paper one 試卷一
(90 minutes)
part i: dialogue communication (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 for each)
section a dialogue completion
direction: in this section, you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two speakers, each followed by 4 choices marked a, b, c, and d. choose the answer that best suits the situation to complete the dialogue by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
1. a: sunshine motel. may i help you?
b: __________
a. all right. my name is david jones and my room number is 103.
b. yes. we need a double room for this weekend.
c. thank you. i’d like to make a long distance call to new zealand.
d. sorry. i don’t think you can help us. thank you anyway.
2. a: may i see your driving license and vehicle registration card, please?
b: __________
a. ok. but i was driving at 60 miles per hour.
b. sorry, please don’t write me a ticket.
c. sure. did i do anything wrong?
d. yes. but i don’t think i’m a bad driver.
3. a: could you please make up this prescription for me?
b: __________
a. no. you need to see a doctor first.
b. yes. you can buy the medicine from the drugstore at the corner.
c. well. it is prescribed clearly in that book.
d. certainly. i’ll do it for you right away.
4. a: do you know that the hot dog did not originate in the united states, but in germany?
b: __________
a. yes. they even have something similar to it in finland. it is made out of reindeer meat.
b. yes. the hot dog in united states was originally transferred from germany.
c. yes. the hot dog in germany was the original one.
d. yes. people in germany don’t quite like hot dogs as people in united states.
5. a: how was the job interview? i think you make a good journalist.
b: __________
a. well. my application was turned down. they were looking for people with experience.
b. well. i gave it up as i was a journalist.
c. well. the interview is ok, but i want to be a journalist.
d. well. the people interviewed were not very cooperative.
section b
directions: in this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and a woman. at the end of each conversation there is a question followed by four choices marked a, b, c, and d. choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choices given by marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
6. m: that was such an interesting movie. i believe you enjoyed it as much as i did.
w: well i dozed off after the first ten minutes.
q: how did the woman in the conversation feel about the movie?
a. she found it interesting. b. she found it boring.
c. she found it informative. d. she found it enjoyable.
7. w: during the last thunderstorm, i notice several leaks in my living room.
m: maybe you have some broken tiles. i have the number of a good roofing company.
q: what can we conclude from this conversation?
a. the woman is afraid of thunderstorms.
b. the man works for a roofing company.
c. the roof of the house needs repairing.
d. the man’s roof is leaking.
8. m: you have bought another book on america history.
w: yes. this book has some details i need.
q: what does the man mean?
a. he lent her the book.
b. he would borrow the book from her.
c. he needs the information in this book.
d. this book doesn’t have enough information.
9. m: do you want to see if i can get tickets to the football game next week?
w: i’m not sure, but you can try anyway.
q: what does the woman tell us?
a. she already has tickets for both of them.
b. she is trying to fool him.
c. she thinks it’s going to be hard to get the tickets.
d. she doesn’t want to get the tickets.
10. w: are you going to the group meeting tonight?
m: sorry. i have another appointment tonight.
q: what can we learn from the man?
a. he can go to the group meeting tonight.
b. he doesn’t like the appointment with her.
c. he remembered he had to go to the group meeting.
d. he has to go somewhere else.
part ii: vocabulary (10 minutes, 10 points, 0.5 for each)
section a
directions: in this section there are 10 sentences, each with one word or phrase underlined. choose the one from the four choices marked a, b, c and d that best keeps the meaning of the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
11. the tourists to the famous city were regimented into large parties for sightseeing.
a. divided b. connected c. grouped d. separated
12. would you please do me a favor to get a pail of water out of the well outside the cabin?
a. bucket b. kettle c. cup d. glass
13. the reciprocal affection among the family members is so deep that nothing will separate them.
a. deep b. mutual c. parental d. strong
14. don’t you know that your action has rendered our contract invalid? you must take all the responsibilities.
a. gave b. presented c. made d. translated
15. he is, generally speaking, a good man, although he still has some little vices such as drinking to much alcohol.
a. corruption b. wickedness c. misconduct d. weakness
16. they were seemingly unaware of this unfavorable decision. they look still happy.
