備考XX寫作專題5 議論文
重點詮釋：
1． 議論文是以議論為主要表達方式的一種文體，它通過擺事實，講道理的方式來辯明是非曲折，從而表達出作者的觀點。它常由論點，論據和論證三部分構成。
2． 在近幾年的聯考書面表達中，其主要命題形式是以表格式和提綱式來呈現寫作材料的。
3． 它要求語言必須簡練，準確，要儘可能避免使用口語，多用書面語，可適當使用名言佳句警句；以議論為主，輔之以敘述，說明和描寫等手法。
4． 寫作時要圍繞中心論點展開議論，即論據和論證要圍繞論點展開。根據題目要求，有時需要從正反兩面來論述，可增強論證的力度。最後，可得出結論，照應開頭，形成一個有機的整體。
5． 寫作時常以三段式的形式展開議論。
寫作典例：
暑假即將來臨，你班同學就假期計畫進行討論，提出了不同看法，請根據提示寫一篇英語短文，並談談你的看法。
優點 缺點
呆在家中 花費少，舒適方便 不能親自了解外界
外出旅遊 增長知識，開闊眼界。 花費多，旅途不便
注意：1。詞數120左右（不含已寫好部分）
2．短文必須包括表中所列要點，可根據內容分段表述；
3．可適當增加細節以使行文連貫；
4．參考辭彙：眼界horizon(view)
案例分析
這是一篇典型的議論文體的寫作，它以表格的形式提出了論點（呆在家中的優點和缺點以及外出旅遊的優點和缺點）和論據，還以文字提示形式提出了話題（假期計畫）及需要考生自由發揮的部分（你的看法），自己的看法可選擇上述中的任何一種，並就此發表個人的見解。本文的重點是表格中兩種方式的優，缺點，根據題目的特點，以三段式的形式來寫作比較好。
根據內容，儘管討論已經發生，但它是就一般的暑假假期計畫而進行的討論，沒有特定的時間界定，因而考生應以一般現在時和一般將來時為主。相當一部分考生用一般過去時進行論述，這會失掉較多的分數。從題目所給的開頭可知套用第一人稱來寫。
範文：
the summer holiday is coming. our class have a discussion about what to do during the holiday.
some are in favor of staying at home. they think it’s both convenient and comfortable. what’s more, they can save money for other purposes. but they will lose the chance of getting to know the outside world. however, others prefer to go out for traveling since it can increase their knowledge and broaden their horizons. but they will spend more money and meet some difficulties while traveling.
in my opinion, it would be much better to stay at home, for i can do what i like, such as reading books, watching tv, and helping my parents with the housework.
針對練習
1．XX年普通高等學校招生全國英語統一考試書面表達試題
最近，你校同學正在參加某英文報組織的一場討論。討論的主題是：公園要不要收門票？請你根據下表提供的信息，給報社寫一封信，客觀地介紹討論情況。
60%的同學認為 40%的同學認為
1、不應收門票
2、公園是公眾休閒的地方
3、如收票，需建大門、圍牆，會影響城市形象 1、應收門票，但票價不宜高
2、支付園林工人工資
3、購新花木
注意：
1、信的開頭已為你寫好。 2、詞數：100左右。 3、參考辭彙：門票：entrance fee
one possible version:
dear editor,
i’m writing to tell you about the discussion we’ve had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
opinions are divided on the question. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. they believed a public park should be free of charge. people need a place where they can rest and enjoy themselves. charging entrance fees will no doubt keep some people away. what is more, it will become necessary to build gates and walls, which will do harm to the appearance of a city.
on the other hand, 40% think that fees should be charged because you need money to pay gardeners and other workers and to buy plants and young trees. they suggest, however, fees should be charged low.
yours truly,
li hua
.浙江卷
2．當前不少文學作品被改編成電影。有人選擇看電影，有人則喜歡讀原著。請你以“film or book, which do you prefer?”為題，按照下列要點寫一篇英語短文：
1、 看電影：省時、有趣、易懂
2、 讀原著：細節更多、語言優美
3、 我的看法及理由
注意：1、詞數：100-120 文章題目和開頭已給出（不計入詞數）。
2、參考辭彙： original work 或 book in the original （原著）
film or book, which do you prefer?
some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original.
one possible version
some of us think that it is better to see the film than to read the book in the original. the reason is that it takes less time to understand the whole story. besides, the film is usually more interesting, and it is easier to follow.
some others have just the opposite opinion. they think that they can get more detailed information from the original. meanwhile, the language in the book is possibly more lively and beautiful.
personally, i agree with the second view. actually i have more reasons for it. i think i can stay at home, reading quietly in a situation of my own, and what’s more, i am able to better understand the author’s ideas. in a word, to read the original work is better than to see the film based on it.
