2008聯考必背英語辭彙講座 C

1、can, be able to

這兩個詞都可以表示“能夠”。can通常用來表示現在的一般能力。如:look, i can do it.嗨,我會做這事啦。而當表示將來能力時,一般要用will be able to。此外,be able to 還表示要經過一番努力才能做到的事。如:

if i concentrate on the work, i'll be able to work out the problem.如果我集中思想於工作的話,我就可以想出這個問題的解決方法。
i'll be able to speak french in another few months.再過幾個月我就可以說法語了。

2、call on, visit

call on:“拜訪”,為社交用語,強調較正式的訪問。如:i hope to call on you at your office at three o'clock today.我希望今天下午三點鐘到辦公室去拜訪你。

visit:“訪問,參觀”,指為一定目的去訪問某人或參觀某地。如:professor li is often visited by his students.學生們常去看望李教授。

注意:call at與call on都可以作“訪問”解,但call at後接地點;call on後接人。如:i called at the bank and drew some money today.今天我去銀行取了些錢。

3、centre, middle

centre“中心”,指圓和球體的中心點並可用作比喻,指事物或活動中心。如:
he placed the flowers in the centre of the table.他把花放在桌子的中央。
at the centre of the park there is a monument in memory of the hero.在公園的中央有一個英雄紀念碑。
london is the political, economical and cultural centre of britain.倫敦是英國政治,經濟和文化中心。

middle:“中間”,指空間或時間意義上與兩端等距離的中間部分。如:
he telephoned me in the middle of the night.他半夜給我打來電話。
soon they were in the middle of the river.不久他們來到河中央。

4、chance, opportunity

chance表示“機會;可能性(強調偶然性)”,如:
if we can swim, the chances are that we can save our lives.如果我們會游泳的話,我們就有可能得救。
harold has lost a lot of money so he wants to take a chance on stock exchange.海洛得丟了很多錢,因此他想在股票上碰一碰運氣。

而opportunity表示機遇(強調好時機),既可作可數名詞又可作不可數名詞。如:
this has been my only opportunity to practise speaking english.這一直是我練習英語口語的唯一機會。
i am very glad to have had the opportunity to talk to you.我很高興能有機會與你交談。

5、certain, sure

certain表示“有把握的,確信的”,語氣較強,主語可以是人也可以是物,表示有充分的信心。有時也有“某些”的含義。如:
it is certain that the temperature will rise.氣溫一定會上升。
he is certain to come.他一定會來。

sure“確信的,無疑的”,作此義解時,主語常為人而不是物。如:he is sure to succeed.他一定會成功。

注意:certain和sure在接不定式和of短語時意思上有差別。

試比較:they are certain/sure to succeed.他們一定會成功。they are certain/sure of success.他們有成功的把握。第一例用不定式表示說話人對某事的推斷,有“一定,必然”的含義;第二例用of短語表示主語本人的信念,有“確信,對...有把握”的含義。

再如:the strike is certain/sure to take place.罷工必然會發生。they are certain/sure of victory.他們確信會獲得勝利。

6、care about, care for

這是兩個動介型短語動詞,後接名詞或代詞作其賓語。在表示“為...擔憂”的意思時,兩者可交換使用。

care about主要用來表示“對...感興趣;關心;在乎”的意思。如:i don't much care about going.我並不很想去。i don't care about what people think.我不在乎人們怎么認為。

care for則主要用來表示“喜歡,對...中意”和“照顧”等意思。如:she doesn't seem to care for him.她好像不喜歡他。small children are well cared for in nurseries when their parents are working.當父母在工作時,孩子們在託兒所里受到良好的照顧。

7、carry on, carry out

carry on意為“進行,繼續”,強調一個行為的進行過程。它可以不跟賓語,也可接表示“工作,討論,競賽,戰鬥”等一類的名詞作賓語,相當於continue。它另可作“經營”解,相當於manage。如:
don't let me interrupt you, just carry on.別讓我打斷你,請繼續。
i'll try to carry on the work in spite of difficulties.儘管有困難,但我還是會繼續這項工作。rising costs make it hard to carry on the business.成本上升給生意經營帶來了困難。

carry out意為“進行,貫徹,實現”,含有按照某個要求或準則進行的意思。它必須接賓語,且賓語往往是表示“工作,活動,職責,命令,計畫”等一類的名詞。此詞語相當於put into practice。如:
i have some difficulties in carrying out her order.我感到執行她的命令有些困難。
the government was trying to carry out the policy of "family planning".當時,政府正盡力貫徹“計畫生育”政策。

8、catch up with, keep up with

catch up with為“趕上(某人或某事)”,有追上並可能超過的含義。如:we'll do out best to catch up with the advanced industrial countries.我們將盡力趕超先進的工業國家。

keep up with作“不落後於(某人或某對手)”解,有與之並駕齊驅的含義。如:the girls had to run to keep up with the boys.這些女孩子不得不加快腳步以趕上男孩子們。

9、cause, reason

cause指造成一種事實或現象的“原因”,尤指自然原因或客觀原因。如:what's the cause of his success?他成功的原因是什麼?

reason指說明一種看法或行為的“理由”,它往往是通過邏輯推理得出的。如:give me your reasons for refusing.給我你拒絕的理由。this is the reason why he killed the woman.這就是他殺掉那個女人的原因。

10、clothes, clothing, cloth

這三個詞都與人們穿的“衣”有關,但含義卻不同。clothes永遠以複數的形式出現,指人們穿的各種衣服包括褲子,內衣,襯衫等;其前不能用數詞修飾。如:these clothes are new.這些衣服是新的。do i have to change my clothes for the meeting?我去參加會議要換衣服嗎?

