第一章寫作測試內容
第一節 《大學英語教學大綱》對寫作的基本要求
英語寫作考試的目的是測試考生用英語書面表達思想的能力， 按照《大學英語四級考試大綱》的要求，學生應在30分鐘內寫出一篇120 ~ 150詞的短文。試卷上給出題目，或規定情景，或要求看圖表作文，或給出段首句要求續寫，或給出提示寫成短文。能寫簡訊和便條。其評分原則和標準是：從內容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。文章要能“正確表達思想，意義連貫，無重大語法錯誤。”顯然，測試考生實際交際能力是第一位的，然後才是運用語言的水平，將二者綜合起來，全面地考察學生在書面表達方面使用語言的能力。
第二節 評分辦法及評分標準
一．評分辦法
1． CET4是檢查考生是否達到了大學英語教學大綱所規定的四級教學要求，對作文的評判應以此要求為準則。
2． CET4作文題採用總體評分（Global Scoring）的方法，閱卷人員就總的印象給出獎勵分（Reward Scores）， 而不是按語言點的錯誤數目扣分。
3． 從內容和語言兩個方面對作文進行綜合評判。內容和語言是一個統一體，作文應表達題目所規定的內容，而內容要通過語言來表達，要考慮作文是否切題，是否充分表達思想，也要考慮是否用英語清楚而適切地表達思想，也就是要考慮語言上的錯誤是否造成理解上的障礙。
4． 避免趨中傾向。該給高分的給高分，包括滿分，該給低分的給低分，包括0分，一名閱卷人員在所評閱的全部作文卷中不應給中間的幾種分數。
二．評分標準
1． 作文題滿分為15分。
2． 閱卷標準共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分，各有標準樣卷一至二份。
3． 閱卷人員根據閱卷標準，對照樣卷評分，若認為與某一分數（如8分）相似，即定為該分數（即8分）；若認為稍優或稍劣於該分數，則可加一分（即9分）或減一分（即7分），但不得加或減半分。
4． 2分 —條理不清楚，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎或大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數為嚴
重語言錯誤。
5分 —基本切題，表達思想不清楚，連貫性差，有較多的嚴重語言錯誤。
8分 —基本切題，有些地方表達思想不夠清楚，文字勉強連貫；語言錯誤相當多，
其中一些是嚴重錯誤。
11分 — 切題，表達思想清楚，文字連貫，但有少量語言錯誤。
14分 — 切題，表達思想清楚，文字通順，連貫性較好，基本上無語言錯誤，僅有個
別小錯。
[註：白卷、作文與題目毫不相關或只有幾個孤立的詞而無法表達思想，則給0分]
5． 字數不足應酌情扣分：
累計字數 CET4 90~ 99 80 ~ 89 70 ~ 79 60 ~ 69 50 ~ 59 < 19
扣分 1 2 3 5 7 9
[ 註：1. 如題目中給出主題句，起始句，結束句，均不得記入所寫字數。
2. 只寫一段者：0~4分；只寫兩段者：0~9分（指規定三段的作文）]
6． 為了便於閱卷人員掌握評分標準，現將各檔作文相當於百分制的得分列表如下，稱為得分率，其中9分的得分率為60分（相當於百分制的60分）。
作文分 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
得分率 100 94 87 80 74 67 60 54 47 40 34 27 20 14 7
第三節評分實例
為了能夠讓大學英語的廣大師生們更直觀地體會寫作的具體要求，從而既讓教師做到在指導寫作時知道用什麼樣的標準去約束和引導學生的寫作行為，更好地預見在低檔作文中經常出現的各種典型錯誤，又使學生能夠了解何種作文為高檔作文，何種作文為低檔作文，好在何處，差在什麼地方，特就題為 A Letter to a Schoolmate 這樣一篇作文進行分析，以求達到更佳的學習和操練效果。
11 points
You can’t imagine how happy I was when I heard that you would come to visit me. We haven’t seen each other for a long time, so I am counting the days.
I have arranged a schedule for our holiday. You haven’t been to Shanghai before. When you see it, you will be hard to believe your eyes. Shanghai is very modern. First, we will go out for shopping, and then go some sight-seeings, such as Yu Yuan Garden and People square. If you like, we can go to see some old friends. I bet they will be as happy as I am when seeing you. Do you like the suggestion I made above? If there is something unsuitable, we will talk about them when you arrive. OK ?
Oh, please remember to bring your winter clothes with you, because Shanghai is a little bit colder than Sichuan.
Remember me to your parents.