3．如今世界糧食短缺，價格飛漲，給部分地區造成社會動盪。假設在你校開展的研究性學習中，你們小組以“world food crisis”為題進行研究，現在請你代表你們小組向全體同學簡要介紹你們的研究成果。主要內容如下：
造成的原因 1. 氣候變化，造成糧食減產
2. 工業發展，城市化加速，耕地減少
3. 世界能源價格上漲，使用糧食生產生物燃料
應對的措施 1. 注重環保，改善生態
2. 嚴格保護耕地
3. 富國支持窮國，促進世界和諧
你如何做出自己的貢獻 1．…… 2．……
注意：1. 內容包括以上要點，但不要逐句翻譯
2. 字數150左右，文章開頭已提供，不計入總詞數
3. 參考辭彙：城市化 urbanization 生物燃料 biofuels
hello, everyone,
now i’ll tell you something about our research project the world food crisis on behalf of our group. as you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
【命題方向與寫作提示】這是一篇提綱式的議論文寫作素材，探討國計民生的社會熱點話題：糧食價格上漲。寫作時要注意避免逐句翻譯，並適當增加細節以使行文連貫。
範文 (one possible version)
hello, everyone,
now i’ll tell you something about our research project the world food crisis on behalf of our group. as you know, food shortages have hit many countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. but who is responsible for the current world food crisis? first, annual world grains output has declined because of climate change. then lots of farmland has been lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. besides, faced with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels, which has worsened the severe situation.
then what should we do to deal with the problem? on one hand, we should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. on the other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland. of course, to build a harmonious world the developed countries should take their responsibilities to help the poor ones experiencing food shortage.
as for me, i will call on the people around me to live thriftily. and for the moment, i think, we should study hard to develop science and help solve the food shortage in the future.
XX聯考英語作文範文
4． 最近，你校同學正在參加某英文報組織的一場討論。討論的主題是：公園要不要收門票?請你根據下表所提供的信息，給報社寫一封信，客觀地介紹討論情況。
60％的同學認為 1．不應該收門票 2.公園是公眾休閒的地方 3.如收門票，需建大門、圍牆，會影響城市形象
40％的同學認為 1．應收門票，但票價不要太高 2．支付園林工人工資 3．購新花木
注意：1．信的開頭已為你寫好。
2．詞數：100左右。
3．參考辭彙：門票---entrance fee
dear editor．
i’m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks．
dear editor,i’‘m writing to tell you about the discussion we have had about whether an entrance fee should be charged for parks.
60% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee do not meet peoples expectations, for a park is considered to be a place where the public can have a good time when they are not busy either at home or at work. if an entrance fee must be paid by the visitors for a park, it will be necessary to build a gate and surrounding walls. in the end a city will take on a bad look. 40% of us schoolmates think that an entrance fee can be accepted, but it must not be too expensive. the money from ticket selling can be used for paying the gardeners in the park and buying some other kinds of flowers and trees.
with regard to myself, i think an entrance fee is useful, for it can be used to protect a park. do we share the same opinion, dear editor?
yours truly,
5．誠實有益(it pays to be honest)
1． 當前社會上存在許多不誠實的現象。
2． 誠實利人利己，做人應該誠實。
這是一篇論說文，從題目看，應從正面論證誠實的益處。第一段，舉例說明在社會上
存在的諸多不誠實現象，給社會和個人都造成了極大的傷害。第二段，從正面說明誠實既利人又利己，通過舉例說明做人應該誠實。
參考範文：
as society and economy develop, dishonesty is no longer a stranger to us. manufacturers and businessmen may promise more than their products can guarantee so as to make more profit. doctors and nurses may lie to their patients for their patients’ benefit. students may cheat on exams for better scores. as a matter of fact, dishonesty has become so widespread that wherever you are you find cases of dishonesty.
however, it is honesty that brings benefit both to yourself and to others. by being honest, manufacturers and businessmen build up mutual trust between themselves and customers, which in the long run generates more profit. by telling patients the truth about their conditions so that they can make their own decisions, doctors and nurses enhance their own credibility and honor their profession. by giving honest answers to questions, not only can students themselves learn about their own strengths and weaknesses, but they help their teachers evaluate the quality of their instruction as well. therefore, it pays to be honest and everybody must learn to be honest.
6． my opinion on cheating in examinations(我對考試作弊的看法) 整理
目前，學校存在少數學生考試作弊現象。某英文雜誌社擬對此現象向中學生徵文，標題是“my opinion on cheating in examinations”。請根據下列提示用英語寫一篇徵文稿。內容要點如下：
主要原因 考試偏多、偏難
不用功、懶惰
取悅父母、老師
個人看法 作弊不對，違反校規
要誠實，努力學習
……（其他看法）
注意：1．短文必須包括所有內容要點，可適當發揮；
2．短文標題與開頭已為你寫好，不計入總詞數；
3．詞數：100左右。
4．參考辭彙：作弊 cheat（v.）
my opinion on cheating in examinations
it is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school.
my opinion on cheating in examinations
it is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school
as students, we often take examinations at school, but sometimes we have too many examinations whichare too difficult for us. on the other hand, some of us are lazy and don't work hard at our lessons. so when taking examinations, some students sometimes cheat in order to get better results to please their parents and teachers.