clothing是集體名詞,為衣物的總稱,是一種區別於其他事物的概念。除了衣褲之外,它還包括帽,襪,手套,被褥之類的東西,如:the shop sells articles of men's clothing.這個商店賣男式服裝。in winter, children need warm clothing.冬天,孩子們需要暖和的衣服。

cloth一般用作不可數名詞,指“棉布,毛織品”;它亦可作可數名詞,指“某一特定用途的一塊布”,複數形式是cloths。如:he will take three yards of cloth to make a suit.他做一套衣服要三碼布。she cleaned the window with an old cloth.她用一塊舊布擦窗戶。

11、chief, main

這兩者都表示“主要的”。chief表示所指的對象在重要性、地位、等級方面高於其他同類事物,暗示其他事物處於從屬或次要地位。

main多用來形容事物的某一組成部分,表示該部分在重要性、力量、大小等方面超過其 他部分,起著主體的作用。the chief reason for going to school is to learn. 去學校主要是去學習的。the president is chief of the armed force.總統是武裝部隊的首腦。our main meal is in the evening.我們的主餐是在晚上。note down the main points of the speech.請記下講演的要點。

12、choose, select

choose為“挑選,選擇”,使用範圍較廣,指從眾多的對象中挑選,這種挑選取決於個人的意志與判斷,不強調客觀標準。它所選擇的對象可以是不同種類的,可以是有形的或無形的。choose帶有最終選定的含義,即表示選定後不再變化。如:
in the new department store there is a lot to choose from.在新的百貨商店有很多可供選擇的商品。
he chose miss li for his wife.他選李小姐為妻。
you have to choose between life and dead.你必須在生與死之間作出選擇。

select為“挑選,精選”,語氣比choose重,多用於正式場合。它指仔細地,審慎地精選,強調客觀性,而不是主觀性。它所挑選的對象可以是有形的或是無形的,但一定是同一種類的。如:
the best machines were selected and sent to the exhibition.最好的機器被選去參展了。he selected a birthday present for his dear daughter.他為他親愛的女兒挑選了一個生日禮物。

13、come to one's help, come for one's help

come to one's help表示“來幫某人的忙”,與come to help someone意義相同。如:when they heard my cry, they immediately came to my help.他們一聽到我的叫聲就趕忙來幫忙了。when one man is in difficulties, ten thousand come to his help.一人有難,萬人幫忙。

come for one's help表示“來求某人幫助”,與come to ask someone for help意義相同。如:when he is short of money, he often comes for my help.他缺錢花的時候,他常來找我幫忙。she couldn't solve the problem, so she came for our help.她不能解決這個問題,因而來找我們幫忙。

14、continual, continuous

這兩個形容詞均可表示“連續不斷”的意思,但它們在含義上有區別。continual指某一動作不時重複,重複之間有短暫停頓的含義;還有使人不愉快的含義。如:we are not happy with those continual interruptions.我們對那些不斷的打擾很生氣。my work has been delayed by his continual visit.我的工作被他頻繁的拜訪給耽擱了。

continuous指某一動作在一段時間內沒有中斷的含義,表示“持續不斷”的意思。如:we felt tired after two days' continuous flight.經過兩天不停的飛行,我們感到很累了。there was continuous fighting on the frontier all day yesterday.昨天一整夜,邊界上的戰鬥沒有停過。

15、compare...to, compare...with

compare...to為“把...比喻為,把...比成“,指不同類事物的比較,表示抽象的比喻。compare...with為“把...與...比較”,指兩個同類的事物相比較,表示人和人,事物與事物之間異同的程度。

life is compared to a voyage.生命常被比作一次航行。
people compared him to a little white cat.人們把她比作一隻小白貓。
compared with many women, she was indeed very lucky.與許多其他女人相比,她的確很幸運。
compare your translation with his, you'll find how many mistakes you've made.與他的翻譯相比,你會發現你的有很多錯誤。

16、consider, regard as, treat as

consider和regard as都表示“認為是”,兩者常可換用。前者偏重經過考慮後的看法,後者則偏重“把...看作”的含義,且必須與介詞as連用。如:
they considered miss shen a good english teacher.他們認為沈小姐是一位優秀的英語教師。
i regard her as my own sister.我把她看作自己的親妹妹。
they regarded me as their best friends.他們把我看作是最好的朋友。

treat as表示“對待,當作”,指在某種認識的基礎上對待某人某物,著重點在行動,而不是看法。treat as 中的as也可用like代替。如:
don't treat me as/like a child.別待我象孩子似的。
they treated me as/like a member of the family.他們待我像家裡人一樣。

consider 後可接從句,也可跟帶有名詞,形容詞,不定式及介詞短語的複合結構;regard as後除接名詞外,還可接形容詞,分詞及介詞短語等;treat後則只能接名詞。如:
i consider that he is the most suitable man to do this work.我認為他是擔任此項工作最適合的人選。
they considered my opinion valuable.他們認為我的觀點很有價值。
i regard him as stupid.我認為他很蠢。
she considered herself to be correct.她認為自己是對的。
we can't regard the matter as settled.我們不認為事情已經解決。
he regarded it as of little use.他覺得這沒什麼用。

17、coloured, colourful

雖然這兩個形容詞的詞根均是colour,但它們的含義不同。coloured表示“有某種顏色的(having the colour specified)"的意義,常用以構成複合詞。如:
she is wearing a cream-coloured dress today.她今天穿著奶油色的衣服。
coloured people were looked down upon at that time in america.那時在美國有色人種被人瞧不起。

colourful表示“富有色彩的(full of colours),色彩鮮艷的”等意思。如:
the girls looked very attractive in their colourful dresses.女孩子們穿著色彩鮮艷的衣服顯得非常漂亮。
colourful wall paper would brighten up your room.色彩艷麗的牆紙會使你房間煥然一新。