a. completely b. abruptly c. apparently d. absolutely
17. he endeavored to preserve world peace by supporting the establishment of an organization to settle international disputes.
a. tried b. needed c. decided d. neglected
18. the manager was promoted again for his proposal of a neat solution to the tough problem.
a. tidy b. careful c. clean d. efficient
19. the nerves by which they are set into motion originate in the most immediate vicinity of the mind-organ.
a. violation b. closeness c. visibility d. unification
20. the foreign affairs minister went to attend the conference in the name of the president.
a. in place of b. in case of c. on behalf of d. in care of
section b
directions: in this section there are 10 incomplete sentences. for each sentence there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the one that best completes the sentence. then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
21. almost all the countries in today’s world are ______ together by common interests.
a. stayed b. kept c. knitted d. drawn
22. before starting the pledge, we are asked to sign a ______ never to reveal the secret.
a. pact b. pledge c. password d. privacy
23. the service operates 36 libraries throughout the country, while six ______ libraries specially serve the countryside.
a. mobile b. drifting c. shifting d. rotating
24. short of clinics and medicine, many people in the tropical countries ______ from disease.
a. survived b. passed c. perished d. vanished
25. the conspirators were plotting the ______ of the government, but the plot was found by cid in time.
a. withdrawal b. demolition c. catastrophe d. overthrow
26. the government agreed to ______ their troops ______ iraq in order to save the hostage.
a. pull…down b. pull…off c. pull…out of d. pull…up
27. different from his usual simple style, spencer’s new book is a very ______ work.
a. legitimate b. luxurious c. logical d. lovely
28. the local government is quite afraid that the ______ of prices is till upwards.
a. sniff b. trend c. lorry d. tend
29. only by working hard can we make progress. ______ we must make our greatest effort to read and write.
a. therefore b. nevertheless c. instead d. similarly
3
0. the investigation showed that a cigarette stub ______ yesterday’s fire in the department store.
a. ignored b. immersed c. illuminated d. ignited
part iii: reading comprehension (45 minutes, 25 points, 1 for each)
directions: there are five passages in this part. each passage is followed by five questions or unfinished statements. for each of them there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
passage one
a hundred years ago it was assumed and scientifically “proved” by economists that the laws of society made it necessary to have a vast army of poor and jobless people in order to keep the economy going. today, hardly anybody would dare to voice this principle. it is generally accepted that nobody should be excluded from the wealth of the nation, either by the laws of nature or by those of society. the opinions, which were current a hundred years ago, that the poor owed their conditions to their ignorance, lack of responsibility, are outdated. in all western industrialized countries, a system of insurance has been introduced which guarantees everyone a minimum of existence in case of unemployment, sickness and old age. i would go one step further and argue that, even if these conditions are not present, everyone has the right to receive the means to survive, in other words, he can claim this existence minimum without having to have any “reason”. i would suggest, however, that it should be limited to a definite period of time, let’s say two years, so as to avoid the encouraging of an abnormal attitude which refuses any kind of social obligation.
this may sound like a fantastic proposal, but so, i think, would our insurance system have sounded to people a hundred years ago. the main objection to such a scheme would be that if each person were entitled to receive minimum support, people would not work. this assumption rests on the fallacy of the inherent laziness in human nature, actually, aside from abnormally lazy people, there would be very few who would not want to earn more than the minimum, and who would prefer to do nothing rather than work.
however, the suspicions against a system of guaranteed existence minimum are not groundless from the standpoint of those who want to use ownership of capital for the purpose of forcing others to accept the work conditions they offer. if nobody were forced to accept work in order not to starve, work would have to be sufficiently interesting and attractive to induce one to accept it. freedom of contract is possible only if both parties are free to accept and reject it; in the present capitalist system this is not the case.
but such a system would not only be the beginning of real freedom of contract between employers and employees, its principal advantage would be the improvement of freedom in interpersonal relationships in every sphere of daily life.
31. which of the following does not seem to be true of people’s opinions a hundred years ago?
a. it was necessary to have a lot of poor and jobless people.
b. some people should be excluded from the wealth of the nation.
c. the poor should attribute their conditions to their own fault.
d. the existence minimum should be granted to the poor.