in my opinion, it is wrong to cheat in examinations because it break the rules of schools. we students should be honest and try to get good results by studying hard instead of cheating in examinations. what's more, we should improve our study methods and get well prepared for examinations. (121 words)
我對考試作弊的看法
大家都知道一些學生考試作弊。作為學生我們經常參加各種考試。有時有些考試對我們來說太難了。另一方面，我們中有些人學習不用功，所以當他們參加考試時，他們為拿高分去取悅父母和老師有時就會作弊。
依我看，作弊不對，違反校規。我們學生應當誠實，用努力學習採取得好成績，而不是依靠作弊。還有我們要改進學習方法，為考試做好充足準備。
7． the most important thing in the world / money is everything
directions：
a）title：the most important thing in the world
b）提示：有人認為，世界上最重要的東西是“錢”。許多人不同意這個看法。
請就這個問題談談你的意見。
c）time limit：30minutes
d）word limit：150～200words
e）your composition must be written clearly on the composition sheet.
the most important thing in the world
in my opinion，the most important thing in the world is time.however long one may live，his life consists of a certain number of years，and a year has only12months，a month30days and one day24hours.once you waste one hour，you can not get it back no matter how much you would pay for it.
even though you are the richest person in the world，you can not afford to waste your time，because it means that you are wasting your life.even though you are the most powerful person in the world，one hour has60minutes for you just as for everyone else who struggles at the bottom of the society.
some people think that the most important thing in the world is money.in their opinion，if you have enough money，you will have everything you want.i would like to ask them a simple question：can you buy time？
the only thing with which we can win more time is efficiency.if you work with high efficiency，you can do more in a certain period of time than other people.
8．XX年聯考(江西卷)
人們對於學生網上交友持不同意見。請你用英語寫一篇關於學生網上交友的短文，介紹人們的不同觀點，並表達自己的看法。
贊成的理由 反對的理由 你的看法
1．廣交朋友
2．可自由表達思想
3．利於外語學習 1．浪費時間
2．影響學習
3．可能上當受騙 ？
留意：1．文章必須包括表中的全部內容。
2．詞數為100左右。
3．參考辭彙： 網路朋友on-line friend(s)，上當受騙to be cheated
開頭：should students make friends on line ? 展開：some people say yes. the internet helps make many friends. chatting on line, students can more freely express their feelings and opinions, and even get help with their foreign language studies.
展開：others, however, think students should not. they say making friends on line is a waste of time, which should be spent more meaningfully on study. besides, some students get cheated on line.
結尾：it is my opinion that students should place their study, health and safety before other things. as for friendship, we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.
9．我國正提倡建設“節約型社會”，下圖為某校兩個學期用水、用電、用紙的情況。請對其進行簡要分析，以“how to build an economized society”為題，寫一篇作文，談談自己的想法。
項目學期 用電 用水 用紙
上學期 80萬元 62萬元 11萬元
下學期 95萬元 73萬元 12．7萬元
文章須包括以下要點：
節電：及時關閉電燈、電腦等用電設備
節水：隨手關閉水龍頭；廢水再利用
節紙：紙張再利用
補充：自己日常生活所感所為
留意：
1．詞數：100～120詞，短文標題、開頭已給出，但不計入總詞數。
2．內容可適當發揮，留意行文貫通。
how to build an economized society （東北三校）
our government is aiming to build an economized society．it is everybody's duty to work hard to achieve this goal including us students．
to build an economized society, we must keep the following points in our minds. firstly, make sure that the lights and the electric fans are turned off when there is no one in the room. set the room temperature at above 26℃. remember to turn off the computer when you are not using it. secondly, try to form the habit of turning off the tap after it is used. use basins when washing faces or vegetables. thus the water can be used again to clean toilets or water flowers. thirdly, it will be good enough to use a basket instead of plastic bags when you go to the market. as we know, a basket can be used many more times.
in a word, we should try our best to build an economized society.
10．可持續發展已成為全球共識，如何實行可持續發展是擺在世人面前的重大問題。請就下面表格所提供的內容進行陳述並談談你的看法。(江蘇省XX年聯考全真模擬試卷)
目前的狀況 1． 自然資源日趨減少
2． 環境問題依然嚴重
3． 人的環保觀念淡薄
4． 貧富差距越來越大
已採取的措施 1． 制定了相關的法律法規
2． 投入了大量的資金改善環境
3． 對民眾進行教育
4． 加強了國際間相互合作
你的看法 ……
留意：
1．不要逐條翻譯。
1． 可適當發揮
2． 詞數：150左右
3． 文章的開頭部分以給出
4． 參考辭彙：差距 gap相關法律 relevant laws
one possible version:
the idea of sustainable development has been accepted by the world. how to keep sustainable development is a big problem facing our planet.
the present situation is worrying. first, natural resources are becoming less than before. second, as some people are not aware of the importance of the environmental protection, the problems with it remain extremely serious to some degree. the gap between the rich and the poor has the tendency to become wider and wider.
to our great joy, many countries have taken action. on one hand, they have made relevant laws and regulations and put large amounts of money to the environmental protection. one the other hand, popularized education as well as international cooperation is being carried out.
as for myself, i should take the responsibility to devote myself to sustainable development, our future and the lives of our children and our grandchildren will be in danger.