英語開題報告

論文題目the application and innovation

of gothicism in wuthering heights

一、選題的意義和研究現狀

1.選題的目的、理論意義和現實意義

長時期以來, 人們視艾米莉•勃朗特為英國文學中的“斯芬克斯”。關於她本人和她的作品都有很多難解之謎, 許多評論家從不同的角度、採用不同的方法去研究, 得出了不同的結論, 因而往往是舊謎剛解, 新謎又出, 解謎熱潮似永無休止。

本文立足於歐美文學中的哥特傳統研究《呼嘯山莊》的創作源泉, 指出艾米莉•

勃朗特在主題、人物形象、環境刻畫、意象及情節構造等方面都借鑑了哥特傳統, 同時憑藉其超乎尋常的想像力, 將現實與超現實融為一體, 給陳舊的形式注入了激烈情感、心理深度和新鮮活力, 達到了哥特形式與激情內容的完美統一, 使《呼嘯山莊》既超越了哥特體裁的“黑色浪漫主義”, 又超越了維多利亞時代的“現實主義”, 從而展現出獨具一格、經久不衰的藝術魅力。

2.與選題相關的國內外研究和發展概況

各民族的文學中都有許多驚險、恐怖的故事, 但似乎沒有哪一種文學像英美文學那樣不僅創作出數量眾多、質量優秀的恐怖文學作品, 而且還形成了一個持續發展、影響廣泛的哥特傳統( gothic tradition) 。哥特文學現在已經成為英美文學研究中的一個重要領域。對哥特文學的認真研究開始於20 世紀二三十年代, 到70 年代以後, 由於新的學術思潮和文學批評觀念的影響, 該研究出現了前所未有而且日趨高漲的熱潮。根據在國際網際網路上的搜尋, 到2017 年9月為止, 英美等國的學者除發表了大量關於哥特文學的論文外, 還至少出版專著達184部, 其中1970 年以後為126 部, 僅90 年代就達59 部, 幾乎占總數的三分之一。當然,近年來哥特文學研究的狀況不僅在於研究成果迅速增加, 更重要的是它在深度和廣度方面都大為拓展, 並且把哥特傳統同英美乃至歐洲的歷史、社會、文化和文學的總體發展結合起來。

研究內容及研究目標 (對研究的內容進行說明,並闡明要達到的目標)

research contents:

a. cultural connotations of black and reflections in idioms

1.positive connotations and their reflections in idioms

1.1 black is associated with the solemn and the dignified

1.2 black is associated with profit

1.3 black is associated with the black people

2. negative connotations and their reflections in idioms

2.1 black is associated with the death

2.2 black is associated with the evil and unfortunate

2.3 black is associated with the shame and disgraceful

2.4 black is associated with anger

b. cultural connotations of white and reflections in idioms

1. positive connotations and their reflections in idioms

1.1 white is associated with the pure and lucky

1.2 white is associated with integrity and honesty

2. negative connotations and reflections in idioms

2.1 white is associated with death and poor

2.2 white is associated with worthless and timid

c. cultural connotations of red and reflections in idioms

1. positive connotations and their reflections in idioms

1.1 red is associated with honor and love

2. negative connotations and their reflections in idioms

一、課題背景及意義 (課題的立題依據及研究意義)

research background:

a language not only expresses facts, ideas, or events which represent similar world knowledge by its people, but also reflects the people’s attitudes, beliefs, and world outlooks etc. people of different cultures structure the world around them differently, at least in the language they use to describe that world. languages differ enormously from one another, and these differences are related to important differences in the customs and behaviors and other aspects of the cultures in which those language reside. in a word, language is a mirror of culture.

when we learn a new word we tend to look for its meaning in the word itself. yet in addition to its dictionary meanings, the same word may stir up different associations in people, because of cultural differences. in our daily life, color words are the common illustrations of the cultural differences in language use. in chinese and english cultures, color words are in the same way influenced by cultures, and used widely in people’s daily life.

research significance:

as the differences between eastern and western cultures led to the understanding of the color words are not the same . color words contain a lot of deep meaning, implies a different ethnic feelings. if we do not take into account the impact of cultural differences, we are difficult to understand the implicit meaning of color words. the significance of this thesis is to enable a better understanding of color words, in order to enhance communication skills, avoid conflict of cultures.