32. the existence minimum should be limited to a period because ______.
a. people may adopt a negative attitude toward social obligation
b. the government cannot afford too much existence
c. the country must be industrialized as quickly as possible
d. not all the poor have any reason to claim this existence
33. the opponents of a system of guaranteed existence minimum ______.
a. definitely believe in the inherent laziness in human nature
b. may want to force others to accept unfavorable work with the capital
c. are mainly government officials who are old-fashioned
d. think it necessary to develop the economy by pushing people
34. the main advantage of a system of guaranteed existence is ______.
a. free contract b. more stable society
c. more freedom in interpersonal relationships d. less burden on the government
35. which of the following can be the best title of the passage?
a. on a system of guaranteed existence minimum.
b. on government support.
c. improving the poor people’s conditions.
d. inherent laziness in human nature.passage two
in recent years, there has been a steady assault on salt from the doctors: salt is bad for you regardless of your health. politicians also got on board. “there is a direct relationship,” us congressman neal smith noted, “between the amount of sodium a person consumes and heart disease, circulatory disorders, stroke and even early death.”
frightening, if true! but many doctors and medical researchers are now beginning to feel the salt scare has gone too far. “all this hue probably doesn’t make much difference how much salt we eat.” dustan’s most recent short-term study of 150 people showed that those with normal blood pressure experienced no change at all when placed on an extremely low-salt diet, or later when salt was reintroduced. of the hypertensive subjects, however, half of those on the low-salt diet did experience a drop in blood pressure, which returned to its previous level when salt was reintroduced.
“an adequate to somewhat excessive salt intake has probably saved many more lives than it has cost in the general population,” noted dr. john h. laragh. “so a recommendation that the whole population should avoid salt makes no sense.”
medical experts agree that everyone should practice reasonable “moderation” in salt consumption. for the average person, a moderate amount might run from four to ten grams a day, or roughly 1/2 to 1/3 of a teaspoon. the equivalence of one to two grams of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. the rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table. those with kidney, liver or heart problems may have to limit dietary salt, if their doctor advise them to. but even the very vocal “low salt” exponent, dr. arthur hull hayes, jr. admits, “we do not know whether increased sodium consumption causes hypertension.” in fact, there is growing scientific evidence that other factors may be involved: deficiencies in calcium, potassium, perhaps magnesium; obesity (much more dangerous than sodium); genetic predisposition; stress.
“it is not your enemy,” says dr. laragh. “salt is the no. 1 natural component of all human tissue, and that you don’t need it is wrong. unless your doctor has proven that you have a salt-related health problem, there is no reason to give it up.”
36. according to some doctors and politicians, the amount of salt consumed ______.
a. exhibits as an aggravating factor to people in poor health
b. cures diseases such as stroke and circulatory disorders
c. correlates highly with some diseases
d. is irrelevant to people suffering from heart disease
37. from dr. dustan’s study we can infer that ______.
a. a low-salt diet may be prescribed for some people
b. the amount of salt intake has nothing to do with one’s blood pressure
c. the reduction of salt intake can cure a hypertensive patient
d. an extremely low-salt diet makes no difference to anyone
38. in the third paragraph, dr. laragh implies that ______.
a. people should not be afraid of taking excessive salt
b. doctors should not advise people to avoid salt
c. an adequate to excessive salt intake is recommended for people in disease
d. excessive salt intake has claimed some victims in the general population
39. the phrase “vocal… exponent” (para. 5, line 2) most probably refers to ______.
a. eloquent doctor b. articulate opponent c. loud speaker d. strong advocate
40. the main idea of this passage is that_____.
a. the salt scare is not justified b. the cause of hypertension is now understood
c. the moderate use of salt is recommended d. salt consumption is to be promotedpassage three
about 1,200 people died in public hospitals in britain last year because of mistakes in prescribing and 中國考試培訓網istering medicine, according to a report published today by a government watchdog group.
outlined in a report by the audit commission, the errors included 中國考試培訓網istering the wrong medicine—in one case, a breast cancer patient was given the sleeping drug temeazepam instead of the cancer drug that caused a fatal reaction.
the death toll was five times higher than that in 1990, according to the report. in addition, thousands of patients who survive medicine-related mistakes each year invariably become sicker, requiring more treatment that creates an extra expense for the national health service, the report said.
