president clinton:
thank you. thank you, president chen, chairmen ren, vice president chi, vice minister wei. we are delighted to be here today with a very large american delegation, including the first lady and our daughter, who is a student at stanford, one of the schools with which beijing university has a relationship. we have six members of the united states congress; the secretary of state; secretary of commerce; the secretary of agriculture; the chairman of our council of economic advisors; senator sasser, our ambassador; the national security advisor and my chief of staff, among others. i say that to illustrate the importance that the united states places on our relationship with china.
i would like to begin by congratulating all of you, the students, the faculty, the administrators, on celebrating the centennial year of your university. gongxi, beida. (applause.)
as i'm sure all of you know, this campus was once home to yenching university which was founded by american missionaries. many of its wonderful buildings were designed by an american architect. thousands of americans students and professors have come here to study and teach. we feel a special kinship with you.
i am, however, grateful that this day is different in one important respect from another important occasion 79 years ago. in june of 1919, the first president of yenching university, john leighton stuart, was set to deliver the very first commencement address on these very grounds. at the appointed hour, he appeared, but no students appeared. they were all out leading the may 4th movement for china's political and cultural renewal. when i read this, i hoped that when i walked into the auditorium today, someone would be sitting here. and i thank you for being here, very much. (applause.)
over the last 100 years, this university has grown to more than 20,000 students. your graduates are spread throughout china and around the world. you have built the largest university library in all of asia. last year, 20 percent of your graduates went abroad to study, including half of your math and science majors. and in this anniversary year, more than a million people in china, asia, and beyond have logged on to your web site. at the dawn of a new century, this university is leading china into the future.
i come here today to talk to you, the next generation of china's leaders, about the critical importance to your future of building a strong partnership between china and the united states.
the american people deeply admire china for its thousands of years of contributions to culture and religion, to philosophy and the arts, to science and technology. we remember well our strong partnership in world war ii. now we see china at a moment in history when your glorious past is matched by your present sweeping transformation and the even greater promise of your future.
just three decades ago, china was virtually shut off from the world. now, china is a member of more than 1,000 international organizations -- enterprises that affect everything from air travel to agricultural development. you have opened your nation to trade and investment on a large scale. today, 40,000 young chinese study in the united states, with hundreds of thousands more learning in asia, africa, europe, and latin america.
your social and economic transformation has been even more remarkable, moving from a closed command economic system to a driving, increasingly market-based and driven economy, generating two decades of unprecedented growth, giving people greater freedom to travel within and outside china, to vote in village elections, to own a home, choose a job, attend a better school. as a result you have lifted literally hundreds of millions of people from poverty. per capita income has more than doubled in the last decade. most chinese people are leading lives they could not have imagined just 20 years ago.
of course, these changes have also brought disruptions in settled patterns of life and work, and have imposed enormous strains on your environment. once every urban chinese was guaranteed employment in a state enterprise. now you must compete in a job market. once a chinese worker had only to meet the demands of a central planner in beijing. now the global economy means all must match the quality and creativity of the rest of the world. for those who lack the right training and skills and support, this new world can be daunting.
in the short-term, good, hardworking people -- some, at least will find themselves unemployed. and, as all of you can see, there have been enormous environmental and economic and health care costs to the development pattern and the energy use pattern of the last 20 years -- from air pollution to deforestation to acid rain and water shortage.
in the face of these challenges new systems of training and social security will have to be devised, and new environmental policies and technologies will have to be introduced with the goal of growing your economy while improving the environment. everything i know about the intelligence, the ingenuity, the enterprise of the chinese people and everything i have heard these last few days in my discussions with president jiang, prime minister zhu and others give me confidence that you will succeed.
as you build a new china, america wants to build a new relationship with you. we want china to be successful, secure and open, working with us for a more peaceful and prosperous world. i know there are those in china and the united states who question whether closer relations between our countries is a good thing. but everything all of us know about the way the world is changing and the challenges your generation will face tell us that our two nations will be far better off working together than apart.
the late deng xiaoping counseled us to seek truth from facts. at the dawn of the new century, the facts are clear. the distance between our two nations, indeed, between any nations, is shrinking. where once an american clipper ship took months to cross from china to the united states. today, technology has made us all virtual neighbors. from laptops to lasers, from microchips to megabytes, an information revolution is lighting the landscape of human knowledge, bringing us all closer together. ideas, information, and money cross the planet at the stroke of a computer key, bringing with them extraordinary opportunities to create wealth, to prevent and conquer disease, to foster greater understanding among peoples of different histories and different cultures.
