經濟類辭彙
economist 經濟學家
socialist economy 社會主義經濟
capitalist economy 資本主義經濟
collective economy 集體經濟
planned economy 計畫經濟
controlled economy 管制經濟
rural economics 農村經濟
liberal economy 自由經濟
mixed economy 混合經濟
political economy 政治經濟學
protectionism 保護主義
autarchy 閉關自守
primary sector 初級成分
private sector 私營成分,私營部門
public sector 公共部門,公共成分
economic channels 經濟渠道
economic balance 經濟平衡
economic fluctuation 經濟波動
economic depression 經濟衰退
economic stability 經濟穩定
economic policy 經濟政策
economic recovery 經濟復原
understanding 約定
concentration 集中
holding company 控股公司
trust 托拉斯
cartel 卡特爾
rate of growth 增長
economic trend 經濟趨勢
economic situation 經濟形勢
infrastructure 基本建設
standard of living 生活標準,生活水平
purchasing power, buying power 購買力
scarcity 短缺
stagnation 停滯,蕭條,不景氣
underdevelopment 不發達
underdeveloped 不發達的
developing 發展中的
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initial capital 創辦資本
frozen capital 凍結資金
frozen assets 凍結資產
fixed assets 固定資產
real estate 不動產,房地產
circulating capital, working capital 流動資本
available capital 可用資產
capital goods 資本貨物
reserve 準備金,儲備金
calling up of capital 催繳資本
allocation of funds 資金分配
contribution of funds 資金捐獻
working capital fund 周轉基金
revolving fund 循環基金,周轉性基金
contingency fund 意外開支,準備金
reserve fund 準備金
buffer fund 緩衝基金,平準基金
sinking fund 償債基金
investment 投資,資產
investor 投資人
self-financing 自籌經費,經費自給
bank 銀行
current account 經常帳戶 (美作:checking account)
current-account holder 支票帳戶 (美作:checking-account holder)
cheque 支票 (美作:check)
bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 無記名支票,來人支票
crossed cheque 劃線支票
traveller's cheque 旅行支票
chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)
endorsement 背書
transfer 轉讓,轉帳,過戶
money 貨幣
issue 發行
ready money 現錢
cash 現金
ready money business, no credit given 現金交易,概不賒欠
change 零錢
banknote, note 鈔票,紙幣 (美作:bill)
to pay (in) cash 付現金
domestic currency, local currency] 本國貨幣
convertibility 可兌換性
convertible currencies 可自由兌換貨幣
exchange rate 匯率,兌換率
foreign exchange 外匯
floating exchange rate 浮動匯率
free exchange rates 自由匯兌市場
foreign exchange certificate 外匯兌換券
hard currency 硬通貨
speculation 投機
saving 儲裝,存款
depreciation 減價,貶值
devaluation (貨幣)貶值
revaluation 重估價
runaway inflation 無法控制的通貨膨脹
deflation 通貨緊縮
capital flight 資本外逃
securities business 證券市場
stock exchange 股票市場
stock exchange corporation 證券交易所
stock exchange 證券交易所,股票交易所
quotation 報價,牌價
share 股份,股票
shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股東
dividend 股息,紅利
cash dividend 現金配股
stock investment 股票投資
investment trust 投資信託
stock-jobber 股票經紀人
stock company, stock brokerage firm 證券公司
securities 有價證券
share, common stock 普通股
preference stock 優先股
income gain 股利收入
issue 發行股票
par value 股面價格, 票面價格
bull 買手, 多頭
bear 賣手, 空頭
assigned 過戶
opening price 開盤
closing price 收盤
hard times 低潮
business recession 景氣衰退
doldrums 景氣停滯
dull 盤整
ease 鬆弛
raising limit 漲停板
break 暴跌
bond, debenture 債券
wall street 華爾街
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short term loan 短期貸款
long term loan 長期貸款
medium term loan 中期貸款
lender 債權人
creditor 債權人
debtor 債務人,借方
borrower 借方,借款人
borrowing 借款
interest 利息
rate of interest 利率
discount 貼現,折扣
rediscount 再貼現
annuity 年金
maturity 到期日,償還日
amortization 攤銷,攤還,分期償付
redemption 償還
insurance 保險
mortgage 抵押
allotment 撥款
short term credit 短期信貸
consolidated debt 合併債務
funded debt 固定債務,長期債務
floating debt 流動債務
drawing 提款,提存
aid 援助
allowance, grant, subsidy 補貼,補助金,津貼
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cost 成本,費用
expenditure, outgoings 開支,支出
fixed costs 固定成本
overhead costs 營業間接成本
overheads 雜項開支,間接成本
operating costs 生產費用,營業成本
operating expenses 營業費用
running expenses 日常費用,經營費用
miscellaneous costs 雜項費用
overhead expenses 間接費用,管理費用
upkeep costs, maintenance costs 維修費用,養護費用
transport costs 運輸費用
social charges 社會負擔費用
contingent expenses, contingencies 或有費用
apportionment of expenses 分攤費用
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income 收入,收益
earnings 利潤,收益