“the health service is probably spending half a billion pounds ($725 million) a year making better people who experienced an adverse incident or errors, and that does not include the human cost to patients,” said nick mapstone, an author of the report.
mr. mapstone said that many of the most common errors are avoidable and could be rectified if the health service introduced computerized patient record and prescription systems.
the government has promised to introduce computerized prescriptions—which could include a standard national system for coding medicines and the use of bar codes to support development of electronic prescribing systems—by 2005, but mr. mapstone said he did not think it would meet the deadline.
addressing the issues raised by the report, dr. trevor pickersgill, a spokesman for the junior doctors’ committee of the british medical association, said that understaffing in hospitals and the increasing complexity of modern drug therapy have created a culture “where mistakes unfortunately do happen.”
“the number of drugs is increasing, the effectiveness—and therefore often the toxicity—of drugs is increasing, the number of people on multiple medications is increasing, and that increase the risk of interaction,” dr. pickersgill told the bbc.
“we must also remember that one in six pharmacy posts in hospitals are unfilled, and new doctors who are doing the work on the wards are overworked as well,” he said.
a number of highly publicized cases of drug-related errors in recent months have brought home the problem. in one case, a cancer patient was prescribed and 中國考試培訓網istered a drug at 1,000 times the recommended dose, according to the report.
41. which of the following is not an error cited in the report by the audit commission?
a. administering the wrong medicine.
b. giving out the wrong dosage of the right medicine.
c. unknowingly prescribing a drug that caused a fatal reaction.
d. administering tamoxifen where temazepam is required.
42. according to mr. mapstone, many of the most common errors can be avoided if ______.
a. computerized patient record and prescription systems are adopted
b. patients’ notes are illegible, incomplete or missing altogether
c. doctors and nurses are provided with correct information
d. bar codes are used by 2005
43. according to dr. pickersgill, reasons why hospitals become a culture “where mistakes unfortunately do happen” includes ______.
a. overstaffing
b. the fact that there are too many doctors and nurses
c. the increasing complexity of modern drug therapy
d. the increase of toxicity of modern drugs
44. in paragraph 8, “that” in “that increases the risk of interaction” refers to ______.
a. the increasing number of drugs
b. the increasing effectiveness of drugs
c. the increasing of the number of people on multiple medications
d. all of the above
45. what will probably be discussed after the passage?
a. other cases of drug-related errors. b. unfilled beds in hospitals.
c. overworked doctors. d. publicity of medical errors.passage four
further education is officially described as the “post-secondary stage of education, comprising all vocational and nonvocational provision made for young people who have left school, or for adults”. further education thus embraces the vast range of university, technical, commercial, and art education and the wide field of adult education. it is this sector of education, which is concerned with education beyond the normal school-leaving ages of 16 or 18, that has experienced the most astonishing growth in the number of students.
in the 19th century the dominance of oxford and cambridge was challenged by the rise of the civic universities, such as london, manchester, and birmingham. following the lead of the 18th-century german universities and responding to a public demand for increased opportunity for higher education, britain’s new civic universities quickly acquired recognition—not only in technological fields but also in the fine and liberal arts.
many new post-school technical colleges were founded in the early 20th century. the fisher act of 1918 empowered the local authorities to levy a rate (tax) to finance such colleges. the universities, on the other hand, received funds from the central government through the university grants committee, established in 1911 and recognized in 1920, after world war i.
a new type of technical college was established in the 1960s—the polytechnic, which provides mainly technological courses of university level as well as courses of a general kind in the arts and sciences. polytechnics are chartered to ward degrees validated by a council for national academic awards.
thus, the tertiary level in the united kingdom is made up of colleges of further education, technical colleges, polytechnics, and universities. the colleges offer full-time and part-time courses beyond compulsory-school level. polytechnics and universities are mainly responsible for degrees and research. the innovative open university, with its flexible admission policy and study arrangements, opened in 1971. it uses various media to provide highly accessible and flexible higher education for working adults and other part-time students. it serves as an organizational model and provides course-materials for similar institutions in other countries.
changes in british education in the second half of the 20th century have, without changing the basic values in the system, extended education by population, level, and content. new areas for expansion include immigrant cultural groups and multicultural content, the accommodation of special needs, and the development of tools and content in the expanding fields of microelectronics.
