英語寫作常見錯誤與分析(一)

一. 不一致(Disagreements)

所謂不一致不光指主謂不一致,它還包括了數的不一致 時態不一致及代詞不一 致等.

例1. When one have money ,he can do what he want to .

(人一旦有了錢,他就能想乾什麼就乾什麼.)

剖析:one是單數第三人稱,因而本句的have應改為has ;同理,want應改為wants.本句是典型的主謂不一致.

改為: Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)

二. 修飾語錯位(Misplaced Modifiers)

英語與漢語不同,同一個修飾語置於句子不同的位置,句子的含義可能引起變化.對於這一點中國學生往往沒有引起足夠的重視,因而造成了不必要的誤解.例1. I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

剖析:better位置不當,應置於句末.

三. 句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

在口語中,交際雙方可藉助手勢語氣上下文等,不完整的句子完全可以被理解.可是書面語就不同了,句子結構不完整會令意思表達不清,這種情況常常發生在主句寫完以後,筆者又想加些補充說明時發生.

例1. There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .

剖析:本句後半部分"for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一個完整的句子,僅為一些不連貫的詞語,不能獨立成句.

改為:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.

四. 懸垂修飾語(Dangling Modifiers)

所謂懸垂修飾語是指句首的短語與後面句子的邏輯關係混亂不清.例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 這句中"at the age of ten"只點出十歲時,但沒有說明” 誰”十歲時.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我們把這個懸垂修飾語改明確一點,全句就不那么費解了.

改為:

When I was ten, my grandfather died.

例1. To do well in college, good grades are essential.

剖析:句中不定式短語 “to do well in college” 的邏輯主語不清楚.

改為:

To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

五. 詞性誤用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

“詞性誤用”常表現為:介詞當動詞用;形容詞當副詞用;名詞當動詞用等.

例1. None can negative the importance of money.

剖析:negative 系形容詞,誤作動詞。

改為:

None can deny the importance of money.

六. 指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

指代不清主要講的是代詞與被指代的人或物關係不清,或者先後所用的代詞不一致。試看下面這一句:

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

(瑪麗和我姐姐很要好,因為她要她做她的伴娘。)

讀完上面這一句話,讀者無法明確地判斷兩位姑娘中誰將結婚,誰將當伴娘。如果我們把易於引起誤解的代詞的所指對象加以明確,意思就一目了然了。

這個句子可改為:

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

剖析:句中人稱代詞we 和反身代詞yourself指代不一致。改為:

We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

七. 不間斷句子(Run-on Sentences)

什麼叫run-on sentence?請看下面的例句。

例1. There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析:這個句子包含了兩層完整的意思:“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。簡單地把它們連在一起就不妥當了。

改為:

There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:

本新聞共2頁,當前在第1頁12