor fu.
a.advice
b. description
c. suggestion
d.information
28. mary would never have gone to the party that mike would be there too.
b. if had she known
c. had she known
d.she would have known
29. the american company whose chemical factory in india exploded will have to the loss of human lives.
a.make for
b. offer a reward for
c. compensate
d.repay for
30. we were all overjoyed at the news the experiment turned out a success.
a.which
b. that
c. when
d.what
31. can you tell me the for applying for citizenship in this country?
a.procedures
b. processes
c. stages
d.at the same time
32. advertisers claim that almost everyone loves to get something for .
a.nothing
b. something
c. luck
d.nought
33. the spring festival is always a happy time for .
a.both adults and we children
b. both adults and us children
c. both adults and we, children as well
d.both adults and us, children as well
34. my experience ought to be a warning to those who are too in their own opinions.
a.sure
b. certain
c. sensitive
d.confident
35. “what on earth is that?" “don't you know? that's a whale, ."
a.largest world's mammal
b. a largest mammal in the world
c. the world's largest mammal
d.largest mammal of the world
36. i beg to tomorrow's meeting.
a.be excused from attending
b. be excused to attend
c. be excused not to attend
d.excuse from being attended
37. he was to suspend his experiment because he was seriously ill.
a.compelled
b. repelled
c. combined
d.propelled
38. the old man can't hope to his cold in a few days.
a.get away
b. get off
c. get over
d.get out
39. clever students quickly what the teachers have taught them in class.
a.swallow
b. gulp
c. absorb
d.devour
40. tom is in favour of going to the movies, jack insists on playing basketball.
a.would be raised
b. were raised
c. would have been raised
d.be raised
41. the dog, we should have reached the destination and accomplish the task.
a.but for
b. in case of
c. because of
d.if not
42. i couldn't what you have suggested, it is unreasonable.
a.accede to
b. believe in
c. oppose to
d.argue about
43. she often behaves like a child.
a.as old is she
b. as old she is
c. old as is she
d.old as she is
44. the reform club proposed that wages .
a.would be raised
b. were raised
c. would have been raise
44. the reform club proposed that wages .
a.would be raised
b. were raised
c. would have been raised
d.be raised
45. a question arises how we shall refit the equipment.
a.as for
b. as to
c. as regards to
d.as
46. they resigned take part in such a dishonest transaction.
a.instead of
b. than
c. in place of
d.rather than
47. , the defendant was innocent of the crime for which he had been tried.
a.without the doubt
b. out of doubts
c. on all accounts
d.out of accounts
48. those who cannot their promises should not be trusted.
a.delay
b. remain
c. keep
d.retain
49. , girls are better at language than.
a.big and large
b. by and near
c. by and great boys.
d.by and large
50. “is george really leaving in the university?”
“yes, but would you mind to anyone?”
a.not mentioning if
b. not mention it
c. not to mention it
d.not to mentioning it
答案：
見第一段第一句中的...every person is surrounded by a force field。
2。分析與解答：應選d項。見第二段第一句的...,that he was certain his own hypertension made th
3。分析與解答：應選a項。從第三段看thomson選的是心情不錯的人，例如he would find hungry man delightedly
4。分析與解答：應選c項。見第三段第一句dr. ward...insisted that there was already misery enough in the world.
5。分析與解答：應選a項。文章第四段提到happiness machine的一些有用之處。