but we also know that this greater openness and faster change mean that problems which start beyond one nations borders can quickly move inside them -- the spread of weapons of mass destruction, the threats of organized crime and drug trafficking, of environmental degradation, and severe economic dislocation. no nation can isolate itself from these problems, and no nation can solve them alone. we, especially the younger generations of china and the united states, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.
in the 21st century -- your century -- china and the united states will face the challenge of security in asia. on the korean peninsula, where once we were adversaries, today we are working together for a permanent peace and a future freer of nuclear weapons.
on the indian subcontinent, just as most of the rest of the world is moving away from nuclear danger, india and pakistan risk sparking a new arms race. we are now pursuing a common strategy to move india and pakistan away from further testing and toward a dialogue to resolve their differences.
in the 21st century, your generation must face the challenge of stopping the spread of deadlier nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons. in the wrong hands or the wrong places, these weapons can threaten the peace of nations large and small. increasingly, china and the united states agree on the importance of stopping proliferation. that is why we are beginning to act in concert to control the worlds most dangerous weapons.
in the 21st century, your generation will have to reverse the international tide of crime and drugs. around the world, organized crime robs people of billions of dollars every year and undermines trust in government. america knows all about the devastation and despair that drugs can bring to schools and neighborhoods. with borders on more than a dozen countries, china has become a crossroad for smugglers of all kinds.
last year, president jiang and i asked senior chinese and american law enforcement officials to step up our cooperation against these predators, to stop money from being laundered, to stop aliens from being cruelly smuggled, to stop currencies from being undermined by counterfeiting. just this month, our drug enforcement agency opened an office in beijing, and soon chinese counternarcotics experts will be working out of washington.
in the 21st century, your generation must make it your mission to ensure that today's progress does not come at tomorrow's expense. china's remarkable growth in the last two decades has come with a toxic cost, pollutants that foul the water you drink and the air you breathe -- the cost is not only environmental, it is also serious in terms of the health consequences of your people and in terms of the drag on economic growth.
environmental problems are also increasingly global as well as national. for example, in the near future, if present energy use patterns persist, china will overtake the united states as the world's largest emitter of greenhouse gases, the gases which are the principal cause of global warming. if the nations of the world do not reduce the gases which are causing global warming, sometime in the next century there is a serious risk of dramatic changes in climate which will change the way we live and the way we work, which could literally bury some island nations under mountains of water and undermine the economic and social fabric of nations.
we must work together. we americans know from our own experience that it is possible to grow an economy while improving the environment. we must do that together for ourselves and for the world.
building on the work that our vice president, al gore, has done previously with the chinese government, president jiang and i are working together on ways to bring american clean energy technology to help improve air quality and grow the chinese economy at the same time.
but i will say this again -- this is not on my remarks -- your generation must do more about this. this is a huge challenge for you, for the american people and for the future of the world. and it must be addressed at the university level, because political leaders will never be willing to adopt environmental measures if they believe it will lead to large-scale unemployment or more poverty. the evidence is clear that does not have to happen. you will actually have more rapid economic growth and better paying jobs, leading to higher levels of education and technology if we do this in the proper way. but you and the university, communities in china, the united states and throughout the world will have to lead the way. (applause.)
in the 21st century your generation must also lead the challenge of an international financial system that has no respect for national borders. when stock markets fall in hong kong or jakarta, the effects are no longer local; they are global. the vibrant growth of your own economy is tied closely, therefore, to the restoration of stability and growth in the asia pacific region.
china has steadfastly shouldered its responsibilities to the region and the world in this latest financial crisis -- helping to prevent another cycle of dangerous devaluations. we must continue to work together to counter this threat to the global financial system and to the growth and prosperity which should be embracing all of this region.
in the 21st century, your generation will have a remarkable opportunity to bring together the talents of our scientists, doctors, engineers into a shared quest for progress. already the breakthroughs we have achieved in our areas of joint cooperation -- in challenges from dealing with spina bifida to dealing with extreme weather conditions and earthquakes -- have proved what we can do together to change the lives of millions of people in china and the united states and around the world. expanding our cooperation in science and technology can be one of our greatest gifts to the future.