46. the first paragraph is mainly about ______.
a. the definition of further education b. the history of further education
c. the development of further education d. the prospects of further education
47. it is implied in the passage that ______.
a. the dominance of oxford and cambridge was replaced by that of the new civic universities more than a century ago
b. oxford and cambridge failed to satisfy the public demand for increased opportunity for higher education
c. the rise of many civic universities immediately followed the establishment of polytechnic colleges
d. the education provided by the open university was anything but adaptable
48. how were those new post-technical colleges financed?
a. they got money from the local people.
b. they received money from the central government.
c. they got financial support from taxes.
d. both b and c
49. the word “tertiary” (para. 5) most probably means ______.
a. advanced b. senior c. highest d. third
50. the proper title for this passage should be ______.
a. changes in british education b. british further education
c. polytechnics and universities in britain d. increased opportunity for higher education
passage five
the table before which we sit may be, as the scientist maintains, composed of dancing atoms, but it does not reveal itself to us as anything of the kind, and it is not with dancing atoms but a solid and motionless object that we live. so remote is this “real” table—and most of the other “realities” with which science deals—that it cannot be discussed in terms which have any human value, and though it may receive our purely intellectual credence it cannot be woven into the pattern of life as it is led, in contradistinction to life as we attempt to think about it. vibrations in the ether are so totally unlike, let us say, the color purple that the gulf between them cannot be bridged, and they are, to all intents and purposes, not one but two separate things of which the second and less “real” must be the most significant for us. and just as the sensation which has led us to attribute an objective reality to a non-existent thing which we call “purple” is more important for human life than the conception of vibrations of a certain frequency, so too the belief in god, however ill founded, has been more important in the life of man than the germ theory of decay, however true the latter may be.
we may, if we like, speak of consequence, as certain mystics love to do, of the different levels or others of truth. we may adopt what is essentially a platonistic trick of thought and insist upon postulating the existence of external realities which correspond to the needs and modes of human feeling and which, so we may insist, have their being in some part of the universe unreachable by science. but to do so is to make an unwarrantable assumption and to be guilty of the metaphysical fallacy of failing to distinguish between a truth of feeling and that other sort of truth which is described as “a truth correspondence”, and it is better perhaps, at least for those of us who has grown up in an age of scientific thought, to steer clear of such confusions and to rest content with the admission that, though the universe with which science deals is the real universe, yet we do not and cannot have any but fleeting and imperfect contacts with it; that the most important part of our lives—our sensations, desires, and aspirations—takes place in a universe of illusions which science can attenuate or destroy, but which it is powerless to enrich.
51. the author suggests that in order to bridge the puzzling schism between scientific truth and the world of illusion, the reader should ______.
a. try to rid himself of his world of illusion b. accept his world as being one of illusion
c. apply the scientific method d. learn to acknowledge both
52. judging from the ideas and tone of the selection, one may reasonably guess that the author is ______.
a. a humanist b. a pantheist
c. a nuclear physicist d. a doctor of medicine
53. according to this passage, a scientist would conceive of a “table” as being ______.
a. a solid motionless object b. certain characteristic vibrations in “ether”
c. a form fixed in space and time d. a mass of atoms in motion
54. by “objective reality” the author means ______.
a. scientific reality b. a symbolic existence
c. the viewer’s experience d. reality colored by emotion
55. the topic of this passage is ______.
a. the distortion of reality by science b. the confusion caused by emotions
c. a scientific approach to living d. the place of scientific truth in our lives
part iv: cloze (15 minutes, 15 points, 1 for each)
directions: in this part, there is a passage with 15 blanks. for each blank there are four choices marked a, b, c and d. choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
it’s an annual back-to-school routine. one morning you wave goodbye, and that 56 evening you’re burning the late-night oil in sympathy. in the race to improve educational standards, 57 are throwing the books at kids. 58 elementary school students are complaining of homework 59 . what’s a well-meaning parent to do?
