a teaching＆learning plan for special topic of writing
guidance on open-ending writing
teaching aims:
1. master the use of the following words and phrases.
intention benefit employ remain influence crowded approach prediction indicate consumer recommend require call up stand out send for contribute to
be made up of /consist of make the best/most of in general keep in touch with pay attention to deal with have a（no） chance of doing be environmentally friendly
2. improve students’ writing by using diverse expressions
3. develop students’ ability of thinking widely..
important and difficult points:
1. the combined use of some important words phrases and sentences.
2. the training of the ability of open thought..
teaching aids: multi-media projector
teaching procedure:
step 1. lead-in
step 2. revision
translate the following words and phrases into english.
step 3. translating the following sentences, trying to use diverse expressions.
1. 派往洪災區的醫療隊由4名醫生、6名護士組成。
the medical team ____ to the flooded area ___________four doctors and six nurses.
the medical team ____ to the flooded area _______ four doctors and six nurses.
four doctors and six nurses ____ ____ the medical team sent to the flooded area.
2. 因為有些私事要處理，他就沒有機會去遊覽長城了。
because he has some personal affairs to deal with, he will have no chance of visiting the great wall.
he has some personal affairs to deal with, so he will have no chance of visiting the great wall.
having some personal affairs to deal with, he will have no chance to visit the great wall.
with some personal affairs to deal with, he will have no chance of visiting the great wall.
3. 他的發明將會給人們帶來很多益處。
his invention will ( ) people.
his invention will ( )people.
his invention will ( ) people.
people will ( )his invention.
his invention will( ).
his invention will ( )people.
his invention will ( )people greatly.
his invention will ( )people.
4. 老師要求所有的學生課後把作文交上去。(require)
the teacher required all the students to hand in their compositions after class.
all the students were required to hand in their compositions after class.
the teacher required that all the students should hand in their compositions after class.
it was required by the teacher that all the students should hand in their compositions after class.
the teacher’s requirement was that all the students should hand in their compositions after class.
5. 為了取得更好的成績，我們應該充分利用每一分鐘。
_________get better results, we should _______________every minute.
we should ________________every minute ________get better results.
every minute should _________________________we can get better results.
6. 昨晚直到10點鐘，black 夫婦才請了一位醫生。
the blacks didn’t send for a doctor until 10 o’clock yesterday evening.
it was not until 10 o’clock that the blacks sent for a doctor yesterday evening.
not until 10 o’clock did the blacks send for a doctor yesterday evening.
step 4. discuss with your partner and create a situation , using these words ,phrases or grammar structures listed above (at least four of them).
benefit require influence recommend remain make up of /consist of deal with have a(no) chance of doing contribute to make the most/best of send for pay attention to keep in touch with call up it is ….that …
with 獨立結構 分詞作定語、狀語 原因/目的狀語從句
名詞性從句 not until 倒裝句
step 5. write down the passages according to the given situations
situation 1： one saturday afternoon, li hua and wang ping were playing in the woods when they found a bird on the ground. they picked it up and found it wounded.
suppose you are li hua and wang ping. please tell us what you did with the bird. (詞數不少於50 )
situation 2: 根據下面英文提示寫一篇短文，詞數不少於50。
traffic jams are a very serious problem in beijing. the streets are full of cars, buses, and bikes almost every day. to make matters worse, some people do not follow the traffic rules.
suppose you are discussing this problem in your english class. please make two or three suggestions on how to improve the traffic in beijing.
step 6. homework
1. review what we learned in this period.
2. write down the two passages according to the given situations.