評析
這篇作文內容切題，提綱要求的三方面內容都寫到了，文字簡潔，層次清楚，語言錯誤比較少。寫得好的句子如：You can’t imagine how happy I was when…，I am counting the days，I bet they will be as happy as I am ...，Remember me to your parents等。
不足之處主要有兩方面：
1． 文章的組織不夠嚴密，尤其是第2段。第1句講，我給你的假期做了一個安排，接
下去第3句講上海非常摩登，然後講購物，再下去才講觀光。這樣寫，很難看出講上海非常摩登的那3句話與假期安排有什麼關係。試看修改後的文字：I have drawn up a schedule for your holiday. As you haven’t been to Shanghai before, I guess the first thing you’d like to do is to make a tour of the city. You will find it hard to believe your eyes when you see it, for it is very modern now. So first, we will go sightseeing …。內容和文字基本上都是原來的，只是把句子的次序調整了一下， 將原先的一些簡單句適當加以合併，把主從關係明確起來，把觀光的內容提到購物前面，文章的邏輯性就大大改善了。所以我們寫文章，不僅要有內容，還要想辦法把這些內容組織好。寫完之後，自己要多讀幾遍，發現有不順的地方，要想辦法修改，直到滿意為止。
2． 句子結構和詞語搭配上都有一些錯誤。例如：第2段第3句中you will be hard to
believe your eyes應改為you will find it hard to believe your eyes。it代表後面的不定式短語to believe your eyes，即：“你會覺得to believe your eyes這個事有困難”，按原來的寫法，就變成“你這個人困難”了。這一類句子結構上的問題一定要搞清楚，否則，要提高寫作能力就很困難。詞語搭配上，arranged a schedule應改為drawn up a schedule, worked out a schedule, made up a schedule 或made out a schedule。arrange的意思是make plans for something to happen， 所以我們可以講arrange a meeting, arrange a trip, arrange an appointment等等，但一般不說arrange a plan, arrange a schedule。還有，go out for shopping應改為go (out) shopping或do (some) shopping; go some sight-seeings應改為go sightseeing， 此處sightseeing不是動詞，前面不可加some，後面也不可加複數詞尾“-s”。另外，由於such as前面沒有表示景點的詞，所以後面也不能直接接Yu Yuan Garden和the People’s Square。
先將原文作適當修改，供讀者參考：
You can’t imagine how happy I was when I heard that you would come to visit me. We haven’t seen each other for a long time, so I am counting the days now.
I have drawn up a schedule for your holiday. As you haven’t been to Shanghai before, I guess the first thing you’d like to do is to make a tour of the city. You will find it hard to believe your eyes when you see it, for it is very modern now. So first, we will go sightseeing, such as visiting Yu Yuan Garden and the People’s Square. Then we will do some shopping. If you like, we can go and see some old friends. I bet they will be as happy as I am to see you. What do you think of the suggestions I have made above? If there is anything unsuitable, we can talk about it when you arrive. OK ?
By the way, don’t forget to bring some warm clothes with you, because it is a little bit colder here in Shanghai than in Sichuan.
Remember me to your parents.
8 points
I’m very glad that you will come to see me during the week-long holiday. We have not seen each other for two years. So this time we can spend the holiday together will make me so happy.
Since you left Shanghai two years ago, Shanghai has changed a lot. The city is more beautiful and buildings are higher. You will surely superise the changes. I have helped you to make some arrangments during the holiday. We can go shopping in Naijing Road which is the best road of Shanghai. We can go to people’s square and history museum to visit. We can also visit the JingMao Building which is the highest building of China. Shanghai has many new and good place we can visit. The time table of vist we can make when you come. What do you think of my advice.
評析
這篇文章切題，條理基本清楚，前後也還連貫。作者基本上能表達自己的意思，讀者也基本上能看懂。但是，該考生對英語語法和辭彙的掌握還需要進一步提高，文章中句子結構上的嚴重錯誤較多，有明顯的按中文語序造句的痕跡。如：
1． 第1段最後一句so this time we can spend the holiday together will make me so happy
中主語從句this time we can spend the holiday together缺了連線詞that,正確的結構應該是(The fact) that we can spend the holiday together this time will make me so happy。當然，如果能改成It makes me very happy to think that we can spend the holiday together this time就更好了。
2． 第2段第3句You will surely superise the changes應改為You will surely be surprised at
the changes。 surprise的意思是“使驚奇”，所以，原文的意思變成“你將肯定令變化驚奇”，而不是“你將肯定對變化感到吃驚”，這樣說就不通了。而且在surprise這樣的復用式單詞上出現了拼寫錯誤。
3． 第2段倒數第2句The time table of visit we can make when you come的次序不符合
英語的習慣，應改成We can make / set up a timetable when you come。
另外，該考生在詞的拼寫、大小寫、名詞的單複數以及介詞的用法上也出現了各種各
樣的錯誤，說明其英語語言基礎還不夠紮實，不夠全面，還需要相當大的努力才能趕上。
先將原文作適當修改，供讀者參考：
I’m very glad that you will come to see me during the weeklong holiday. We have not seen each other for two years. It makes me very happy to think that we can spend the holiday together this time.