6。分析與解答：本題考察對文章的總體把握。a）、b）、c）都很片面，而全文都在講城市的擴張及其後果，故答案為d）。
7.分析與解答：因為文中提及tokyo時用“only a single first world city”，可見本題答案為c）。
8.分析與解答：用排除法。從第一段的第二句得出c）正確。從第一段的最後一句可推斷出b）正確。從第3段可推斷出d）正確。a）並未提到，故答案為a）。
9.分析與解答：a）、b）、c）在第三段中都有體現，很容易排除。而該段最後一句的意思是：“...每一步改善貧民區生活環境的措施只是會吸引更多的
移民（的到來）而已。”可見，措施是用來改善城市居住環境，其目的並不是吸引移民。故答案為d）。
10.分析與解答：該結構的上下文是：“...現代工業將...術上而不是勞動力上。”我們可以推斷該結構的意思應“大量注意力”。故答案為b）。其它三項解釋不通。
11.分析與解答：從第二段和papousek 的實驗例證可以得出本題答案為c）。
12.分析與解答：從第3段第二、三、四句可得出答案為c）。
13.分析與解答：從第三段的實驗中尤其是最後一句中的“if the movement'switch on'the dis-play of lights”“...to bring about this result”可得出答案為a）。其它三 項很容易排除。
14分析與解答：從第四段該結構的下一句的解釋可以得出“success”的重要作用。故答案為d）。
15.分析與解答：文中的最後一句“...that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control.”中“make sense of the world”意思是“understand the world”。故答案為a）。
16.分析與解答：用排除法。從第一段第二句得出a）正確。從第二段第一句得出b）正確。從第二段第四句得 出c）正確。而d）項所述並未在文中提到。故
答案為d）。
17.分析與解答：從第三段第三句中可得出答案為a）。
18.分析與解答：“neither ...nor”表示既不...，也不...。故答案為d）。
19.分析與解答：c）、d）比較片面，很容易排除。a）、b）比較又可得出b）更加具有概括性，因為通篇講述的是提高勞動效率的一些途徑，可排除a）。故答案為b）。
20.分析與解答：因為文章講述的是提高工人勞動效率的一些可能的途徑，與公司管理密切相關。故答案為c）最為合適。
21.分析與解答：本題考察詞序。all不能放在人稱代詞後，the不能放在all後，應選a）。
22.分析與解答：表示一家人或夫婦時用“the + family name（姓） + -s”，以-s的所有格用“’”表示。故答案為b）。
23.分析與解答：本題考察單詞意思。principal校長，principle原則，rule規則，regulation條例，結合題義答案應為b）
24.分析與解答：本題考察固定結構“in the struggle of life在生活的的奮鬥中”。故答案為 c）。
25.分析與解答：本題考察固定搭配“object to sth./(one's)doing sth.”。故答案為a）。
26.分析與解答：本題考察形容詞用法。happy(unhappy)的最高級為happiest(unhappiest)，而 alive作定語是要後置，故答案為d）。
27.分析與解答：本題考察可數名詞與動詞詞組的搭配。句中有a冠詞，其後一定使可數名詞。排除a）d）。而與詞組put forward搭配的只有suggestion了。 故答案為c）。
28.分析與解答：本題考察虛擬語氣的一種用法。表示對過去的虛擬從句用過去完成時，省略if，則倒裝。故答案為c）。
29.分析與解答：make for朝...方向走，offer a reward for為...提供報答、報酬，compensate補償，repay for還、為...再支付。結合題義答案應為c）。
30.分析與解答：本題考察同位語從句。因為從句是個完整的句子，是進一步解釋說明其前面的名詞的內容，此從句應為同位語從句，只能由that引導。故
答案為b）。
31.分析與解答：a. procedure指辦理一件事情的程式、手續過程，往往是人為制訂的，可簡可繁，如申請加入某國國籍，申請加入某組織、團體等的手續；process指事物必須經歷的程式、工序、工藝過程、形成過程等，往往是客觀上所需要的，如煤的形成，商品的生產過程等；stage指事物進行、發展的不同階段、時期，如革命的各個階段，戰爭的各個時期等；phase指事物的階段、狀態、方面等，如偉人的盛名階段，火箭的起飛、加速階段、月亮的新、朔、望、滿變化等。故答案為a）。
32.分析與解答：本題考察固定詞組“get something for nothing空手套白狼”。故答案為a）。
33.分析與解答：作介詞賓語時人稱代詞用賓格形式，而“both ... and ...兩者都”和“as well也” 不能連用。故答案為b）。
34.分析與解答：本題考察能與“be + adj. + in”搭配結構，只有“confident”合適，表示“對…有信心” ，故答案為d）。
35.分析與解答：當形容詞最高級修飾名詞時，其前應有定冠詞“the”。故答案為c）。
36.分析與解答：本題考察固定詞組“be excused from doing sth被原諒不做某事”。故答案為a）。
37.分析與解答：本題考察單詞意思。compel迫使，repel擊退，combine綜合，propel推進，結合題意答案應為a）。
38.分析與解答：本題考察相近詞組的意思。get away走開，get off下車，get over恢復（病好），get out出去。結合題義答案應為ｃ）。
39.分析與解答：本題考察單詞意思。swallow吞，gulp猛咽，absorb吸收、理解，devour努力。結合題義答案應為ｃ）。
40.分析與解答：本題考察固定結構“be left + adj.”首先排除帶副詞結構的選項c）、d）。又因 為project與finish之間是被動關係，所以我們選由過去分詞轉化成的形容詞形式。故答案為a）。
41.分析與解答：but for: 倘若，要不是in case of 假…，如果發生…，萬一…； because of :因為； if not: 要是不，即使不。全句意思是，“要不是狗的原因，我們本應該到達目的地並完成任務的。”，由此故選a)。
42.分析與解答：本題考察詞組意思。accede to 應允、同意，believe in 相信，oppose to 反對，argue about辨論。結合題義答案為a）。
43.分析與解答：本題考察表示讓步的固定結構“adj.+ as +主語+系動詞：雖然...但是...”故答案為ｃ）。
44.分析與解答：在advise, arrange, ask, beg, command, decide, demand, desire(請求)，direct(命令)，intend, move(建議)，order, permit, prefer, propose, insist,suggest, recommend, require, request, urge(敦促、勸告)等表示願望、命令、建議、請求等動詞後的賓詞從句中，謂語動詞英國英語用should+動詞原形，而美國英語用動詞原形，故本句答案為d)be raised.
45.分析與解答：本題考察詞組搭配。as to表示關於，故答案為b）。
46.分析與解答：本題考察能連線兩個動詞的結構。只有“rather than而不是”。故答案為ｄ）。
47.分析與解答：結合題義本題考察固定詞組“on all accounts無論如何”，故答案為ｃ）。
48.分析與解答：本題考察固定詞組“keep one's promise堅守諾言”，故答案應為c）。
49.分析與解答：本題考察固定詞組“by and large大體說來、大致上”，故答案為ｄ）。
50.分析與解答：-ing分詞和-ed分詞的否定形式，都是直接用not來否定，not通常放在分詞前面。故答案為a）。