初三英語重點難點解析
Unit 5 The Accident
本單元要求學生更好地掌握過去進行時態的各種句式,並能活學活用;掌握用“had better”等來提出建 議的句式,通過做18課的練習2之後,使學生逐漸了解如何進行課文縮寫。可以模訪第19課的“ACCIDENT
REPORT”進行練習。
一、提出建議並能作出恰當的回答
在第二冊第6單元已經學到過用“shall”,“Let’s”和“why not”來提出建議,並作簡略回答。
如:
①-Shall we go at ten?
-Good idea!
②-Let's go at ten?
-OK!
③-Why not go at ten?-All right.
這一單元里,主要學習有關“had better”的用法。“had better+動詞原形”表示“最好做某事”,用 來向別人提出建議,其形式可以縮寫為“d better”。如:
①You'd better do your homework now.
②We'd better go to school.
“had better”的否定形式為“had better not…”如:You'd better not watch TVnow.
二、學習過去進行時的各種句式
在前一單元里,已經學習了過去進行時的構成和用法,這一單元著重學習它的否定句式、一般疑問句式及 在從句中的用法。
1.過去進行時的否定式在助動詞“be(was或were)”後面加上“not”即可。如:
I was not washing clothes last night.
2.過去進行時的一般疑問句式為:助動詞“was或were”在句首。如:
—Was Tom writing a letter at seven yesterday?
—Yes,he was.(No,he wasn't.)
3.在含“when”和“while”(當……時)引導的時間狀語從句的複合句中,常有過去進行時,表示一個 動作在過去某一時刻或一段時間內正在進行或發生。這一過去進行時的動作可以出現在主句,也可以出現在從 句中,但要注意的是,用該時態的動詞常常是一個持續性動詞。如:
①Someone knocked at the door when I was cook-ing
② While we were talking,my mother came in.
③ The twins were sweeping the floor when their mother returned.
另外,含“when”的複合句中,主句用過去進行時,從句用一般過去時的情況下,常包含有“意外”之概 念,如前例③。
三、重點、難點詞組和句子的分析
1. You look tired today. (2.17)(你看上去很累。)
該句中的“look”意為“看起來”,是系動詞,而在這種系動詞後面常用形容詞作表語如look young/hap y/old/…等,另外,“look”也可用作實義動詞,並且有許多相關詞組,如:look at …(看…)look like… (看起來像……),look the same(看起來很相像),look for…(尋找……),look after…(照料/照看 ……)等等。當然,不能再用形容詞來作表語或修飾它,如果要修飾,只能用副詞。如:
Please look after your watch carefull.
2. A woman saw it happen when she was walking past.(L17)
表示感覺的動詞如“see,hear,watch”等以及一些其它動詞如“make,let”等,後接不定式作其賓語補 足語時,該不定式前不帶“to”。如:
①I’m tired.Let me have a short rest.
②Do you often hear Tom sing this song?
③I saw him go out.(我看到他出去了。)
另外,“see,hear,watch”等還可後接現在分詞作其賓語補足語。如:
I heard someone laughing. (我聽到有人在笑。)
3.The children were leaving school on Tues-day when they saw a truck. (2.18)
該句中有二點需要注意:
①“were leaving”是過去進行時的形式表示過去將來的動作,即“正要離開……”。在英語中,個別動 詞如:“leave,go, come,start”等,它們的進行時形式可以表示一個最近按計畫或安排要進行的動作。如 :
Are you going home next week?
②“leave school表示“(學生)離校;畢業”;中間不加冠詞。又如;go to school/come to school( 上學)。類似的表達法如: in hospita1(住院),leave hospital/come out of hospita1(出院)。注意比較下 句中冠詞的區別;
His mother often goes to ____the school to seeher son at ______ school.
4.He did not see the bag until it was too late: (L18)
“not…until…” 是“直到 ……才……”如:
①. She won.'t go away until you promise, to help her.
②. I didn't go home until I finished cleaning the classroom.
5. It's really nice of you. (L18)
該句相當於“It's very kind of you.”(你真好。)
6. He told her about the accident. (L18) “tell sb. about/of sth.”意為:“告訴某有關某事或 跟某人講述某事”。如:
Please tell me about your family.
另外, “tell sb. sth./tell sth. to sb.” “告訴某人某事”, “tell sb. todo sth. ”:“叫某 人做某事”。如:
① I told him my name.