in each of these vital areas that i have mentioned, we can clearly accomplish so much more by walking together rather than standing apart. that is why we should work to see that the productive relationship we now enjoy blossoms into a fuller partnership in the new century.
if that is to happen, it is very important that we understand each other better, that we understand both our common interest and our shared aspirations and our honest differences. i believe the kind of open, direct exchange that president jiang and i had on saturday at our press conference -- which i know many of you watched on television -- can both clarify and narrow our differences, and, more important, by allowing people to understand and debate and discuss these things can give a greater sense of confidence to our people that we can make a better future.
from the windows of the white house, where i live in washington, d.c., the monument to our first president, george washington, dominates the skyline. it is a very tall obelisk. but very near this large monument there is a small stone which contains these words: the united states neither established titles of nobility and royalty, nor created a hereditary system. state affairs are put to the vote of public opinion.
this created a new political situation, unprecedented from ancient times to the present. how wonderful it is. those words were not written by an american. they were written by xu jiyu, governor of fujian province, inscribed as a gift from the government of china to our nation in 1853.
i am very grateful for that gift from china. it goes to the heart of who we are as a people -- the right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, the freedom to debate, to dissent, to associate, to worship without interference from the state. these are the ideals that were at the core of our founding over 220 years ago. these are the ideas that led us across our continent and onto the world stage. these are the ideals that americans cherish today.
as i said in my press conference with president jiang, we have an ongoing quest ourselves to live up to those ideals. the people who framed our constitution understood that we would never achieve perfection. they said that the mission of america would always be "to form a more perfect union" -- in other words, that we would never be perfect, but we had to keep trying to do better.
the darkest moments in our history have come when we abandoned the effort to do better, when we denied freedom to our people because of their race or their religion, because there were new immigrants or because they held unpopular opinions. the best moments in our history have come when we protected the freedom of people who held unpopular opinion, or extended rights enjoyed by the many to the few who had previously been denied them, making, therefore, the promises of our declaration of independence and constitution more than faded words on old parchment.
today we do not seek to impose our vision on others, but we are convinced that certain rights are universal -- not american rights or european rights or rights for developed nations, but the birthrights of people everywhere, now enshrined in the united nations declaration on human rights -- the right to be treated with dignity; the right to express one's opinions, to choose one's own leaders, to associate freely with others, and to worship, or not, freely, however one chooses.
in the last letter of his life, the author of our declaration of independence and our third president, thomas jefferson, said then that "all eyes are opening to the rights of man." i believe that in this time, at long last, 172 years after jefferson wrote those words, all eyes are opening to the rights of men and women everywhere.
over the past two decades, a rising tide of freedom has lifted the lives of millions around the world, sweeping away failed dictatorial systems in the former soviet union, throughout central europe; ending a vicious cycle of military coups and civil wars in latin america; giving more people in africa the chance to make the most of their hard-won independence. and from the philippines to south korea, from thailand to mongolia, freedom has reached asia's shores, powering a surge of growth and productivity.
economic security also can be an essential element of freedom. it is recognized in the united nations covenant on economic, social, and cultural rights. in china, you have made extraordinary strides in nurturing that liberty, and spreading freedom from want, to be a source of strength to your people. incomes are up, poverty is down; people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel -- the ability to make a better life. but true freedom includes more than economic freedom. in america, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.
over the past four days, i have seen freedom in many manifestations in china. i have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland. i have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections. i have also seen the cell phones, the video players, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world. i've heard people speak their minds and i have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing. in all these ways i felt a steady breeze of freedom.
the question is, where do we go from here? how do we work together to be on the right side of history together? more than 50 years ago, hu shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: "now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual freedom so that the nation may be free. but i reply, the struggle for individual freedom is the struggle for the nation's freedom. the struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation's character."
we americans believe hu shi was right. we believe and our experience demonstrates that freedom strengthens stability and helps nations to change.
one of our founding fathers, benjamin franklin, once said, "our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults." now, if that is true, there are many days in the united states when the president has more friends than anyone else in america. (laughter.) but it is so.
in the world we live in, this global information age, constant improvement and change is necessary to economic opportunity and to national strength. therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for divergent political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward.
it is, therefore, profoundly in your interest, and the world's, that young chinese minds be free to reach the fullness of their potential. that is the message of our time and the mandate of the new century and the new millennium.
i hope china will more fully embrace this mandate. for all the grandeur of your history, i believe your greatest days are still ahead. against great odds in the 20th century china has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.
other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change. china has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow. now, you must re-imagine china again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of china's regeneration.
the new century is upon us. all our sights are turned toward the future. now your country has known more millennia than the united states has known centuries. today, however, china is as young as any nation on earth. this new century can be the dawn of a new china, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come. it can be a time when the world again looks to china for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works. it can be a time when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.
the united states wants to work with you to make that time a reality.
thank you very much. (applause.)
