summary
driven by the growing economy, china's machinery industry is facing new opportunities and challenges in the development process. diesel is widely used in a variety of power machinery ultra-high thermal efficiency, and particularly energy-efficient power equipment, machinery industry is also a very important mechanical equipment, have been widely used in various industries, in the number of mechanical and shipbuilding companies occupies a very important role. diesel engines used in the process, due to the interference of various factors, diesel when used normally appears related failures that will seriously affect the normal operation of the diesel engine as well as security, reliability, is not conducive to the development of the diesel engine. what better way to solve common faults occurring in diesel operation, the diesel engine is an important issue that must be addressed during the replacement of the propulsion engine replacement also plays quite an important role.
【關 鍵 詞】 柴油機、 常見故障、 故障分析、 檢查方法、處理措施
【keywords】 diesel、 common fault、 fault analysis、
approach to inspection、 measures
前 言
近幾年以來，隨著全球經濟的飛速發展，船舶等各大機械設備在市場份額中，有著相當大的比重，因此，國內外的機械設備故障診斷技術發展也相當迅速，並推動著國民生產總值的提高。
柴油機是機械領域重要的一部分。因為它對工作環境有特殊且複雜的要求，所以，對柴油機故障診斷的研究特別重要。柴油機這種設備能持續、高效地工作，經常要好幾個小時不間斷甚至更長時間的連續運轉，並且工作環境很惡劣，因此，在正常使用的柴油機也會經常出現各種各樣的故障，而其發生故障的原因也非常複雜。
柴油機故障診斷技術的研究可以有效的幫助我們預知可能發生的故障，防止船舶機械設備損壞和貨物損壞事故的發生，同時也會帶來潛在的巨大的經濟、社會效益。
foreword
in recent years, along with the rapid development of the global economy, ships and other major machinery and equipment in the market share, has a very large proportion, therefore, machinery fault diagnosis technology development at home and abroad is quite rapid, and promote national production raise the total.
diesel is an important part of the machinery. work environment because of its special and complex requirements, so the research on diesel engine fault diagnosis is particularly important. diesel this equipment can be sustained, efficient work, often better than a few hours a day or even longer continuous operation, and the work environment is very harsh, so in normal use diesel engines will often appear a variety of failures, the reasons for its failure are very complex.
diesel fault diagnosis technology can effectively help us to predict possible failures, prevent damage and accidents cargo ship damaged machinery and equipment, but also potentially huge economic and social benefits.
一、 柴油機發生故障時的處理原則和常用方法
1.1 柴油機運轉中產生故障時的處理原則
1.當故障發生後，首先應該採取一些應急措施，然後再分析研究其故障產生的原因，以防止故障進一步擴散；
2.如果一開始沒有查明故障發生的導火線，不可隨意拆開柴油機，以免因為不必要的拆裝而拖延排除故障的時間，或者因為拆裝不正確而造成新的或引起更嚴重的故障；
3.在分析、研究故障的過程中，應該遵循由外到內；由系統到機械；由運動件到固定件等。並結合柴油機過去的情況進行分析、判斷；
4.在故障排除後，準備啟動機器之前，應先進行盤車，然後啟動柴油機。
1.2 柴油機故障分析、判斷方法
柴油機運轉中會出現故障，我們應該仔細分析引發故障的原因，從而作出正確、合理的判斷，並為故障的排除及事故的預防準備條件。