last year when i was here, i was speaking to you about a swim which i did across the north pole.去年，當我站在這裡的時候，我在談論我橫跨 北極的游泳。
and while that swim took place three years ago, i can remember it as if it was yesterday.那還是發生在3年前， 對我則好像是昨天一般。
i remember standing on the edge of the ice, about to dive into the water, and thinking to myself, i have never ever seen any place on this earth which is just so frightening.我還記得我站在冰層的邊緣， 就要扎進水裡， 然後我自己想到，我再也再也 不要看到地球上的這個地方，這裡是如此的讓人恐懼。
the water is completely black.the water is minus 1.7 degrees centigrade, or 29 degrees fahrenheit.it's flipping freezing in that water.
那裡的水是全黑色。水的溫度是負1.7攝氏度， 華氏29度。那水裡就是翻動的冰塊。
and then a thought came across my mind: if things go pear-shaped on this swim, how long will it take for my frozen body to sink the four and a half kilometers to the bottom of the ocean?然後一個念頭在我腦中划過： 如果這場泳出了點問題， 我這冰凍的身體要花多長時間 才能沉到這4500米的底部呢?
and then i said to myself, i've just got to get this thought out of my mind as quickly as possible.然後我告誡我自己，我要把這個念頭儘快的 拋在我的腦後。
and the only way i can dive into that freezing cold water and swim a kilometer is by listening to my ipod and really revving myself up,能讓我扎入 這冰冷的水裡 然後遊了4千米的唯一方法就是 聽著我的ipod，讓我自己全力運轉起來，
listening to everything from beautiful opera all the way across to puff daddy, and then committing myself a hundred percent -- there is nothing more powerful than the made-up mind --and then walking up to the edge of the ice and just diving into the water.
我聽了所有的歌，從華麗的歌劇 到吹牛老爹， 然後全身心的投入 沒有什麼比下定決心還要厲害的 --然後走到凍的邊緣 扎入水裡。
and that swim took me 18 minutes and 50 seconds, and it felt like 18 days.這次游泳花了我 18分50秒， 但好像是18天一樣。
and i remember getting out of the water and my hands feeling so painful and looking down at my fingers, and my fingers were literally the size of sausages because -- you know, we're made partially of water -- when water freezes it expands, and so the cells in my fingers had frozen and expandedand burst.
我記得當我從水裡出來時 我的手時如此的疼痛 然後我看著我的手指， 我的手指真的像香腸一樣粗，因為--你們知道了，我們身體一部分由水組成 -- 當水結冰時會膨脹， 這樣我手指的里細胞 就冷凍了，膨脹了炸裂了。and the most immediate thought when i came out of that water was the following: i'm never, ever going to do another cold water swim in my life again.我從水裡上岸的一瞬間的想法 時這樣的： 我一生中 再也再也不要去在冰冷的水裡游泳了。
anyway, last year, i heard about the himalayas and the melting of the -- (laughter) and the melting of the glaciers because of climate change.就這樣，去年，我聽到了喜馬拉雅山 以及那裡融化的--(笑) 因為氣候變化 所融化的冰川。
i heard about this lake, lake imja.我聽說了這個湖泊，映佳湖。
this lake has been formed in the last couple of years because of the melting of the glacier.這個湖是幾年前 由於冰川融化所形成的。
the glacier's gone all the way up the mountain and left in its place this big lake.這些冰川順山而下 然後在這裡留下了這個大湖。
and i firmly believe that what we're seeing in the himalayas is the next great, big battleground on this earth.由此我堅信 我要去看見的喜馬拉雅 就是我下一個在地球上的 戰場。
nearly two billion people -- so one in three people on this earth -- rely on the water from the himalayas.將近20億的人口 -- 世界上三分之一的地球人口 -- 依靠著喜馬拉雅山的水源。
and with a population increasing as quickly as it is, and with the water supply from these glaciers -- because of climate change --decreasing so much, i think we have a real risk of instability.而世界人口照這個速度發展下去， 而冰川水源的提供 -- 由於氣候的變化 --下降的如此之快， 我像我們就有了一個十分不穩定的威脅。
north, you've got china; south, you've india, pakistan, bangladesh, all these countries.北方，我們由中國;南方，我們有印度，巴基斯坦，孟加拉， 和其它所有國家。
and so i decided to walk up to mt. everest, the highest mountain on this earth, and go and do a symbolic swim underneath the summit of mt. everest.這樣我決定了 登上珠峰， 地球上的最高峰， 如何在珠峰下 游一次具有象徵意義的泳。
now, i don't know if any of you have had the opportunity to go to mt. everest, but it's quite an ordeal getting up there.我不知道，你們是否有機會去珠峰， 但是要去那的話，是一個考驗。
