考研英語核心辭彙辨析(黑魔方系列2008版之三)

aggravate, reinforce, increase, strengthen, intensify

這一組動詞都有"加強"的意思。

aggravate v.加重(負擔、罪行、病情等),使之惡化。

i hurt my foot, then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.我的腳受傷了,而過早的下地走路又加重了傷情。

reinforce v.增援,一般用於軍隊或警察的行動;(以添加材料等)加固。

a police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.一位警察看到三個盜賊搶劫銀行,用無線電話要求增援。

increase v.指數量上的增加。

the number of people has been increased.人數增加了。

strengthen v.加強,鞏固,增強,相當於to become stronger。

exercising every day strengthens the heart.每天鍛鍊可以提高心臟的功能。

competition, they believe, strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人們認為競爭加強了民族性而不是破壞了它。

intensify v.使變得更強烈、劇烈,加劇,相當於to become more intense or intensive。

intensify colors加深色彩intensify hatred加深仇恨

alert, cautious, considerate

這一組形容詞都表示"小心的,謹慎的"。

alert a.警惕的,留神的。

the hostess remained standing, alert to every guests' drinking need.女主人一直站在旁邊,時刻準備給大家斟酒。

cautious a.細心的,謹慎的。

he has a cautious attitude about spending money.在花錢的問題上他態度謹慎。

considerate a.關心他人的,體貼的。

he is always considerate of others; he is kind and sympathetic.他總是很體諒他人,並且慈祥而富有同情心。

alive, live, living, lively

這一組形容詞都跟"活"有關。

alive a.活著的,有活力的,常作表語,作定語時必須後置。

after the accident, he was barely alive.交通事故後,他奄奄一息。

all man alive所有活著的人

live a.活的,有活力的,現場直播的,

we watched the live broadcast of the opera on tv.我們通過電視觀看了這部歌劇的實況。

living a.活著的,作定語可前可後,可修飾人也可修飾物。

who is the world's greatest living artist?誰是現在還健在的世界上最偉大的藝術家?

living room起居室

lively a.活潑的,栩栩如生的。

she is a lively young girl, always laughing and doing things.她是個活潑可愛的小姑娘,總是歡聲笑語忙個不停。

alleviate, diminish, reduce, decrease, decline

這一組動詞都有"減少,減輕"的意思。

alleviate v.在痛苦方面的減輕,緩和

the painkiller alleviated the pain.止疼藥減緩了疼痛。

diminish v.指因為不斷消耗,在數量方面緩慢減少,也指在素質或者價值的下降。

the supply of oil has diminished because of the war.由於戰爭石油的供應減少了。

reduce v.指人為地使某物在數量或重量方面的減少或降低。

he reduced the amount of money they could spend.他縮減了他們的開銷。

decrease v.指數量上的減少;力量或者強度的減弱。

the population decreased a lot last year.去年人口數量急劇下降。

decline v. (數目、價格、比率)下降;謝絕,婉言推辭;衰退,衰落。

last year, the crime rate in chicago has sharply declined.去年芝加哥的犯罪率明顯下降。

he declined our invitation to dinner.他婉拒了我們請他吃飯的邀請。

allocate, separate, detach, divide

這一組動詞都有"分開"的意思。

allocate v.分配,把……撥給。

the city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的預算中給學校和警察部門分配了資金。

separate v.人為地分開,使隔離開。

we separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.我們把沙拉叉與餐叉分隔開。

detach v.拆開組合的物體;遠離,疏遠。

we need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.我們需要一名木匠將書架從牆上拆下來。

divide v.指將整體分為若干個部分。

the huge corporation dividedsintossmaller companies.這家特大公司分成一些較小的公司。

ambiguous, obscure, vague, unclear, dim

這一組形容詞都有"模糊"的意思。

ambiguous a.意義含糊的,有歧義的,指因字、詞、句有歧義而使人感到模糊不清、難以理解和把握。

his ambiguous directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模稜兩可的指導使我們很迷惑以至於我們不知道該走哪條路了。

