民商法學與經濟法學專業辭彙
civil laws, commercial laws and economic laws
按照出資比例：in proportion to one’s respective contributions to the investment
辦理註銷登記：cancel the registration
被代理人：the principal
被侵權人 the infringed
本人名義：in one’s name
標的subject matter
補償制度compensation system
不動產登記制 lot and block system
財產法 property law
財產的添附 accretion of property; property accession
財產抵押權 property mortgage
財產繼承權：the right of inheritance
財產關係和人身關係：property relationships and personal relationships
財產管理人 property administrator; custodian of property
財產混同 confusion; hotchpot
財產留置權 encumbrance
採用書面形式：in writing
倉單 warehouse voucher
草簽契約 initial a contract; sign a referendum contract; ad referendum contract
長期契約 long-term contract
償付能力 solvency capability of reimbursement
超越代理權：beyond the scope of one’s power of agency
撤消契約cancellation of contract
撤銷契約 cancel a contract; rescind a contract; avoid a contract
撤銷權 right of rescission; right of revocation
撤銷要約 revocation of offer; revoke an offer
撤銷遺贈 cancellation o will; revocationi of will
承運人 actual fault of the carrier
承運人的留置權 carrier’s lien
誠信原則 principle of good faith
誠實信用原則：principle honesty and credibility; principle of honestry and good faith; good faith principle ; bona fide principle
船舶承租人 charterer
船舶抵押權 right of mortgage with respect to a ship; mortage of the ship; ship mortgage
船舶抵押權的設定 establishment of mortgage of the ship
船舶抵押的消滅 extinguishments of the mortgage of the ship
船舶抵押權登記 registration of ship mortgage
船舶留置權 possessory lien; lien of ship
村民委員會：the village committee
懲罰性的損害賠償 punitive damages
乘人之危：take advantage of one’s unfavorable position
處分財產 dispose of properties
處分權 act of disposition
處分原則 principle of disposition
代理民事活動：be represented in civil activities by
代理權終止：the expiration of one’s power of agency
單獨承擔的責任 undivided responsibility
單方法律行為unilateral obligation
單方行政行為 unilateral administrative act
等價有償：making compensation for equal value
對等原則 principle of reciprocity
對價consideration
對抗措施counter measure
對人權right in personam; personal right
對世權 real right; right in rem
惡意串通：conspire maliciously
惡意行為ill will mala fides
法人 judicial person; legal body
法人的權利能力 legal capacity of juristic person
法人的責任能力 capacity for responsibility of juristic person
法人許可權 corporate power
法人人格 corporate personality
法人身份 status of a legal person
法人團體 corporation
法人資格 corporate capacity
法人組織章程：the articles of association of the legal person
負共同連帶責任 liable jointly and severally
負全部責任 bear all responsibilities; in all charge
負有解釋的義務 accountable
負有連帶義務的每個債務人：each of the joint debtors
附帶的條件 incident
附帶要求 contingent claim
附帶原因 contributory cause; inherent cause
附條件的民事法律行為：conditional civil juristic acts
附條件的權利 conditional right
賦予權力 entitle
個體工商戶：individual businesses
個人合夥：individual partnership
各盡所能，按勞分配 from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs
給付定金：leave a deposit with the other party
工商行政管理機關：the administrative agency for industry and commerce
公民基本義務 fundamental duties of citizens
契約contract
契約法 contract law
契約副本 copies of the contract
契約規定 contract provisions/stipulations
契約履行地法 lex loci contractus
契約期限contract period (or contract term)
契約條款contract terms (or contract clause)
契約有效期contract life
契約正本 originals of the contract
合伙人：partners
合議制 collegial system
核准登記的經營範圍：within the range approved and registered
恢復原狀 recovery of original state; restitution; restoration of he original conditions; retitutio in integrum
集體所有制企業：an enterprise under collective ownership
技術契約糾紛案件 controversy over a technology contract
監護人：guardian
經主管機關核准登記：approved and registered by the competent authority
居民委員會：the neighborhood committee
履行監護職責：fulfill duty of guardianship
埋藏物、隱藏物：buried or concealed object
買賣、出租、抵押、轉讓：be sold, leased, mortgaged or transferred
農村承包經營戶：leaseholding farm households
平等主體：civil subjects with equal status
企業法人被撤銷：the dissolution of an enterprise as legal person
企業法人分立、合併：the division and merger of an enterprise as legal person
企業法人解散：disbanding of an enterprise as legal person
契約自由 liberty of contract
取得不當得利：profits acquired improperly and without a lawful basis
取得法人資格：be qualified as a legal person
全民所有制企業：an enterprise owned by the whole people
讓與 alien; alienate; assign; cede
讓與的利益 benefit of cession
讓與權 benefit of cessioni
設定義務的規則 rule of imposing duty
設立、變更、終止民事關係：establish, change or terminate civil relationship
所有權 ownership
書面契約 a written contract
雙倍返還定金：repay the deposit in double
雙方法律行為 bilateral legal transaction
擅自變更或者解除（民事法律行為）：alter or rescind one’s act arbitrarily
他物權 right over the property of another
提供一定的財產作為抵押物：offer a specific property as a pledge
違反契約breach of contract
委託代理：entrusted agency
委託代理人：an entrusted agent
無過錯責任 liability without negligence
無民事行為能力人：a person having no capacity for civil conduct
無因管理：act as manager or provide services in order to protect another person’s interests when he is not legally or contractually obligated to do so
下落不明 one’s whereabouts have been unknown
限制民事行為能力人：a person with limited capacity for civil conduct
享有連帶權利的每個債權人：each of the joint creditors
行使代理權：exercise the power of agency
宣告為無（限制）民事行為能力人：declare … to be a person to be without or with limited capacity for civil conduct
遺失物、漂流物：lost-and-found objects, flotsam
以抵押物折價或者以變賣抵押物的價款優先得到償還：to keep the pledge to offset the debt or have priority in satisfying his claim out of the proceeds from the sale of the pledge
以合法形式掩蓋非法目的：perform under the guise of legitimate acts which conceal illegitimate purposes
以欺詐、脅迫的手段：as a result of cheating or coercion
意思表示 show one’s intention
意思表示真實：the intention expressed is genuine
優先購買的權利：a right of pre-emption
優先權 priority, preemptive right
有過錯的一方：the erring party
有連帶責任的 conjunctly and severally
有權向債務人追償：have the right to claim repayment from the debto
造成財產損失：cause any property loss
責任能力 capacity for responsibility
責任年齡 capacity of responsibility; year of discretion
債的標的 object of obligation
債的發生 creation of obligation
債的消滅 extinction of obligation
占有人有權留置該財產：the possessor shall have a lien on the property
指定代理：appointed agency
執行契約 carry out a contract, execute/implement/fulfill/perform a contract
主要辦事機構：the main administrative office
追償：claim compensation from
住所：domicile