28 great, big, powerful yaks carrying all the equipment up onto this mountain -- i don't just have my speedo, but there's a big film crew who then send all the images around the world.28隻巨大的氂牛 載著所有的儀器登上山峰 -- 我不僅僅帶這我的泳褲。 還有一個攝像團隊這個攝像團隊，會向世界各地直播。
the other thing which was so challenging about this swim is not just the altitude.這次游泳的挑戰不僅僅只有 海拔。
i wanted to do the swim at 5,300 meters above sea level.我想做的是在5300米的海平面上游泳。
so it's right up in the heavens.所以直達天堂。
it's very, very difficult to breath. you get altitude sickness.這裡呼吸十分，十分困難。你會有高原反應。
i feels like you've got a man standing behind you with a hammer just hitting your head all the time.你會感到有一個人不停的那著一把錘子 在敲你的後腦勺。
that's not the worst part of it.這還不是最差的。
the worst part was this year was the year where they decided to do a big cleanup operation on mt. everest.最糟糕的是，這一年他們決定 在珠峰上做一個大掃除。
many, many people have died on mt. everest, and this was the year they decided to go and recover all the bodies of the mountaineers and then bring them down the mountain.許多人死在珠峰上， 然後今年，他們決定 收回珠峰上所有的屍體然後把他們帶下山。
and when you're walking up the mountain to attempt to do something which no human has ever done before, and, in fact, no fish -- there are no fish up there swimming at 5,300 meters --而當你想上山 做一些事情 一些沒有人做過的事情，事實上，魚都沒游過。 在5300米的海拔高度上，沒有任何魚在那裡游過。
when you're trying to do that, and then the bodies are coming past you, it humbles you, and you also realize very, very clearly that nature is so much more powerful than we are.當你嘗試著去做這些事情， 然後你看到這些屍體和你擦肩而過， 這讓人不禁有些氣餒， 也讓你就會清晰的認識到 自然比我們要強大多了。
and we walked up this pathway, all the way up.然後我們就沿著這條路 一直走上去。
and to the right hand side of us was this great khumbu glacier.然後在我們的右手邊 是巨大的昆布冰川。
and all the way along the glacier we saw these big pools of melting ice.然後，我們在沿路經過所看到的冰川的 都是一大塊融化的冰塊。
and then we got up to this small lake underneath the summit of mt. everest, and i prepared myself the same way as i've always prepared myself,for this swim which was going to be so very difficult.然後我們到達在珠峰下 的一個小湖這 然後我開始準備自己， 像往常一樣準備自己，因為這樣的游泳方式會是十分艱難的。
i put on my ipod, i listened to some music, i got myself as aggressive as possible -- but controlled aggression -- and then i hurled myself into that water.我帶上我的ipod, 我聽聽歌， 我讓我能有多激奮就多激奮-- 但是是可以控制的激奮 -- 然後我把我自己扎進水裡。
i swam as quickly as i could for the first hundred meters, and then i realized very, very quickly, i had a huge problem on my hands.我盡力的游著 最起碼在前一百米， 然後，我突然意識到， 我面臨一個巨大的問題。
i could barely breathe.我幾乎不能呼吸。i was gasping for air.我喘了一口氣。i then began to choke, and then it quickly led to me vomiting in the water.然後我開始嗆水了， 這導致我在水裡嘔吐。
and it all happened so quickly: i then -- i don't know how it happened -- but i went underwater.這一切發生的如此之快 然後 -- 我不知到是怎么發生的 -- 但是我沉入水底。
and luckily, the water was quite shallow, and i was able to push myself off the bottom of the lake and get up and then take another gasp of air.但幸運的是，水比較的淺， 我可以從湖底跳起來 然後喘另一口氣。
and then i said, carry on. carry on. carry on.然後我說道，堅持，堅持，堅持。
i carried on for another five or six strokes, and then i had nothing in my body, and i went down to the bottom of the lake.我繼續劃了五到六下水， 然後我就筋疲力盡了， 我沉入湖底。
and i don't where i got it from, but i was able to somehow pull myself up and as quickly as possible get to the side of the lake.但是我不知從哪來的力氣， 我可以就這樣 把自己從湖底以最快的速度 弄到湖的岸邊。
i've heard it said that drowning is the most peaceful death that you can have.我聽說過溺水 是你可以死的最安詳的方式。
i have never, ever heard such utter bollocks.我從來沒有聽過 這樣的胡說八道。
(laughter) it is the most frightening and panicky feeling that you can have.(笑) 這是你們所感受過的 最恐懼，最驚慌的感覺。
i got myself to the side of the lake.我把我自己拽到湖岸。
my crew grabbed me, and then we walked as quickly as we could down -- over the rubble -- down to our camp.我的隊友抓住了我， 然後我們以最快的速度 下山--在碎石中-- 到達我們的營地。