為您提供免費英語開題報告範文下載，英語開題報告範文是為考生朋友提供的免費英語開題報告範文專欄，涵蓋了豐富的免費英語開題報告範文的相關文章。開題報告英文範文 下面是1篇英語論文的開題報告範文，雖然不是特別好，但也反應了開題報告的格式和寫法，有1定的借鑑價值。function and application of descriptive translation studies 1 introduction the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis. since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts). dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context. my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator

Function and Application of Descriptive Translation Studies

1 Introduction

The intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of Descriptive Translation Studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

Since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. From then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. Among these schools is Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS).

DTS approaches translation from an empirical perspective. Translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. Therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

My attention was first directed to DTS by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. The subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

論文最好能建立在平日比較注意探索的問題的基礎上，寫論文主要是反映學生對問題的思考， 詳細內容請看下文開題報告英語。

課題研究現狀：

english idioms are an important part of the english vocabulary. the general tendencies of present-day english are towards more idiomatic usages. halliday and hason (1976) pointed out that there are three functions of english idioms (ideational function, interpersonal function and textual function). another scholar, fernando c. (1996), also made valuable contributions to the understanding of idiomatic expression_r of coherent text, and in the creation of stylistic effects.

chinese linguists like hu zhuanglin (1994, 1996), zhu yongsheng (1995, 1996, 1997) and zhang delu (1994) mainly made contributions to the study of textual cohesion.

課題研究目的：

this paper is firstly intended to define english idioms and analyze the features of them. it then explores the cohesive function after careful analysis and discussion, attempting to arouse the concern of using idioms appropriately and help readers make full use of the cohesive function for communicating more concisely and idiomatically, thus more effectively.

論文最好能建立在平日比較注意探索的問題的基礎上，寫論文主要是反映學生對問題的思考， 詳細內容請看下文英語系開題報告。

introduction

the intention of this study is to explore possible advantages of descriptive translation studies as in its application in translation practice and translation analysis.

since early 20th century, translation studies gradually broke away from the marginal status within other related disciplines and established itself as an empirical science. from then on, schools of thought have kept coming out and each claims its legitimacy for existence. among these schools is descriptive translation studies (dts).

dts approaches translation from an empirical perspective. translation is viewed to be a social activity having significant importance in the receiving culture and for the target community. therefore, translation is dealt with beyond the linguistic realization and language comparison, and is incorporated in social and cultural context.

my attention was first directed to dts by its peculiar characteristic of observation, description and explanation. the subject is whatever happens in translation practice, from the determination of prospective function of translation to the process of translator’s choice of strategies, brainstorming and the revision, to the final product making appearance in the target community.

課題名稱：高中英語課文閱讀教學的研究

課題研究的背景和意義

《英語新課程標準》中明確指出，積極開發和合理利用課程資源是英語課程實施的重要組成部分。在英語教學中，除了合理有效的使用教科書之外，還應該積極利用其它課程資源特別是廣播影視節目、錄音、錄像資料、直觀教具和實物、多媒體光碟資料、各種形式的網路資源等等。同時，《新課程標準》在講到高中英語課程改革的主要目時，就講到應建立規範的英語教材體系以及豐富的課程資源體系，以保障英語課程的順利實施。所以我們的課題其實就是在《新課程標準》的指導之下，從我們高中英語教學的實際出發，整合、開發符合新課程理念，能滿足我們教學實際的、更加豐富的課程資源。