② My grandfarther often told us stories when we were children.
③ She told the happy news to everyone.
④ Tell him to wait for me at the school gate.
7. Please hurry up! (L18)
Miss zhao hurried off to look after the man.(L18) “hurry up”; “趕快”;“hurry off”; “匆匆離去”如:
① Hurry up, or you'll be late for school.
② Tom finished the work and hurried off.
8. Give short answers to these questions.(L20)
一般地,在表示“……的”時,可以用以下四種形式:
① 's: 通常在表有生命的事物後,以“s”結尾的複數名詞只加“’”即可。如:
Tom's coat. Teachers' Day, Children's Day等。
另外,一些無生命的如表示“時間、城鎮”等的名詞後,也可加“s'”。如:
Tomorrow's meeting, the city's streets, etc.
② of:通常是與無生命事物的名詞相連。如:
Parts of China, a photo of my family
③ to:一些表達法已成為習慣,有時我們可理解為配套的事物。如:the key to thedoor, answers to t he questions.
④形容詞性物主代詞置於名詞前。如:my book.
Unit 6. In the library
一、語法:現在完成時(一)
1、構成:助動詞have/has+動詞的過去分詞
2、主要用法:(一)動作發生在過去,對現在留有影響,可以與到現在為止的時間狀語these days, up
to now, recently, in the last two years連用,也可以與一些表示強調的副詞aleady,yet,just, before, ever…eg.連用:I have (already) seen the film.
Have you ever been there (before )?
注意:A、動詞過去分詞的變化有兩種,一種與過去式的規則變化一樣(即在動詞後加ed);另一種為不 規則變化,需要熟讀熟記。規則變化如下:
1)動詞原形加ed,如:work--worked
2)以e結尾加d,如:like--liked
3)以輔音字母加y結尾的動詞,變y為i,再加ed,如:worry--worried
4)以重讀閉音節結尾,詞尾只有一個輔音字母的動詞,雙寫這個輔音字母再加ed,如:stop--stopped
B.現在完成時與一般過去時的區別在於:一般過去時只單純表示過去的動作和狀態,與現在無任何聯繫 ,時間狀語常為:yesterday, last week,3days ago, in 1990; 現在完成時則強調動作與現在的聯繫、影響 和結果。
eg. Have you seen the film? Yes, I have.
When did you see it? I saw it last week.
二、辭彙與句型
have got=have
1.I think I've got one. {
has got=has
2.Here you are.這是一種倒裝語序,常用在口語中。
Can I use yourpen for a while?
eg.{
Certainly.Here you are.
類似的還有:There goes the bell.
Here comes the bus.
3.Have you seen it anywhere?
anywhere常用於疑問句和否定句;some where表示某個地方,常用於肯定句;no where=not anywhere, e verywhene, 是處處、到處的意思。
eg. I can't find my pen anywhere.
He has borrowed some money somewhere.
I have looked for my lost bike everywhere.
Where likes them to borrow them.
{
Nowhere.
4.She also likes them to borrow them.
borrow : 借來,借進,與form連用。
詞組:borrow sth.from sb.
{
lend:借來,與to連用。詞組:
{lend sb.sth.lend sth.to sb.
eg. Whom have you borrowed the bike from?
Can you lend me your bike?
wifh sb.
5.She is very strict, be strict{
in sth.
eg. She is strict in her job.
Our teacher is strict with us.
6.Please be more careful from now on.
from now on:從現在起,還有from tomorrow on, from then on, from next weekon.
7.I have never lost a book before. ago與before都是副詞,前者用於過去時,後者用於現在完成時 ,泛指以前。
eg. I lost my pen three days ago.
I haven't seen such a good film before.
8.We must both thank Lucy !注意both,all,each作同位語的位置:1.放在be動詞後;2.放在行 為動詞前;3.放在助動詞與謂語動詞中:
eg. We are all students. They have both gone there.
We each have an English book.
9.You must always return your library book on time.
return表示give back, 故後面不再跟back.
on a train
10.{ by train不能加冠詞或任何修飾詞,類似的有:in a car,on my bike,
by trainby bus,by bike,by air…
11.……,you must pay for it. pay for sth.“付…的錢,賠償…”
eg. I paid two yuan for the book.
初三英語重點難點解析