幸福之道

The whole subject of happiness has, in my opinion, been treated too solemnly. It had been thought that man cannot be happy without a theory of life or a religion. Perhaps those who have been rendered unhappy by a bad theory may need a better theory to help them to recovery, just as you may need a tonic when you have been ill. But when things are normal a man should be healthy without a tonic and happy without a theory. It is the simple things that really matter. If a man delights in his wife and children, has success in work, and finds pleasure in the alternation of day and night, spring and autumn, he will be happy whatever his philosophy may be. If, on the other hand, he finds his wife fateful, his children's noise unendurable, and the office a nightmare; if in the daytime he longs for night, and at night sighs for the light of day, then what he needs is not a new philosophy but a new regimen----a different diet, or more exercise, or what not.

Man is an animal, and his happiness depends on his physiology more than he likes to think. This is a humble conclusion, but I cannot make myself disbelieve it. Unhappy businessmen, I am convinced, would increase their happiness more by walking six miles every day than by any conceivable change of philosophy.

幸福之道

道德家們常說:幸福靠追求是得不到的。只有用不明智的方式去追求才是這樣。蒙特卡洛城的賭徒們追求金錢,但多數人卻把錢輸掉了,而另外一些追求金錢的辦法卻常常成功。追求幸福也是一樣。如果你通過暢飲來追求幸福,那你就忘記了酒醉後的不適。埃畢丘魯斯追求幸福的辦法是只和志趣相投的人一起生活,只吃不塗黃油的麵包,節日才加一點乳酪。他的辦法對他來說是成功的,但他是個體弱多病的人,而多數人需要的是精力充沛。就多數人來說,除非你有別的補充辦法,這樣追求快樂就過於抽象和脫離實際,不宜作為個人的生活準則。不過,我覺得無論你選擇什麼樣的生活準則,除了那些罕見的和英雄人物的例子外,都應該是和幸福相容的。

 很多人擁有獲得幸福的全部物質條件,即健康的身體和豐足的收入,可是他們非常不快樂。就這種情況來說,似乎問題處在生活理論的錯誤上。從某種意義上講,我們可以說任何關於生活的理論都是不正確的。我們和動物的區別並沒有我們想像的那么大。動物是憑衝動生活的,只要客觀條件有利,它們就會快樂。如果你有一隻貓,它只要有東西吃,感到暖和,偶爾晚上得到機會去尋歡,它就會很快活。你的需要比你的貓要複雜一些,但還是以本能為基礎的。在文明社會中,特別是在講英語的社會中,這一點很容易被忘卻。人們給自己定下一個最高的目標,對一切不利於實現這一目標的衝動都加以克制。生意人可能因為切望發財以致不惜犧牲健康和愛情。等他終於發了財,他除了苦苦勸人效法他的好榜樣而攪得別人心煩外,並沒有得到快樂。很多有錢的貴婦人,儘管自然並未賦予她們任何欣賞文學或藝術的興趣,卻決意要使別人認為她們是有教養的,於是他們花費很多煩人的時間學習怎樣談論那些流行的新書。這些書寫出來是要給人以樂趣的,而不是要給人以附庸風雅的機會的。

 只要你觀察一下周圍那些你可稱之為幸福的男男女女,就會看出他們都有某些共同之處。在這些共同之處中有一點是最重要的:那就是活動本身,它在大多數情況下本身就很有趣,而且可逐漸的使你的願望得以實現。生性喜愛孩子的婦女,能夠從撫養子女中得到這種滿足。藝術家、作家和科學家如果對自己的工作感到滿意,也能以同樣的方式得到快樂。不過,還有很多是較低層次的快樂。許多在城裡工作的人到了周末自願地在自家的庭院裡做無償的勞動,春天來時,他們就可盡情享受自己創造的美景帶來的快樂。

※本文作者:佚名※