我們主要整合的與課文閱讀相關的各種資源。閱讀能力的考查是英語考試的重要內容，也是英語學習者英語運用能力的體現之一。從我國中學英語教學實際來看，提高英語閱讀能力，對廣大英語教學者和學習者來說都是非常重要的。儘管我們的英語教學歷來重視培養學生的閱讀能力，但由於缺乏專門的閱讀訓練，尤其是以語篇能力、思維能力和閱讀技巧為核心的閱讀訓練不足，同時由於學生對閱讀的認知偏差，導致學生閱讀能力差、學習興趣低、成績沒有突破。那么，如何進行閱讀訓練並以此促進外語教學呢?我們試著通過多種教學方法，旨在提高學生學習興趣，使學生的辭彙量和閱讀理解能力在原有基礎上有較大提高，最終培養學習者一種閱讀習慣，使它們成為終身學習的受益者。《英語新課程標準》中講到高中的英語教學應著重培養學生的閱讀能力。的確，閱讀能力的培養是相當重要的。中學階段的英語教學是要為學生的終身學習和終身發展打下堅實基礎。除此之外，我們高中的英語教學還有一個重要的任務就是能保證學生在高考、自主招生考試等等考試中獲取理想的成績，幫助學生進入理想的大學進一步深造，甚至還因該為學生進入大學後的四、六級考試打下基礎。所以我們教師在平時的教學中其實是要找到新課程標準中的規定和高考考試大綱中的要求之間的平衡。

古典文學中常見論文這個詞，當代，論文常用來指進行各個學術領域的研究和描述學術研究成果的文章，簡稱為論文。以下就是由編為您提供的開題報告英語。

research contents:

a. cultural connotations of black and reflections in idioms

1.positive connotations and their reflections in idioms

1.1 black is associated with the solemn and the dignified

1.2 black is associated with profit

1.3 black is associated with the black people

2. negative connotations and their reflections in idioms

2.1 black is associated with the death

2.2 black is associated with the evil and unfortunate

2.3 black is associated with the shame and disgraceful

2.4 black is associated with anger

b. cultural connotations of white and reflections in idioms

1. positive connotations and their reflections in idioms

1.1 white is associated with the pure and lucky

1.2 white is associated with integrity and honesty

2. negative connotations and reflections in idioms

2.1 white is associated with death and poor

2.2 white is associated with worthless and timid

c. cultural connotations of red and reflections in idioms

1. positive connotations and their reflections in idioms

1.1 red is associated with honor and love

題 目：商務英語辭彙特點淺析

一、本課題研究現狀及可行性分析

隨著我國改革開放政策的實施以及中國成功加入世界貿易組織(wto)，我國的商務英語在國際貿易活動中起著越來越重要的作用。本文主要介紹商務英語辭彙的特點。商務英語(business english)源於普通英語,但又不同於普通英語,它是普通英語與商務各領域專業知識的結合。作為普通英語的一種社會功能性變體,在中國和世界其他國家的貿易合作往來日漸頻繁的今天,商務英語在國際商務活動中有著舉足輕重的作用,並且與我們的各種商務活動息息相關。因此商務英語除具有普通英語的語言學特徵之外，又具有其獨特性。 因此，在閱讀商務英語相關資料時讀者除掌握必要的技巧外，還應具有商務專業知識，例如在閱讀有關商務信函時，譯者必須對常用的商務術語有清楚的概念，避免翻譯時外行話連篇。如何將這些商務英語準確規範地譯成漢語，或者將漢語譯成準確規範的英語，本文從商務英語辭彙特點出發為商務英語工作者提供一些參考。

二、本課題需要重點研究的關鍵問題及解決問題的思路

作為專門用途英語esp(eglish for specific purpose) 的一個分支，商務英語辭彙的特殊性表現得十分突出。本論文重要研究的是從商務英語辭彙的特點出發,分析商務英語辭彙的術語性、專業性、縮略性、書面性、和新詞性五個方面。商務英語辭彙意義有六大意義：語法意義、辭彙意義、語境意義、外延意義、內涵意義和文體意義，這些特點體現於商務英語辭彙的形式(音與形)、位置(語法與搭配)、功能(熟練與得體)、語義(概念與聯繫)。通過舉例和比較，本文分析了商務英語辭彙的特點並為商務英語工作者提供一些參考。