and there, we sat down, and we did a debrief about what had gone wrong there on mt. everest.在那裡，我們坐下來， 然後我們做了一下在珠峰 哪裡出錯的報告。
and my team just gave it to me straight.然後我的隊員直接告訴我。
they said, lewis, you need to have a radical tactical shift if you want to do this swim.他們說道，lewis, 你要有一個 劇烈的戰術變化 如果你想完成這個游泳。
every single thing which you have learned in the past 23 years of swimming, you must forget.你必須忘掉 在23年裡所學到的游泳 里所有的東西。
every single thing which you learned when you were serving in the british army, about speed and aggression, you put that to one side.以及忘掉你在英國部隊里 所學習的， 關於那些速度和激奮， 你要先放在一旁。
we want you to walk up the hill in another two days' time.我們想讓你花兩天走上山。
take some time to rest and think about things.花點時間休息和思考。
we want you to walk up the mountain in two days' time, and instead of swimming fast, swim as slowly as possible.instead of swimming crawl, swim breaststroke.我們想讓你花兩天走上山。 不要游的太快， 但是慢慢的游。不用自由式，但是用蛙泳。
and remember, never ever swim with aggression.然後記住，不要游太激奮。
this is the time to swim with real humility.是時候謙遜地 去游泳了。
and so we walked back up to the mountain two days later.所以我們又走了回去 兩天后回到山峰下。
and i stood there on the edge of the lake, and i looked up at mt. everest -- and she is one of the most beautiful mountains on the earth --我站在那 在湖的邊緣， 然後望向珠峰 -- 她是地球上最美麗的山峰之一 --
and i said to myself, just do this slowly.我就像這樣慢慢的對我自己說道。
and i swam across the lake.然後我游過了這個湖泊。
and i can't begin to tell you how good i felt when i came to the other side.我無法告訴你們 當我到達湖的另一邊時 我感覺有多好。
but i learned two very, very important lessons there on mt. everest, and i thank my team of sherpas who taught me this.但是我從珠峰學習到兩個十分，十分 重要的教訓。 我十分感謝我隊伍中的夏爾巴告訴了我這些。
the first one is that just because something has worked in the past so well, doesn't mean it's going to work in the future.第一個就是 一個事情無論原來是怎樣的， 並不代表在未來就會怎樣。
and similarly, now, before i do anything, i ask myself what type of mindset do i require to successfully complete a task.相同的， 現在，在我做一件事情之前， 我問到我自己，我需要 怎樣的一種態度 才能成功的完成我的任務。
and taking that into the world of climate change -- which is, frankly, the mt. everest of all problems -- just because we've lived the way we have lived for so long,just because we have consumed the way we have for so long and populated the earth the way we have for so long, doesn't mean that we can carry on the way we are carrying on.然後這樣來想一想氣候變化， 那是，說實話， 珠峰和其他所有的問題-- 不能因為我們已經像這樣生活了這么長時間，不能因為我們已經像這樣消費了那么長時間 不能因為我們像這樣人口增長了這么長時間， 就意味著我們可以這樣像以往一樣堅持下去。
the warning signs are all there.警告信號就在那。
when i was born, the world's population was 3.5 billion people.當我出生時，世界的人口 只有35億。
we're now 6.8 billion people, and we're expected to be 9 billion people by 2050.現在有68億 然後我們預計在2050年有 90億。
and then the second lesson, the radical, tactical shift.這裡就有第二個教訓， 劇烈的戰術改變。
and i've come here to ask you today: what radical tactical shift can you take in your relationship to the environment, which will ensure我今天來到這裡問你們： 你在你的環境裡 能做出怎樣的劇烈的戰術轉變 才能保證
that our children and our grandchildren live in a safe world and a secure world, and most importantly, in a sustainable world?我們的子孫 能居住在一個安全的 一個保險的世界， 最重要的是，一個可持續發展的世界?
and i ask you, please, to go away from here and think about that one radical tactical shift which you could make, which will make that big difference,然後我要求你，請你們，從這裡出發 然後想像 你要做怎樣的 激進的戰術變化， 才能做出巨大的改變，
and then commit a hundred percent to doing it.如何下定決心去做。
blog about it, tweet about it, talk about it, and commit a hundred percent, because very, very few things are impossible to achieve if we really put our whole minds to it.些關於這些變化的部落格，微博，談論一下， 然後全身心投入。 因為如果我們 全身心投入，只有很少事情是不可能的。
so thank you very, very much.所以，十分感謝你們。
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