附一: 開放作文評分標準(criteria for open-ending writing)
開放作文 第一檔
13—15分 第二檔
9—12分 第三檔
4—8分 第四檔1—3分
內容
(content） 內容充實，體現了活躍的思維和清晰的邏輯； 內容、邏輯和交際等方面基本符合要求； 表達未能切題； 表達未能切題
語法辭彙句式
(language) 語法或用詞方面有個別錯誤，但為儘可能表達豐富的內容所致；體現出較強的語言運用能力。 所用語法和辭彙滿足了任務的要求；
語法或用詞方面有一些錯誤，但不影響理解。 所用辭彙有限，語法或用詞方面的錯誤影響了對寫作內容的理解。 語法或用詞方面錯誤較多，嚴重影響了對寫作內容的理解。
語篇的交際性
(communication) 交際得體表達時充分考慮到了交對象的需求。 交際準確表達時基本考慮到了交對象的需求。 交際不當，表達時忽略了交際對象的需求。
附二：書面表達常見的過渡用語有：
1.表示並列或遞進
and 和，又，並且；both…and 既……又；not only …but (also)不僅……而且；neither…nor既不……也不；as well 也，又；as well as 同（一樣也），和； besides此外；what’s more再說
2.表示選擇
or 、 or else; 或者；either…or或者……或者，不論……還是
3.表示轉折
but 但是；although 雖然；yet 然而；however 然而；otherwise 否則；after all 畢竟
4.表示對比或比較
like 像；unlike不像；while 而；still仍然；compared with 與……相比；different from與……不同的是；instead 作為代替（而……）；on the contrary 相反地；on the other hand 另一方面；even so 即使如此
5.表示舉例或例證
for example /for instance /such as 例如；to take…for example 以……為例；that is /namely 即，那就是；in one’s opinion 在某人看來；in other words 換句話說
６.表示強調
also 也；besides 此外，再說；in fact /actually 事實上；naturally 自然地；of coruse當然
7.表示時間或順序
first (of all )首先；first /firstly 首先，第一；second /secondly 第二；next 接著，later 後來；soon after 之後不久，在……之後不久；since then 從那時起；at last /finally 最後 for one thing; for another thing （首先； 其次 ） on one hand; on the other hand （一方面； 另一方面 ）
8.表示因果關係
because /as /since /for 因為；for this reason /because of this 由於這個原因；if so 所以；as a result of ／as a consequence of 由於……的結果
9.表示結論或摘要
in a word 總之；in one word 一句話，in short 簡而言之；generally speaking 一般說來；that is (to say)那就是說；to tell (you )the truth 老實說；thus 這樣；as a result /as a consequence 結果；it shows that 這表明；it is quite clear that 很明顯；there is no doubt that 毫無疑問；it is well-known that /as everybody knows 眾所周知；as far as we know 據我們所知
開放作文專題指導
根據下面英文提示寫一篇短文，詞數不少於50。
練習一：traffic jams are a very serious problem in beijing. the streets are full of cars, buses and bikes almost every day. to make matters worse, some people do not follow the traffic rules.
suppose you are discussing this problem in your english class. please make two or three suggestions on how to improve the traffic in beijing.
練習二：請根據下面的漫畫，寫一篇短文。詞數不少於50。
提示：電子琴electronic piano畫板：drawing board
look at this picture. here is a family of five.___________________________________
練習三：
in your english class, the teacher shows this picture of a little boy looking into a mirror, and asks the class to discuss it. your classmates have different understandings.
look at the picture carefully and tell the class how you understand the picture. write what you would say on the next page.
練習四：mr. li is the manager of a large company. he went back home late as usual one night. he found a note written by his only son, saying that he would leave home …you know the boy and tell us why:
練習五：on a sunny morning, xiao hong from orange town was on her way to her friend’ s house in green hill, a small town she had never been to before. at a crossroads, she found the signpost （路標） showing the directions had fallen over. she got lost.
how could she find out which way to go? consider two or three different ways of working out the problem.
第二節，開放作文
one possible version：
練習一：to improve the traffic in beijing, i think, first, we should widen or build more roads to provide better traffic conditions. second, the government should encourage more people to use public transport and bicycles so as to ease the traffic flow. third, everyone in beijing, especially those who drive or walk on the street, should follow the traffic rules.