gross income, gross earnings 總收入,總收益
gross profit, gross benefit 毛利,總利潤,利益毛額
net income 純收益,淨收入,收益淨額
average income 平均收入
national income 國民收入
profitability, profit earning capacity 利潤率,贏利率
yield 產量收益,收益率
increase in value, appreciation 增值,升值
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duty 稅
taxation system 稅制
taxation 徵稅,納稅
fiscal charges 財務稅收
progressive taxation 累進稅制
graduated tax 累進稅
value added tax 增值稅
income tax 所得稅
land tax 地租,地價稅
excise tax 特許權稅
basis of assessment 估稅標準
taxable income 須納稅的收入
fiscality 檢查
tax-free 免稅的
tax exemption 免稅
taxpayer 納稅人
tax collector 收稅員
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國民生產總值 gnp (gross national product)
人均國民生產總值 per capita gnp
產值 output value
鼓勵 give incentive to
投入 input
巨觀控制 exercise macro-control
最佳化經濟結構 optimize the economic structure
輸入活力 bring vigor into
改善經濟環境 improve economic environment
整頓經濟秩序 rectify economic order
有效地控制通貨膨脹 effectively control inflation
非公有成分 non-public sectors
主要成分 dominant sector
實在的 tangible
全體會議 plenary session
解放生產力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces
引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley
舉措 move
實事求是 seek truth from facts
引進、輸入 importation
和平演變 peaceful evolution
試一下 have a go (at sth.)
精華、精粹、實質 quintessence
家庭聯產責任承包制 family-contract responsibility system
搞活企業 invigorate enterprises
商品經濟 commodity economy
基石 cornerstone
零售 retail
發電量 electric energy production
有色金屬 nonferrous metals
人均收入 per capita income
使負擔 be saddled with
營業發達的公司 going concerns
被兼併或擠掉 annexed or forced out of business
善於接受的 receptive
增額、增值、增長 increment
發展過快 excessive growth
抽樣調查 data from the sample survey
扣除物價上漲部分 price increase are deducted(excluded)
實際增長率 actual growth rate
國際收支 international balance of payments
流通制度 circulation system
總工資 total wages
分配形式 forms of distribution
風險資金 risk funds
管理不善 poor management
農業 farming
林業 forestry
畜牧業 animal husbandry
副業 sideline production
漁業 fishing
第一產業 primary industry
第二產業 secondary industry
第三產業 tertiary industry
生產資料 means of production
生活資料 means of livelihood/subsistence
生產關係 relations of production
生產力 productive forces
公有制 public ownership
私有制 private ownership
全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people
社會主義集體所有制 socialist collective ownership
厲行節約，反對浪費 to practice strict economy and combat waste
外資企業 foreign-funded enterprise
合資企業 joint venture
合作企業 cooperative enterprise
獨資企業 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise
一個中心、兩個基本點one central task and two basic points
以經濟建設為中心，堅持四項基本原則（1）社會主義道路（2）黨的領導（3）人民民主專政（4）馬列主義毛澤東思想、堅持改革開放
the central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal principles - adherence to the socialist road, to communist party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to marxism-leninism and mao zedong thought - and persisting in reform and opening.
改革是“社會主義制度的自我完善和自我發展”。
reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."
我們辨別的標準是看這樣做是否有利於發展社會主義的生產力，是否有利於增強社會主義國家的綜合國力，是否有利於提高人民的生活水平。
the criterion for our judgement is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.
社會主義的最終目標是解放生產力，消滅剝削，消除貧富兩極分化，最終達到共同富裕。
the main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.
要人們警惕右和“左”的影響，特別是“左”的根深蒂固的影響。
to warn people of the influence of both the right and the "left" deviations, particularly of the deep-rooted "left" influence.
中國要警惕右，但更要防“左”。
china needs to be vigilant against the right deviation, but primarily, it should guard against the "left"deviation.
資本主義和社會主義並不是以計畫經濟和市場的多少來劃分的。
socialism and capitalism are not distinguished by the proportion of planned and market economy.
隨著改革的深化，國家指令性計畫的範圍將會縮小，而市場調節的範圍將會擴大。
as the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.
初步建立社會主義計畫商品經濟新體制。
to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist planned commodity economy.
各盡所能，按勞/需分配。
from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.
