今天我們講商務契約中的不可抗力條款、延期交貨和懲罰條款和仲裁條款：
15. force majeure 不可抗力條款
不可抗力條款 = 不可抗力時間 + （當事方）採取的行動
在運輸中，或許會遇到一些非人為因素的影響或者破壞，這個時候我們需要事先協商好如何解決以免發生不必要的爭執。
例1：如果遭遇無法控制的時間或情況應視為不可抗力，但不限於火災、風災、水災、地震、爆炸、叛亂、傳染、檢疫、隔離。如要是不可抗力一方不能履行契約規定下義務，另一方應將履行契約的時間延長，所延長的時間應於不可抗力事件的時間相等。
any event or circumstance beyond control shall be regarded as force majeure but not restricted to fire, wind, flood, earthquake, explosion, rebellion, epidemic, quarantine and segregation. in case either party that encounters force majeure fails to fulfill the obligation under the contract, the other party should extend the performance time by period equal to the time that fore majeure will last.
例2：如果不可抗力持續6個月以上，契約雙方應儘快通過友好協商的方式調整繼續履行契約事宜。如果雙方不能達成協定，則根據契約中第12條款通過仲裁決定。
if the force majeure last over 6 months, the two parties of the contract should settle the case of continuing the contract by friendly negotiation as soon as possible. should the two parties fail to reach an agreement will be settled by arbitration according to clause 12 of the contract thereof.
16. late delivery and penalty 延期交貨和懲罰條款
契約中，如果有一方未能完全履行契約，或者按照契約規定交貨，應該受到懲罰。
例1：如果乙方因自身原因而未準時完工，乙方應付違約罰款，每天按總價的千分之一計算，即一千二百六十美元整。
if party b fails to finish the work on schedule due to its own reason, he shall pay to the other party the penalty at 1‰ of the total value of the work per day, that is usd one thousand two hundred and sixty dollars.
例2：如果合資一方未能按本契約第5條規定按期付款，違約方應在逾期後一個月付給另一方10%的利息。如果違約方逾期3個月仍未如資，契約另一方根據本契約第53條規定有權終止契約並向違約方索賠損失。
should either joint-venturer fails to pay the contribution on schedule according to clause 5, the default party should pay the other 10% of the interest one month after the dead line. the other party shall hold right to terminate the contract or to claim the damage against / to him according to clause 53 thereof, if the default party has not done so three months after the deadline.
17. arbitration 仲裁條款
如果契約雙方產生爭議，往往有以下幾種解決方法：
1） negotiation 協商，這也是最好的解決方式。
2） consultation / mediation 調解，這個時候會有第三方的介入。
3） arbitration 仲裁，這是組織或者機構的介入。
4） litigation 起訴
大家來看看一份英文契約中的這段仲裁條款吧：
all disputes in connection with the contract or the execution thereof shall be settled through friendly negotiations. in case no settlement can be reached through negotiations, the case should then be submitted for arbitration to the foreign trade arbitration commission of the china council for the promotion of international trade. the arbitration shall take place in shanghai and the decision rendered by the said commission shall be final and binding upon both parties; neither party shall seek resource to the law court or other authorities for revising the decision. the arbitration fee shall be borne by the losing part.
契約的主體（body）到今天就講完了，大家都清楚了嗎？下一課我們將給這份契約劃一個完整的句號，講契約的尾部。