第四講 怎樣做閱讀理解題（二）
一、細節題
大綱對考生掌握的閱讀能力的第二條要求是：了解闡述主旨的事實和細節。也就是說我們在閱讀一篇文章時，除了抓住文章的主旨和大意外，還必須弄清文中的一些重要事實或細節，因為它們是作者得出結論或闡明論點的依據。了解這些事實或細節有助於領會並確定文章的主題思想。
細節類題目在職稱英語等級考試的閱讀理解題中占的比例最大，涉及的內容也很廣，因此，我們在複習應考時，應注意在該類題目上多下功夫。細節題常出why, when, where, what, who等疑問詞引導的句子提問。解答細節題的關鍵在於從問題中找出問題的關鍵字，即能表達問題所涉及內容的中心詞，然後迅速在短文中用查讀的方法找出關鍵字在短文中的位置，以及包含所需信息的句子或短語，最後根據這些句子或短語做出正確的選擇。
細節類題目常見提問形式有：
what causes...?
why does the author mention...?
how many...?
where in the passage does the author describe...?
what time does the writer think is ...?
the author mentions that...?
the writer states...?
等等
對於這種題型，考生可以首先從問題中找到關鍵字，然後以此為線索，運用查讀的方法到文章中尋找這一細節，找到後再把這一部分內容仔細閱讀一遍，從而保證對這一細節的正確理解，最後確定正確答案。
let them watch it
one hot night last july, when our new baby wouldn't or couldn't sleep, i tried everything i could think of : a warm bottle, songs, and gentle rocking. nothing would settle him. guessing that i had a long night ahead of me, i brought a portable tv into his room, figuring that watching the late movie was as good a way as any to kill off the hours until dawn. to my surprise, as soon as the tv lit up, the baby quieted right down, his little eyes, focused brightly on the tube. not to waste an opportunity for sleep, i then tiptoed out of the room, leaving him to watch the actors celebrate john bellushi's fortyfifth birthday. my wife and i heard no more of the baby that night, and the next morning when i went into his room, i found him still watching tv himself.
i found in my baby's behaviour a metaphor for the new generation. my wife and i had given him some books to examine, but he merely spit upon them. when we read to him, he did not feel comfortable. and so it is in the schools. we find that our students don't read, that they look down upon reading and scold those of us who teach it. all they want to do is watch tv. after this experience with the baby, however