美國柯林頓總統在北京大學的演講稿
尊敬的各位老師，同學們：
大家好！
很高興今天能給我這樣一個機會站在這裡，來表達我內心對大學的那份感情，對學生會的那份憧憬。大學，一個豐富多采彩的世界。酸甜苦辣都是大學的經緯點。大學如酒，或芳香，或馥郁，因為激情，它變得醇厚。大學如歌，或高昂，或低沉，因為憧憬，它變得悅耳。大學如畫，或明亮，或暗淡，因為誠摯，它變得美麗。
社會學老師在開學的第一堂課問我們：為什麼要讀大學？如何度過大學時光？對於剛剛邁進大學校園的我們，對一切都很陌生，很懵懂。關於為什麼要讀大學，我要說，這是我們步入社會的起點，也是我們成就事業的基礎階段。關於如何度過大學時光，我要說，我會在老師的指導和幫助下，客觀分析自身條件、科學確定職業發展目標、有序的安排校園生活、坦誠與人交流溝通、不斷完善學習與生活方法，讓大學時光充實而不忙亂、緊張而不壓抑、自由而不失控、多彩而不偏激。
有人說，大學在某種意義上說是高中的延伸，還要繼續高中時代拚命苦學的日子；也有人說，跨進大學在某種程度上說前途和事業有了保障，放任自我，虛度光陰，浪費了青春，消磨了意志，迷失了自我。我認為，大學是一幅空白畫卷，大學生活像是塊調色板，你可以妙手丹青，可以信手塗鴉，更可以用智慧和熱情描繪屬於自己的七彩青春。無論這幅畫卷是青春激揚，個性張揚，自我飛揚，還是提筆書寫的堅強樂觀，自立積極，獨立向上，當時光飛逝四年離去時，我們將收穫各自的風采和人生最關鍵的畫卷。
大學是自主的美好。這是因為，進入大學終於放下高考的重壓，第一次自由的追逐自己的理想和興趣；第一次離開家庭生活，獨立參加社團和社會活動；第一次不再枯燥學習知識，有機會邊學習邊親身實踐；第一次不再有父母安排生活和學習的一切事物，而有足夠的時間和精力支配自己的生活。
大學是沉澱的文化。這是因為，大學是專門薰陶和完善個人的修養，增進和系統個人的智慧，發掘和拓展個人的潛能。我要在不斷精化專業知識的基礎上鍛鍊自己的創造力，積極開發自我的創新能力，不斷實踐和證實理論知識，積極鍛鍊自我自學能力的同時，還要不斷提高個人的修養和才能，創建和諧的師生關係，懂得與人真誠交往，努力提高為人處事的能力。
大學是培養的園地。這是因為，大學有可能是人生最後一次系統性地接受教育，也是最後一次建立你的知識基礎，也是最後一次將大量時間用於學習的人生階段，也可能是最後一次可以擁有較高的可塑性，集中精力充實自我的成長曆程。所以，我必須培養自己的自學能力。在學習上，不應在老師後亦步亦趨，應該主動走在老師的前面。做到課前認真把課本相關知識琢磨清楚，課中彌補自己對知識的認識和不足，課下，充分利用圖書館和網路，培養獨立學習和研究的本能，為以後工作和進一步深造做好基礎。
大學是鍛鍊的起點。這是因為，大學裡有學生會、團委、各種社團等開拓的舞台。能夠進入學生會是我莫大的榮幸，我懷著挑戰的心態參加面試，懷著焦急的心態等待結果，現在，懷著感恩的心態想要在這裡留下我的痕跡。我會從點點滴滴做起，真真正正的融入學生會大家庭。在這裡，我要學習的還有很多，但我會從零開始，迅速地使自己成長起來。
我的演講完畢，謝謝大家！
it’s interesting to note because when you put u.s.-china relations in proper context in history, it reads like a roller coaster. caleb cushing was sent over here by john tyler because there was great concern that the british were getting way too much out of their trading relationship with china.