練習二：the youngest child looks like a king. he is sitting on his father’s back. the grandpa of him is holding an umbrella for him to make him feel cool. his mother helps him take the bags and something he likes. his grandma is not strong enough to take the electronic piano and the drawing board. the only thing she can do is to try her best to take the things for her grandson. every family has only one child. it is not good to treat him like a king. letting him do something he can is to help the child. (12分)
look at the little boy. how happy he is!. his mother is cooking for him, his father is playing with him, and his grandparents are taking care of him. but what is he doing? oh, he is just playing with his toys. should parents do everything for their children? absolutely not! if a child could not do the things that is easy enough, what would happen? a child have his own life. parents should teach their children how to live a wonderful life, but not to do everything for their children. (12分)
look at this picture. here is a family of five. they are grandfather, grandmother, father, mother and son. the grandmother helps the son to take a drawing board. the grandfather protects the son from sunshine. the son is sitting on the father and the mother helps him to take an electronic piano. the son is very happy. but other people of the family are not happy. they are so tired and hot. how selfish the child is! （9分）
開放性作文（15）
練習二： what will the child become?
look at this picture. here is a family of five. the only child is riding his “horse”— his father. what a proud “king” he looks! his grandfather is holding an umbrella over him and cooling him with a fan. his mother is carrying his schoolbag and lots of other things for him. what is his grandmother doing behind? s he is walking hard carrying an electronic piano and a drawing board. but what will the child become in the future? he’ll think of himself more important than anyone else. he’ll be unable to do anything without help. he’ll become no good for the world.
練習三：開放作文第一檔：（13-15）
1. in my opinion, the picture shows that everyone has a dream in his mind. as a child, he is always thinking about what he will be when growing up, or rather what he wants to be twenty or thirty years later.
it’s the dream that gives us power to get close to success. with the dream deep inside, we will spare no effort to realize it despite the trouble we are faced with.
2. maybe the little boy just failed in an exam. how disappointed the boy is! looking into the mirror, he find a very strong man in front of him, it’s his father. his father looks very pound of himself and very handsome. the little boy knows his father is couraging him and tell him he would be as strong as his father. the boy feels better ad nods. he rebuilds his confidence. this is what our teacher wants to tell us: “”never lose heart!”
3. in my opinion, the picture tells us the little boy’s wish. looking into the mirror, the little boy finds himself stronger and older. it’s his wish that growing up as soon as possible, so that he can do a lot of thing by himself.
nowadays, parents are so careful with their children that the children don’t have enough change to practice. children don’t want parents to help them with everything. so i hope this picture can let parents know what their children think.
第二檔（9—12分）
(1) when the little boy look into the mirror, it seems that he is stronger. but in fact, he is only the one what he used to be.
i think, one person should know himself clearly. you must not do what you don’t, then you will be successful. if not, you will do nothing correctly. this is how i understand the picture.
(2) through the mirror, i think, we can see the future of the little boy. he may want to be a strong and warm-hearted man. then he can do a lot of things for people around him. what a good boy he is! he can see his future through the mirror.
第三檔（4—8分）
the little boy looking into the mirror. he look at a person who is the man he wanted to be. in my opinion he wanted to grow up so that he can do many things which he wanted when he was young. i also want i can grow up so that i will work to earn money for my parents. they should retired and live a easy life.
(2) i think the little boy that can look his father. through his mirror he can look his father too. which made him felt very sadly. he learn in the classroom while his father working hard in suns. although he was tired, he didn't stop working. because his father must afford him to go to school and make their family changed more beautiful.
第四檔： （1—3分）
i look at the picture carefully and find a man in a mirror. i don’t know why a little boy like a man in this mirror. why a little boy turn to a man in this mirror. although in the mirror’s man isn’t a little boy. he is the old people. why a little boy turn tall in the mirror. this is my understand.
(2) i think is necessary for us to learn this picture. the most important reason is that when we do everything was wrong, we will lose our heart, we can see the picture, and we will have it and do everything easy. it has become a must to people. in a word we mustn’t lose our heart every time.
(3) the mirror like our live, it reflect all about us. when we was happily, you can spend a wonderful time, but when we was sadly, you can spend a badly time, so we love my life.
第二節 開放作文（15分）
one possible version:
練習三範文：we can see in the picture a little boy standing in front of a mirror. he’s letting his imagination fly. what he sees in the mirror is not his physical self but what he will be like in twenty years. although he is small and short now, he believes he will grow up to be a tall and strong young man like yao ming, who he admires. i think this picture tries to tell us that we should always look into the future with hope and confidence.