as hard as it may be, sit back and chill, experts advise. though you’ve got to get them to do it, by helping too much, or even examining 60 too carefully you may keep them 61 doing it by themselves. “i wouldn’t advise a parent to check every 62 assignment,” says psychologist john rosemond, author of ending the tough homework. “there’s a 63 of appreciation for trial and error. let your children 64 the grade they deserve.”
many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their 65 . but “you don’t want them to feel it has to be perfect,” she says.
that’s not to say parents should 66 homework—first, they should monitor how much homework their kids 67 . thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in 68 four, five, and six is standard, says rosemond. for junior-high students it should be “no more than an hour and a half,” and two for high school students. if your child 69 has more homework than this, you may want to check with other parents and then talk to the teacher about 70 assignments.
56. a. very b. exact c. right d. usual
57. a. officials b. parents c. experts d. schools
58. a. also b. even c. then d. however
59. a. fatigue b. confusion c. duty d. puzzle
60. a. questions b. answers c. standards d. rules
61. a. off b. without c. beyond d. from
62. a. single b. piece c. page d. other
63. a. drop b. short c. cut d. lack
64. a. acquire b. earn c. gather d. reach
65. a. exercises b. defects c. mistakes d. tests
66. a. forget b. refuse c. miss d. ignore
67. a. modify b. prepare c. make d. perform
68. a. classes b. groups c. grades d. terms
69. a. previously b. rarely c. merely d. consistently
70. a. finishing b. lowering c. reducing d. declining
part v: error detection (5 minutes, 5 points, 0.5 for each)
directions: in this part, there are 10 sentences. each sentence has four underlined words or phrases marked a, b, c and d. identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct. mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring answer sheet.
71. to be courageous requires not exceptional qualifications, no magic formula, no special combination of time, place and circumstance.
72. though i was standing in the field of the final, ready to fight for the gold medal, i found myself totally losing in returning to the strange words the man said to me.
73. i often wonder what my life would be like if i didn’t go to the beach that afternoon when i was a young man.
74. despite this similarity with other creatures, the evolution of humankind differs from other species in one important and unique way.
75. several years ago when this man was still a young guy, he was rewarded a presidential medal for saving twenty school kids from a horrible hostage.
76. when mom says that you can’t go out, it does not necessary mean you can’t even go out of the house to get the mail from the postman.
77. of course alexander has the right to make the final decisions on behalf of all of us since it is him who is the oldest in the big family.
78. i haven’t written many letters to you before, as we’ve almost always been able to just pick up the phone and have a chat, so it’s hard to know how to start with.
79. the thought suddenly went to me when i caught sight of the fascinating picture unconsciously in the exhibition.
80. as a pulitzer journalist prizewinning, thomas received world-wide recognition for her famous news report on protecting kids who lived under family violence.
part i: translation (30 minutes, 20 points, 10 for each section)
section a
directions: translate the following passage into chinese. write your translation on the answer sheet.
the free market economy is entirely based on the principle of supply and demand. under this concept, consumers decide for themselves which companies will stay in business, voting with their dollars by spending on those businesses they consider most worthy. by doing so, those companies that are best liked are granted the privilege of supplying the goods and services that consumers pay for. in that sense, efficiency is achieved. for those companies that best perform to the expectations of consumers are left prosperous in the market, while their less efficient counterparts simply die out of the market, starved of the dollars.
section b
directions: translate the following passage into english. write your translation on the answer sheet.
目前使用任何計算機的基礎知識都非常簡單。不用花一生的時間去學會各種各樣的軟體程式。基本的計算機技能最多需要幾個月時間就可以掌握。無論如何，計算機基本技能只不過是對許多真正技能的一種補充，而那些真正技能是成為任何一類專業人員所必需的。
part ii: writing (30 minutes, 15 points)
directions: for this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a composition of no less than 150 words with the title “internet changes our life”. your composition should be based on the following chart. you should write out the message conveyed by the chart and give your comments. please remember to write your composition clearly on the composition sheet.