有趣的是，當你把美中關係放到適當的歷史背景中觀察的話，就會發現它像一輛過山車。約翰∙泰勒把凱萊布∙顧聖派到這裡來，是因為英國從與中國的貿易關係中所得甚多，引起了美國的極大關切。
you’ll remember the first opium war, right? 1837 to 1842. 1842 resulted in the treaty of nanjing which opened up several important ports – xiamen, fuzhou, ningbo, shanghai, and one old canton port. trade facilitation was achieved. they lowered tariffs and they also dealt with hong kong, as you will recall, which later was dealt with a little differently. it was an open-ended agreement in 1842 and it later became quite specific, a 99 year lease in, i think, 1897 or 1898.
你們會記得第一次鴉片戰爭，是不是?從1837年到1842年。1842年戰爭結束時簽訂了《南京條約》，開放若干重要口岸——廈門、福州、寧波、上海和舊稱canton的廣州港。促進貿易的目的達到了。條約規定降低關稅，你們還會記得，還涉及香港問題，後來的處理方式有些不同。1842年時，這是一項沒有期限的協定，後來，我想是在1897年或1898年加以具體化，即規定了99年的租期。
the u.s. was very concerned about this agreement between the uk and china, which resulted after the first opium war. president tyler sent over caleb cushing, my colleague a long time ago, and he negotiated another treaty called the treaty of wangxia, which essentially gave the united states more of a level playing field with the uk. it similarly opened up a lot of ports forcommerce and for trade facilitation, but it also achieved a sense of extraterritoriality, the first ever, which meant that american citizens would be treated under u.s. law if they found themselves in trouble in china, which was quite unique and novel in those days, back when ambassadors and consuls general had enormous power over setting both trade policy for the united states, so on and so forth.
美國對英中之間作為第一次鴉片戰爭結果簽訂的這項協定非常關切。泰勒總統派來一個人，擔任我現在的職務，他通過談判與中國簽訂了被稱作《望廈條約》的另一項條約，實質上給予美國更多的與英國平等競爭的條件。如同《南京條約》那樣，《望廈條約》也開放了很多通商口岸，方便了貿易活動，而且還有史以來首次授予某種治外法權，也就是說，如果美國公民在中國與他國國民發生紛爭，他們將根據美國法律得到處理，這在當時是一種非常獨特和新奇的情況，當時，駐外大使和總領事對確定美國的貿易政策等等握有巨大的權力。
so the roller coaster ride continued up and down.
這樣，過山車繼續上下飛轉。
now we sit with a large complicated relationship that is multi-faceted, that covers virtually every foreign policy issue imaginable, and one that my president, barack obama, has asked to be handled in a positive, collaborative and comprehensive fashion.
現在我們面對著一個巨大複雜的多層面關係，基本上涵蓋了外交政策上可以想到的每一個問題。歐巴馬總統要求我們以積極、合作和全面的方式進行處理。
[at a meeting in the oval office of the white house, president obama] began to lay out his vision of the u.s.-china relationship, which he described as being something that he wanted to see as positive, collaborative and comprehensive, for reasons that we discussed thereafter. he said i think the headline issues really need to be the global economy, climate change and clean energy, and regional security, because those are the issues that affect not just the two countries, not just the region, but also the world, and we are the only two countries today that together can solve these issues. no one else can. i said, mr. president, i think we can do that. i think we can achieve that in our relationship. it won’t be easy. we’ll have our ups and our downs, the roller coaster like i described earlier, but i think that’s achievable.
[在白宮橢圓形辦公室的一次會議上歐巴馬總統] 開始描述他對於美中關係前景的規劃，他說他想看到的是一種積極、合作和全面的關係，其理由我們將在下面討論。他說最主要的問題必定是全球經濟、氣候變化、清潔能源，以及地區性安全，因為那些問題不僅影響美中兩國及地區，而且影響全世界。此外，我們是當今唯一能合力解決這些問題的兩個國家。沒有任何其他國家能夠做到。我說，總統先生，我想我們能夠做到。我相信我們能夠通過兩國關係實現這個目標。那不會很容易，我們將碰到波折起伏，就像我先前形容過的過山車一樣，但是我相信目標是能夠實現的。
so when president obama stepped off his plane in shanghai just a few days ago in a verydriving and cold rain – i was standing out on the tarmac and my shoes became waterlogged pretty quickly, and i didn’t take an extra pair of shoes, so i was quite cold that night – he arrived and found what he had hoped for, i believe: a relationship that by and large is entering a period where our focus will be more and more on global issues that the two of us increasingly can problem solve around. he also landed to find that despite our differences, and we have our differences, we are moving in a direction that is positive, collaborative, and comprehensive.