obscure a.用於表達因光線不足而使人看不清楚。該詞的引申意義可以表示語法、文字、記憶等因複雜、深奧、模稜兩可而使人看不懂和無法理解。

the poetry of ezra pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾茲拉·龐德的詩有時候難以理解,因為詩歌中含有許多令人費解的典故。

vague a.含混的,不清楚的,多用於比喻意義,用來表示因邏輯關係不清、言辭籠統而導致的意義不清楚,該詞也可表示輪廓形狀的不清楚和模糊。

he has some vague ideas about what to do, but nothing specific.他大概知道他要做什麼,但沒有具體的計畫。

unclear a.指句意、字跡不清楚,使人難以看懂;不肯定的。

unclear writing is difficult to understand.模糊的字跡使人難以辨認。

it is unclear whether the economy will get better.經濟是否好轉仍不明朗。

dim a.光線暗淡的,看不清的;記憶力模糊的;不大可能的。

don't work in dim light.不要在昏暗的光線下工作。

his changes of recovery from illness are dim.他康復的可能性十分渺茫。

amplify, enlarge, stretch, magnify, reinforce, expand

amplify v.擴大,增加,尤其指通過增強電壓或電流使聲音擴大;補充敘述(故事、事件等)。

we must ask you to amplify your statement.我們得請你對你的說法作進一步的說明。

enlarge v.擴大,多指具體物品如相片的放大。

enlarge photograph放大照片enlarge a house擴建房屋

stretch v. (有彈性地)伸展,延伸,並有可能超過限度;伸長、伸出(身體某部位)並繃緊肌肉(尤指在放鬆後或為了夠著某物)。

the pullover stretched after i had worn it a few times.這件套頭毛衣我穿了幾次之後就撐大了。

having finished their morning work, the clerks stood up behind their desks, stretching themselves.完成了早間工作之後,職員們站到桌子後面伸伸懶腰。

magnify v.放大,指用透鏡或顯微鏡使物體看上去大一些。

his eyeglasses magnify words so he can read them.他藉助眼睛把字放大以便能夠閱讀。

reinforce v.增援,加固。

expand v.指範圍、體積的擴大、增大,也可以指內容或細節的充實。

the balloon expanded, then exploded.氣球先是膨脹,然後就爆破了。

anger, fury, indignation, resentment

這一組名詞都有"憤怒、生氣"的意思。

anger n.氣憤,生氣,是一般用語。

after their argument, he expressed his anger by punching the other man in the face.爭吵之後,他一拳打在那個人的臉上以發泄怒氣。

fury n.暴怒,大怒,程度較anger要強。

indignation n.義憤,尤其指出於道義上的激憤。

general indignation at the sudden steep rise in bus fares公共汽車票價突然猛增激起的公憤

resentment n.憤恨,怨恨,不滿,是正式用語,尤指由於受侮辱或自尊心受到傷害後而產生的憤慨。

there was a feeling of resentment in the office after everyone's pay was lowered.大家的工資降低後,辦公室里怨聲載道。

apparent, evident, manifest, obvious, distinct

這一組形容詞都有"明顯的"之意。

apparent a.明顯的,顯而易見的,尤其指容易觀察到或認識到的事物。

he is very unhappy, and it is apparent that he wants to leave now.他很不高興,顯然他現在想走了。

evident a.明白的,明顯的,與apparent基本同意,多用於推理或由事實證明的事物。

it is evident that he is guilty; his fingerprints were found at the crime scene.顯然他是有罪的,在犯罪現場發現了他的指紋。

manifest a.清楚的,明顯的,多指根據外部特徵或跡象便能看出或了解其意義,常作表語。

her ability is manifest, but she is not attractive.她才能出眾,但長相併不動人。

obvious a.明顯的,顯而易見的,含有無可辯白,不需證明之意。

it is obvious that that woman has had too much to drink.很顯然,那個婦女酒喝的太多了。

distinct a.清楚的,明顯的;不同的,獨特的。修飾性質明顯不同的東西。

medical care has made a distinct improvement in his health.治療已使他的健康有了明顯的好轉。