Shanghai has changed a lot since you left it two years ago. The city is more beautiful and new high-rises are springing up everywhere. You will surely be surprised / amazed at the changes. I have made some arrangements for your holiday. We can go shopping in Nanjing Road, which is the business center of Shanghai. We can go to the People’s Square and visit the History Museum. We can also visit Jinmao Building, which is the highest building in China. Many other new and wonderful places are also worth visiting. We can set up a timetable when you come. What do you think of it ?
By the way, you should telephone me before you set off for Shanghai. I will meet you at the railway station. I’m looking forward to your arrival.
5 points
I have known you will come to Shanghai. Three years ago, you went to the England. From then, we haven’t meet with each other. I welcome that you can return your country.
From your letter, I have known you have a week-long holiday. There is a great change in Shanghai. I think you must be feel surprised with what you see. So I advise you visit some place, that we often went ago. And you can visit some old-classmates. They also mise you very much.
If you don’t want to hotel, you can live in my home. You’d better buy a map. I’m afraid you will be at a lost. But even if you can’t find bus stop, you still can go to anywhere by taxi. I hope you will have an unforgetable holiday.
評析
這篇作文雖也基本切題，但由於語言錯誤很多，且多為嚴重錯誤，使得作者無法把思想表達清楚，文章的連貫性自然也很差，只能得5分。像這樣的考生，在寫的能力上與大綱要求還有相當大的距離，須花大氣力迎頭趕上。
2 points
I’m very happy for your coming.
It’s time for us to visit Shanghai. We can go to popular-squire. It has been great changed since you visited last time. You will surprise for its beauty. Then we can visit Shang Museum. That is interstring. And you can go to Nanjin-road. It is very boom and you can shopping there. We will play very happily during the week-long holiday.
You don’t forget to dail me. And tell me what’s the data, time you coming, where I can pick up your. Don’t carry any-thing because I have ready for all. When coming, you should stay station or we will miss. Remember all above.
I’m wait for your coming. When meeting you, I’ll talk you dital.
評析
這篇作文條理不清，思路紊亂，語言支離破碎，大部分句子均有錯誤，且多數為嚴重錯誤。可以說，像這樣的考生，在英語學習上還沒有入門，必須從頭開始，狠抓基本功，儘快補上這門課。
這篇簡訊寫作是2001年6月大學英語考試的作文題目。這次的寫作與以往有點不同，題目的要求非常具體。命題者的意圖很清楚，即儘可能減少考生用於構思的時間，同時也避免少數考生預先猜題，東拼西湊撈分的可能性，從而更真實地反映考生實際的語言能力和作文水平。今後的作文命題可能會擺脫老的套式，題型會不斷變化，使其新穎多樣。這樣做，將更好地引導廣大師生遵從語言學習的規律，在基礎階段紮實學好英語辭彙、語法，徹底擺脫應試教育的影響，使大學英語教學沿著更加科學、更加高效的道路向前發展。
從以上的幾份樣卷可以看出，高分段的考生英語辭彙、語法掌握得比較紮實，句子結構正確，詞語搭配和使用符合英美人的習慣，沒有或很少有語法和拼寫錯誤。換言之，他們已經有很好的語感，而這種語感的獲得是靠大量的讀、聽、寫的練習積累起來的，絕不是靠做幾套模擬題所能奏效的。低分段的考生在句子結構、語法、用詞、拼寫上會出現各種各樣稀奇古怪的錯誤，究其根本原因是沒有好好學習英語。有些大學要求學生認真熟讀課文，進而背誦課文，只有這樣學生作文水平才能迅速提高；還有一些大學要求更高，不但要讀、要背，還要每周或隔周寫作，不僅學生寫，老師還要改、要講評，收效就更好了。希望今後在寫作訓練上要增加投入，師生攜手，共同努力，使大學英語的寫作水平再上一個台階。