於是當歐巴馬總統幾天之前冒著寒冷的傾盆大雨在上海走下飛機的時候——我站在露天停機坪上，我的鞋很快就灌滿了水，我也沒有帶替換的鞋子。那天晚上真是冷極了——我覺得他在抵達後看到了他希望看到的：一種整體而言正在進入一個新階段的關係，在這個階段上我們的重點越來越集中在全球問題上。我們雙方越來越能共同解決種種問題。他抵達之後也發現，儘管我們有分歧，我們確有分歧，但我們正在朝著一個積極、合作、全面的方向前進。
now while the president was here – i just want to add by giving you a sense of what was left behind – he talked more about the pacific ocean as something that no longer divides us, but something that we are bound by, and that the u.s.-china relationship should work in a way that meets our challenges, knowing full well that no one nation alone can meet the multiple challenges of the 21st century.
總統在這裡訪問期間——我只想向你們補充說明一下其後的影響——他更多地談到太平洋不再是將我們分割開來的屏障，而是將我們聯繫在一起的紐帶，美中關係應當在迎接共同挑戰的道路上發展，要明確認識到沒有一國能獨自迎接21世紀的重重挑戰。
i would encourage all of you to take a look at the nine pages of detail that were part of the joint statement that was hammered out between both sides in the many days leading up to the visit. in it you will find key areas, which are the focus of cooperation, including global economic recovery; regional crises in iran, korea, afghanistan and pakistan; non-proliferation; climate change and energy – four sections. read through it sometime if you really want to get an update on where this relationship is going.
我建議在座各位都讀一讀那份九頁長的內容詳盡的聯合聲明，我們雙方在此次訪問前經過長時間磋商才達成這份聯合聲明。你們在聲明中會看到作為合作重點的關鍵領域，其中包括全球經濟復甦;伊朗、北韓、阿富汗及巴基斯坦等地區危機;核不擴散;氣候變化及能源等四個領域。如果你們的確想了解這一關係走向的最新動態，有時間的話不妨閱讀全文。
we’ll have an opportunity in just a few short months to convene the next round of the strategic and economic dialogue right here in beijing, which will allow us again to get a check on the relationship to see how things are going, based upon having achieved a positive atmosphere that’s important to begin implementing and executing other things that together we can do.
幾個月後，我們將有機會在北京舉行下一輪戰略與經濟對話，屆時可以評估這一關係，看看進展如何，而目前已出現積極氣氛，這對開始履行和實施其他我們能夠共同實現的目標意義重大。
so part of [president obama's] visit resulted in a few important things that i’m going to point out. first, military to military exchanges, something that we haven’t seen much of for over a year now. the increase in officers going back and forth; the increase in search and rescue operations; the ability for junior officers to engage in important exchanges; and for us to communicate more openly about our intentions, promoting transparency, which is mighty important between our two countries today.
因此，我要說明[歐巴馬總統的]此次訪問所取得的幾項重要成果。首先是軍隊間的相互交流，這是我們一年來見得不多的情況。軍官往來增多;搜救行動增加;下級軍官能夠參與重要的交往;我們就我們的意圖更加公開地進行交流，提高透明度，這在今天對於我們兩國非常重要。
second, facilitating a bilateral mechanism for people-to-people and cultural exchanges, which is what many of you are part of. now i can think of few things more important than this onebecause if we’re really going to take the u.s.-china relationship seriously, you have to ensure that the next generation coming up is given the opportunities to study and to engage in exchanges, to learn languages, and to have a better opportunity to investigate a system that is foreign to americans and our system which is very foreign to chinese students here. so by getting 100,000 more u.s. students [to china] over the next four years – this won’t be easy, to be sure, but it’s doable – i think it could be one of the more important lasting legacies of this year in u.s.-china relations.
