franklin delano roosevelt:
first fireside chat the banking crisismy friends: i want to talk for a few minutes with the people of the united states about banking -- to talk with the comparatively few who understand the mechanics of banking, but more particularly with the overwhelming majority of you who use banks for the making of deposits and the drawing of checks.
i want to tell you what has been done in the last few days, and why it was done, and what the next steps are going to be.
i recognize that the many proclamations from state capitols and from washington, the legislation, the treasury regulations, and so forth, couched for the most part in banking and legal terms, out to be explained for the benefit of the average citizen.
i owe this, in particular, because of the fortitude and the good temper with which everybody has accepted the inconvenience and hardships of the banking holiday.
and i know that when you understand what we in washington have been about, i shall continue to have your cooperation as fully as i have had your sympathy and your help during the past week.
first of all, let me state the simple fact that when you deposit money in a bank, the bank does not put the money into a safe deposit vault.
it invests your money in many different forms of credit -- in bonds, in commercial paper, in mortgages and in many other kinds of loans.
in other words, the bank puts your money to work to keep the wheels of industry and of agriculture turning around.
a comparatively small part of the money that you put into the bank is kept in currency -- an amount which in normal times is wholly sufficient to cover the cash needs of the average citizen.
in other words, the total amount of all the currency in the country is only a comparatively small proportion of the total deposits in all the banks of the country.
what, then, happened during the last few days of february and the first few days of march? because of undermined confidence on the part of the public, there was a general rush by a large portion of our population to turn bank deposits into currency or gold -- a rush so great that the soundest banks couldnt get enough currency to meet the demand.
the reason for this was that on the spur of the moment it was, of course, impossible to sell perfectly sound assets of a bank and convert them into cash, except at panic prices far below their real value.
by the afternoon of march third, a week ago last friday, scarcely a bank in the country was open to do business.
範文二
dear schoolmates:
when you look the lovable animated cartoon, plays is in a stew human's computer games, rides the fast train, is answering transoceanic telephone time, ......not only your might once realize the science the strength, the science changed this world, also changed our life, the science side us.
opens for the 20th century the grand chapters, not only we discovered the humanity to experience the blood and the fire baptism in these hundred years, has created the innumerable scientific miracles. 19th century france famous science fiction writer of fiction verne fictionalizing, at that time let the human be inconceivable, he fantasized moon landing travel, the airplane, the long-range gun and so on, all 11 became the reality in the 20th century. in the 21st century today, the high tech is ubiquitous.
as cross-century one generation, how posture should we adapt the new century by, the load get up the new century heavy burden? not only science and technology changing with each new day, causes the science to serve for the most advanced technique, also more and more many seeps to during ours daily life, this needs us who is in the young people time to deeply love the science, the study science. participation science and technology “five small” competition, reading science and technology books, caused me to understand many truths. the precise robot, does not use the fuel the automobile, the hypothesized soccer game, high tech information transmission and so on, each one vivid interesting phenomena, aroused me to explore the science the desire.
our each people all want to study the science, the dissemination civilization, while enjoys the new life, must create the new life, now, the technical product renewal speeds up unceasingly, the visible television, the computer surfer, the pacemaker, already did not calculate was fresh. vacuum cleaner invented which from 1901, to the artificial earth satellite, carried the human spaceship, the science and technology demonstrates the formidable strength in the different domain. electronic industry, communication technology daily popularization, nanotechnology, superconductivity material widespread application, soon one day, perhaps in yours dinner table, can appear likely bio-engineering foods and so on outer space green pepper, man-made beefsteak. studies the science and technology, is not merely in order to become the scientist, also is for can adapt the life, more has been able to become the new century the master, the load gets up the new century, is the national construction, makes the contribution for the human culture.
since new china had been established, our country's technical development progresses by leaps and bounds, the synthesized insulin, finishes a job plants, the hybrid rice again, explodes atomic bomb and hydrogen bomb, launch satellite and airship and so on, these technical achievement which focuses attention on the common people, reduced our country and the advanced countries science and technology disparity greatly, has poured into the vigor for our country's modernization. grandpa deng xiaoping said “the science and technology is the first productive forces”, indeed so, the science has inserted the wing for our motherland soaring. chairman mao zedong once said to the youth that, the world was you, also is we, but is your in the final analysis. this speech, has been full of the elders to our earnest expectation. if the elders have constructed the 20th century motherlands with the industrious work, that, we should by the knowledge, get up the new century heavy burden by the scientific load.
schoolmates, we are being at the growth developmental stage, the study science, lets us start since childhood. we must learn each kind of literacy class diligently, because this is all study foundation; at the same time, to each kind the popular science books, the publication which suits our elementary student to look, should better read some in the after school; also should begin to do each science small experiment, the small manufacture positively, writes the science small paper and so on, raises to the science interest. long this gets down, we can certainly deeply love the science, has the rich scientific knowledge. humanity's wisdom is infinite, regardless of is us's challenger number detonation, the whole world computer virus' promotion, always all cannot prevent humanity's advance in technology. “the knowledge is the strength”, bacon this sentence enjoys great popularity the maxim did not know had driven how many earnestly seeks the knowledge human. now, lets us also use it to encourage oneself, makes one to deeply love the science the new generation, the load gets up the new century heavy responsibility, for our motherland tomorrow, will compose a more magnificent poem!
thanks everybody.