練習四範文：the boy is my classmate whose name is li ming. his parents got divorced and his mother remarried. his father is always busy with his work and seldom cares about his son. though li ming lives a comfortable life, he feels lonely. he left home just to escape from his boring life at home.
the boy is my classmate whose name is li ming. his parents got divorced and his mother remarried. his father is always busy with his work and seldom cares about his son. though li ming lives a comfortable life, he feels lonely. he left home just to escape from his boring life at home.
練習五範文：first of all, xiao hong could ask a passer-by for directions. since it was a sunny day, she could also use the position of the sun to tell the directions. and finally she could also replace the signpost so that it correctly named the direction she had come from. then it would be correct for all the other directions.
開放作文存在問題
一、審題失誤
1．人稱、時態不對
xiao hong don’t worry. i’ll give you some advice. first, you will look for a person who will can take you to your friends home. if nobody, you can look at the sun, which can tell you the direction.
2．不知所云
on a sunny morning, xiao hong from orange town was on her way to her friend is house in green hill, she found the signpost showing the directions had fallen over. so she decided to made it to stand at a crossroads. because she thought that she finished it, many people could find way. though she was late for it, she felt very well. because she did a good thing.
二、寫作過程中存在的問題
1．句式混亂，結構不清。中文式英語
i think xiao hong should ask to throught the road’s people to go green hill way. then she should help the crossroad to stand. or she should go to a tellphone will beat near and call for her friend.
2．動詞形式、短語、人稱使用不正確。
at first, she can asking somebody who cross there for help. the second way, she can take phone to home and asks his family who can answer her question. the third way is take phone to 110. they can help she.
because xiao hong from orange town was on her way to her friend’s house in green hill . she can bring the signpost on way she can get up it and the orange town singnpost her way where from come from . i think the green hill’s way that will be find out.
3．太羅嗦。
①the first way, she can wait for a moment to find a person and then she can ask the person the way. they can put the signpost right.
the second way, if there is a phone, she can phone to her friend to ask the way. her friend can tell her to find the right way.
the tired way, if there is no phone and she didn’t find a person, she can choice a way and walk. she gets there. then she asks the way. （6）
②what could she do? she couldn’t go when she lost her way. she sat on the roadside to wait for a man who could help her. soon a man came to towards her. she asked for help. the man is a kind-hearted man. he helped xiao hong and made the signpost show the right directions.
i think she also can find a police station for help or she could phone her friend ask which way she should take. （6）
4．所給的方法不合理、沒有邊際的開放。
i think she can to there in the way she tell the plants around the road because the way to green hill must grow many grasses and flowers. on the other hand, she can use the direction of wind to judge which way she could find out for the signpost can be rolled towards the wind. （3）
優秀
①first , she could ask for help from the passer-by, who were walking the road. the second, she could use the signpost. let the signpost lead to the way from orange town. then, she could find the way to the green hill. and the last way was that she telephoned her friend and asked her friend to pick up her. （此文章優點是層次分明，句式表達簡練；不足之處是部分詞語使用欠準確）（11）
②she can phone her friend and ask where he or she live, or she can asking local policeman for help, or she can judge by herself. because she set out from orang town. so she know where is orange town. so the other road was green hill.（此文語言簡明扼要， 用詞準確思路清晰。不足之處是句式變化少，且最後一點表述不太清楚。）（10）
③xiao hong could pick the signpost up and the orange town should touch toward the way where she came from. she also could see the sun, the sun was the east. then she could find the way to her classmate. there was another way that she could telephone her classmate and asked him to pick her up. (此文章能夠想出合理的辦法解決問題，且結構緊湊，句式正確，表述清晰—also, another 用的非常好；不足之處是沒有認真審題，不是找classmate, 部分單詞有錯誤) （12）
general requirements of writing
•1、認真審題，即：審語境、審人稱、審時態
•2、要緊扣主題，符合要求，首尾呼應
•3、注意寫作對象和語言風格，要有讀者的意識
•4、要進行細緻描寫，有細節的支撐
•5、要有主次之分， 詳略得當
•6、要力求內容新穎，必須符合邏輯
•7、要做到思想健康，積極向上