第二，增進人民及文化交往的雙邊機制，而我們許多人正是這種交往的一部分。我能想到的比這更重要的事情實在不多，因為，如果我們確實認真對待美中兩國關係的話，就必須確保下一代人有研習、參加交流和學語言的機會，有更多的機會考察了解對美國人來說陌生的制度，以及對這裡的中國學生來說非常陌生的美國制度。因此，通過在今後四年再[向中國]輸送100,000 名美國學生——這肯定不容易，但可以做到——我想，這會是今年在美中關係史上留下的較為重要的長期貢獻之一。
third, on climate change, we may have some differences on how hard and how fast certaincommitments play out over the short term, but both sides recognize the importance of dramatically reducing carbon emissions by mid-century and finding new energy conservation measures. the danish proposal was always discussed, having been put forward by prime minister rasmussen, that includes a peer review feature that we feel is very important.
第三，在氣候變化問題上，我們可能對具體承諾在短期內產生效果的強度和速度存在一些分歧，但是雙方都認識到要在本世紀中期大幅度降低碳排放並找到能源保護新措施的重要性。由丹麥首相拉斯穆森提出的方案一直都在討論之中，我們認為其中包括的同行評議環節非常重要。
fourth, clean energy. aside from the u.s.-china clean energy research centers, which have been written about and talked about for some weeks now, there were several new initiatives in the areas of electric vehicles and clean building energy efficiency.
第四，清潔能源。除了過去幾周來廣受議論與報導的美中清潔能源研究中心之外，在電動車和清潔建築能效方面還有幾項新舉措。
people just stumble over these things. just take that one area, for example. clean building energy efficiency. when you stop to consider that china over the next ten years will be building more in the way of commercial office space than we have in our total inventory in the united states, you get some sense of how important this is and what an important contribution it could be if done right to global emissions over the next many years. we’re also going to promote an energy partnership on shale gas resources as well as work to promote technologies and cooperation on large-scale carbon gas sequestration projects.
這都是生活中常見的。僅以其中的清潔建築能效為例：當你停下來思考一下，中國在未來十年將興建的商業辦公設施會超過我們在美國的這類設施的總面積，就知道這個方面有多重要，如果做法得當，中國在未來多年將為減少全球排放量作出多么重要的貢獻。我們也會提倡頁岩氣資源的能源合作關係，並致力於推動大規模碳封存項目的技術與合作。
fifth, on nuclear proliferation, we’re going to pursue ratification of the comprehensive test ban treaty; negotiations are going to be launched on the fissile material cutoff treaty; and china has agreed to actively participate in preparation for the april XX nuclear safety summit.
第五，就核武器擴散而言，我們將致力於促使《全面禁止核試驗條約》獲得批准;並將就《裂變材料禁產條約》展開談判;中國也已同意積極參與定於XX年4月舉行的核安全峰會的籌備工作。
sixth, on the global economic crisis, the two presidents were quite outspoken that what has emerged from this crisis and our joint cooperation was essential in weathering the early storms. much of what both countries did was not public or visible in the early days of the crisis, but we did end up with good stimulus packages, reassured the markets, and stabilized bonded credit systems.
第六，關於全球經濟危機，兩國首腦都對這場危機的後果直言不諱，並闡明了雙方的合作對於挺過早期風暴至關重要。兩國採取的行動在危機初期大多沒有公開或並不醒目，但是我們確實推出了良好的刺激方案，重建了市場信心，並穩定了抵押信貸系統。
but we need to keep in mind that the new global economic order that emerges in the aftermath of the crisis that we are experiencing will look very different from the one that preceded it, which means recognizing the limits of depending primarily on american consumers and asian exports to drive growth.
但我們應當謹記，在這場我們尚未走出的危機的影響下形成的全球經濟新秩序將與原有秩序完全不同，我們必須認識到主要依賴美國消費者和亞洲的出口產品來刺激增長的局限性。
the new strategy of balanced economic growth in america means more saving and lessspending; reforming our financial system; reducing our long term deficit; exporting more; and in the process, creating more and better paying jobs and committing to an open market all the while.