經濟結構改革。
reform in economic structure
剩餘勞動力。
surplus labor
經營機制
operative mechanism
發揮市場的調節作用
to give play to the regulatory role of the market
經濟和法律的槓桿
economic and legal leverages
經濟計畫和市場調節相結合
to combine economic planning with market regulation
計畫經濟和市場調節相結合的機制
a mechanism that combines planned economy and market regulation
取消國家對農產品的統購統銷
to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing of agricultural products
改革重點轉移到城市
the focus of reform is shifted to the cities
國家的根本任務是，集中力量進行社會主義現代化建設
the basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization.
逐步實現工業、農業、國防和科學技術的現代化，把我國建設成為富強、民主、文明的社會主義國家。
to modernize the country's industry, agriculture, national defence and science and technology step by step to turn china into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.
社會主義經濟制度的基礎是生產資料的社會主義公有制，即全民所有制和勞動民眾集體所有制。
the basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.
國有經濟，即社會主義全民所有制經濟，是國民經濟中的主導力量。
the state economy is the sector of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.
國家保障國有經濟的鞏固和發展。
the state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy.
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china council for the promotion of international trade, c.c.p.i.t.
中國國際貿易促進委員會
national council for us-china trade 美中貿易全國理事會
japan-china economic association 日中經濟協會
association for the promotion of international trade,japan 日本國際貿易促進會
british council for the promotion of international trade 英國國際貿易促進委員會
international chamber of commerce 國際商會
international union of marine insurance 國際海洋運輸保險協會
international alumina association 國際鋁礬土協會
universal postal union, upu 萬國郵政聯盟
customs co-operation council, ccc 關稅合作理事會
united nations trade and development board 聯合國貿易與發展理事會
organization for economic cooperation and development, decd 經濟合作與開發組織
european economic community, eec, european common market 歐洲經濟共同體
european free trade association, efta 歐洲自由貿易聯盟
european free trade area, efta 歐洲自由貿易區
council for mutual economic aid, cmea 經濟互助委員會
eurogroup 歐洲集團
group of ten 十國集團
committee of twenty(paris club) 二十國委員會
coordinating committee, cocom 巴黎統籌委員會
caribbean common market, ccm, caribbean free-trade association, carifta
加勒比共同市場（加勒比自由貿易同盟）
andeans common market, acm, andeans treaty organization, ato 安第斯共同市場
latin american free trade association, lafta 拉丁美洲自由貿易聯盟
central american common market, cacm 中美洲共同市場
african and malagasy common organization, ocam 非洲與馬爾加什共同組織
east african common market, eacm 東非共同市場
central african customs and economic union, ceuca 中非關稅經濟同盟
west african economic community, waec 西非經濟共同體
organization of the petroleum exporting countries, opec 石油輸出國組織
organization of arab petroleum exporting countries, oapec 阿拉伯石油輸出國組織
commonwealth preference area 大英國協特惠區
centre national du commerce exterieur, national center of external trade
法國對外貿易中心
people's bank of china 中國人民銀行
bank of china 中國銀行
international bank for reconstruction and development, ibrd 國際復興開發銀行
world bank 世界銀行
international development association, ida 國際開發協會
international monetary found agreement 國際貨幣基金協定
international monetary found, imf 國際貨幣基金組織
european economic and monetary union 歐洲經濟與貨幣同盟
european monetary cooperation fund 歐洲貨幣合作基金
bank for international settlements, bis 國際結算銀行
african development bank, afdb 非洲開發銀行
export-import bank of washington 美國進出口銀行
national city bank of new york 花旗銀行
american oriental banking corporation 美豐銀行
american express co. inc. 美國萬國寶通銀行
the chase bank 大通銀行
inter-american development bank, idb 泛美開發銀行
european investment bank, eib 歐洲投資銀行
midland bank,ltd. 米蘭銀行
united bank of switzerland 瑞士聯合銀行
dresden bank a.g. 德累斯敦銀行
bank of tokyo,ltd. 東京銀行
hongkong and shanghai corporation 香港滙豐銀行
international finance corporation, ifc 國際金融公司
la communaute financieve africane 非洲金融共同體
economic and social council, ecosoc 聯合國經濟及社會理事會
united nations development program, nudp 聯合國開發計畫署
united nations capital development fund, uncdf 聯合國資本開發基金
united nations industrial development organization, unido 聯合國工業發展組織
united nations conference on trade and development, unctad 聯合國貿易與發展會議
food and agricultural organization, fao 糧食與農業組織, 糧農組織
economic commission for europe, ece 歐洲經濟委員會
economic commission for latin america, ecla 拉丁美洲經濟委員會
economic commission for asia and far east, ecafe 亞洲及遠東經濟委員會
economic commission for western asia, ecwa 西亞經濟委員會
economic commission for africa, eca 非洲經濟委員會
overseas chinese investment company 華僑投資公司
new york stock exchange, nyse 紐約證券交易所
london stock market 倫敦股票市場
baltic mercantile and shipping exchange 波羅的海商業和航運交易所