美國實現平衡經濟成長的新戰略意味著增加儲蓄並減少開支;改革美國的金融體系;減少我們的長期赤;增加出口;在這個過程中創造更多薪酬更高的就業機會並始終保持市場開放。
in china, the new strategy of economic growth means higher standards of living for workers and consumers through greater choice in the market place, improved infrastructure, a modern financial structure, better housing, quality health care, and a more fully developed social safety net that premier wen jiabao mentioned just the other day as being critically important to the economic transition that is now underway.
在中國，實現經濟成長的新戰略意味著提高勞動者與消費者的生活水平，具體途徑是在市場中增加選擇機會，使各種基礎設施得到改善，使金融結構現代化，改善住房條件，提供高質量的醫療服務以及xx總理在前一天剛提到的一個更加全面發展的社會保障網，他認為這個社會保障網對於現在正在實行的經濟轉型至關重要。
there is every reason to think that on china will succeed, and that its extraordinary record of accomplishment over the last 30 years can be sustained. and there is every reason to think america will once again regain its preeminent role as an american powerhouse. you see, we are a nation that responds well to adversity. i think we’re going to look back on the last few years as a period that allowed us to change course and to look anew at our priorities in the future.
我們完全有理由相信中國將會成功，中國近30年來創造的非凡業績將會保持下去。我們也完全有理由相信，美國將再次贏得美利堅強國的卓越地位。你們知道， 我們是一個善於迎逆境而起的國家。我想我們將來回顧這幾年時，會把這段時間視為促使我們改變方針、從新的角度審視我們今後各項重點的時期。
高中時期大學是充滿好奇,令人嚮往的.而來到浙大,初次經歷了一個月的學習與生活,我漸漸地發現大學並不是一個可以瘋玩,輕鬆自在的.大學是一個新的開始,你可以努力學習,也可以從此墮落.態度決定一切,在我認為大學應該像高中一樣充實,而學習到更全面的知識與能力.
大學時期是一個人最關鍵的時期,你能為自己的夢想而努力奮鬥,你能離開父母獨自生活,你能參加各種社團培養自己的領導力與組織能力,你能學習自己愛好的各種課程,你能自主分配時間從而達到效率的最大化.大學就像一個小社會,我們再獲取知識的同時,更要注重能力於品德的培養,並提高自身的自學能力及再社會中生存的能力.
作為一名學生,學習當然非常重要,但大學的學習方式與高中有很大的不同,自主性非常強,課程是自己選的,學習時間是自己分配的,當然課程的難度也隨之增加,在這一個月的學習中,我對微積分和線性代數已經有點害怕了,若是上課前不提早預習,老師的講課我將很難跟上,這樣課堂學習的效率就大大降低了.其實大學的所有課程都是一樣的,不再是老師帶著你走到底,而僅是給們開了個門,深入的學習與思考需我們在課後的自主學習時間多下功夫.此外,大學的主要目的是拓寬我們的知識面,不僅僅是學習好專業知識就夠了.我們還應該學會利用學校為我們提供的豐富資源.比如說圖書館,那裡有很多藏書,我們應該好好利用它提高自己.浙江大學的通識教育是十分必要的,在這個高速發展的社會中,狹隘的知識面會給人很大的束縛,因此對於我這個工科生,多學習人文方面知識也是非常必要的.
已經說過大學是一個小社會，在這裡我們要將各方面的能力加以提升，同時注重自身品德的修養，這是為將來走向社會打好基礎。平時不能光埋頭讀書，參加各項志願者活動以及社團活動，在其中我們能得到在真實社會中的工作經歷而犯錯誤所需承擔的代價卻遠比社會上低，大學是一個難得的鍛鍊的機會，千萬不能在無所事事或死讀書中錯過。儘管有些工作我們完成有難度，我們不要輕言放棄，尋求他人幫助並勇敢面對，積極從中學習，也許我們以後的工作中就能用到了。剛來大學我感覺到大學的人更分散了，班主任，輔導員，行政班的同學都不經常碰頭，一起上課的同學也是偶爾遇到，這與以前同班同學熱熱鬧鬧生活的狀況有天壤之別，可能自己熟悉的也就高中一起來的和同寢室的了。但這也正是考驗我們的人際交往能力，多主動與人交流是你會發現其實大家都很熱情，同時你自己也增長了不少見識，做一個悶葫蘆是很難拓寬自己的人際圈的。
總而言之,大學是自由的,不同的態度決定不同的大學生活,我將用熱情與勤奮過一個充實而又意義的4年.
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